The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia does not have direct authority in the enforcement of various administrative and administrative court rulings. However, the institute of ...constitutional legal action by which the fundamental rights and freedoms are guaranteed by the Constitution of the Republic of Croatia places the Constitutional Court in the position of deciding on the protection of these rights which could be infringed during proceedings and in the enforcement of court decisions reached in administrative proceedings and administrative disputes and must simultaneously be included also in the enforcement of decisions by administrative bodies and the judicial judgements by administrative courts. Within the protection of fundamental constitutional rights and freedoms concerning the enforcement of administrative and administrative judicial decisions, the role of the Constitutional Court in protecting the wider legal political concept of the rule of law as one of the fundamental and initiatory values of the constitutional order of the Republic of Croatia, is exceptionally important. The legal political concept of the rule of law is marked by the system of political power which is founded on respecting the Constitution, the law and other regulations simultaneously and on the part of citizens and on the part of the bodies of governmental power. In this sense, all general legal acts (provisions), as well as certain acts of government bodies, must be founded on the Constitution, law and other provisions and considered more widely, the right to enforcement of administrative judicial decisions emerges from the right to access the court. The enforcement of administrative and administrative judicial decisions is the last phase of the administrative procedure, that is, administrative dispute. It establishes the state which determines in the disposition of the act it enforces. Enforcement in administrative proceedings is carried out against the person who is bound to fulfil the obligation ( enforcee), that is, its legal successor. It is implemented officially (ex officio) when public interest orders it. Enforcement which is in the party’s interest is implemented at the suggestion of the party (enforcement applicant) and can be implemented on the basis of the parties’ negotiation. Enforcement of the judgement where the administrative court resolves the issue must be ensured by the defendant.
This paper analyses issues which have occurred in the implementation of administrative court supervision over administrative acts of regulatory agencies. Here, this is HANFE when it implements ...supervision in proceedings for taking over joint stock companies, in particular, in proceedings when it establishes common activity. Firstly, the position of HANFE is examined as an independent regulatory agency and its powers over its addressees, in particular in the proceedings for taking over joint stock companies. The fundamental characteristics of the institute of common activity are also examined. If HANFE establishes that people are acting together and have overstepped the so called control threshold in a particular company, HANFE reaches a solution which forces persons who act together to make public the takeover-bid offer to other joint –stock companies. In these cases, the main supervisory task of HANFE comes to the fore given that it directly protects investors’ interests in the capital market. The legitimate interest is in being offered under market conditions to “exit” from the particular company at that moment when someone else gains control over them. For the persons who act together, the solutions which establish common activity and demand the obligation of making public takeover bids are most often are quashed in the event of an administration dispute. In these disputes some issues are contentious. These are the issue of local court supervision given the large number of first instance administrative courts and the issue of the distinctions between administrative court examination of the administrative act of HANFE and the question of whether the administrative court can and under what conditions resolve a dispute as a full jurisdiction dispute, or meritoriously resolve the case itself. The consequences for a regulatory body if its decision in administrative dispute is revoked and returned for re-trial and does not bring a new single act or brings a decision contrary to the legal understanding of the administrative court are also examined.
Pozornost je autora u ovom radu usmjerena, ponajviše, prema upravnom sporu pune jurisdikcije. Zbog važnosti upravnosudske kontrole činjeničnog stanja i zbog postojanja različitih gledišta po tom ...pitanju, opširnije se prikazuje spor pune jurisdikcije u francuskom upravnom pravu. U članku se ukazuje na važnost novih činjenica u upravnom sporu, posebno ako iste nedvojbeno pokazuju da su različite od činjeničnog stanja utvrđenog u upravnom postupku. U zaključku rada ukazuje se na promjenivost upravnog spora pune jurisdikcije.
The author's attention is focussed mainly on full adjudication administrative dispute. Due to the importance of administrative court control of the facts and due to the existence of varying viewpoints regarding this issue, full adjudication administrative dispute in French administrative law is shown. This paper points out the significance of new facts in administrative dispute in particular if these undoubtedly show that they are different to the facts established in the administrative proceedings. In conclusion, the changeability of full adjudication administrative dispute is shown.
The administrative relations of individuals towards the authority are the framework for balancing public and private legal interests in contemporary societies. Especially when there is a dispute, the ...system promotes the effective adjudication of contradictory legal interests in order to prove that the authority functions as a good administration. Namely, effective adjudication through administrative appeals can be the primary tool for resolving conflicts as quickly as possible but with full respect for the rule of law and the division of power as key principles of central European legal systems. The article addresses theoretical, normative, and empirical issues of Slovene public administration and administrative justice in order to establish the scope of effective conflict resolution by internal administrative appeal that is mandatory before court action can be taken. By using several research methods, it can be concluded that Slovenia has developed appeal procedures as a sufficient form of adjudication. Nevertheless, appeals could be further improved to ensure good governance in practice.
U ovom radu se razmatraju problemi u
primjeni članka 79. Zakona o upravnim sporovima (“Narodne novine”, broj 20/10,
143/12, 152/14, 94/16, 29/17) i članka 3. Zakona o izmjeni i dopuni Zakona o
...upravnim sporovima (Narodne novine, broj 29/17) koji su se pojavili u praksi
upravnih sudova i Visokog upravnog suda Republike Hrvatske. Različita,
međusobno suprotstavljena tumačenja ovih odredbi protežu se i na različito
poimanje svrhe i cilja upravnog spora u praksi sudova, kao i odnosa upravnog
spora pred prvostupanjskim sudovima i žalbenog postupka pred Visokim upravnim
sudom Republike Hrvatske. Stoga će
se u radu pokušati odgovoriti na dosad otvorena pitanja, prikazati usporedna
zakonska rješenja susjednih država i predložiti moguća tumačenja otvorenih
dvojbi te time ponukati potrebne izmjene važećega normativnog izričaja.
This paper deals with problems in the application of Article 79 of the Law on Administrative Disputes (Official Gazette 20/10, 143/12, 152/14, 94/16, 29/17) and Article 3 of the Amendments Act to the Administrative Disputes Act (Official Gazette No. 29/17), which appeared in the practice of the Administrative courts and the High Administrative Court of the Republic of Croatia. Different, mutually
opposing interpretations of these provisions extend to the different perception of the goal and purpose of the administrative dispute in the practice of the Administrative Courts, as well as the relationship between the administrative dispute at the first instance courts and the appellate proceedings before the High Administrative Court of the Republic of Croatia. Therefore, the paper tries to answer open questions, as well as to present comparative legal solutions of neighboring countries and propose possible interpretations of disputable issues, and thus initiate necessary changes to the normative expression in force.
Naknada štete u upravnom sporu Jug, Jadranko; Vezmar Barlek, Inga
Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Splitu,
06/2013, Volume:
50, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
U radu se obrađuje mogućnost ostvarivanja zahtjeva za naknadu štete, kao akcesornog zahtjeva u upravnom sporu. Iznose se materijalnopravne pretpostavke za utvrđivanje odgovornosti za štetu zbog ...nezakonitog ili nepravilnog rada javnopravnih tijela te procesnopravni aspekt ostvarivanja tog zahtjeva.
U uvjetima prisutnih složenih i teških gospodarskih i socijalnih prilika, a s obzirom na komparativne mogućnosti i ekonomske učinke, sustav javne nabave, koji je, u prvom redu, na zakonskoj razini, ...uređen Zakonom o javnoj nabavi iz 2011. godine (dalje: ZJN), od izuzetne je važnosti za čitav pravni, politički i gospodarski sustav Republike Hrvatske. Javna nabava, u svojoj biti, predstavlja ugovaranje nabave robe, radova ili usluga. Specifičnost tog sustava sastoji se, prije svega, u tome da regulira ulazak u ugovorni odnos javnog i privatnog sektora. Stoga, ovaj sustav načelno mora biti formalan, kako bi se zaštitila ravnopravnost natjecatelja u postupku javne nabave, ali i opći interes. Temeljni ciljevi autora bili su, cijeneći pravnu tradiciju i tuzemne posebnosti, nakon analize upravno-sudske prakse, u kontekstu međunarodne pravne stečevine, dati prikaz i analizu zakonske regulacije nekih u praksi spornih aspekata sustava javne nabave u Hrvatskoj, te dvojbi proizašlih iz aktualne upravno-sudske prakse. Sporni aspekti sustava javne nabave, analizom pravomoćnih odluka upravnih sudova u razdoblju primjene Zakona o upravnim sporovima iz 2010. godine (dalje: ZUS), tiču se prvenstveno pitanja: mjesne nadležnosti upravnih sudova-; (ne)poštovanja načela tržišnog natjecanja, jednakog tretmana, zabrane diskriminacije i razmjernosti u odnosu na sve gospodarske subjekte; tko bi bili obveznici primjene ZJN-a; razloga isključenja i uvjeta sposobnosti gospodarskih subjekata; sadržaja, načina izrade i postupanja s dokumentacijom za nadmetanje te pristiglim ponudama; nadležnosti Državne komisije za rješavanje o žalbama; pravne zaštite kroz institut žalbe te naknade troškova žalbenog postupka. Stav je autora da pozitivno pravno uređenje sustava javne nabave u određenim segmentima opterećuje površnost i nedorečenost propisa, što je otežalo rad primjenjivačima propisa, ali i da postoji neki važni segmenti u regulativi i praksi koji zahtijevaju dodatnu analizu. Dotle, aktualnu upravno-sudsku praksu kao izvora prava, kada govorimo o predmetima javne nabave, obilježilo je nekoliko temeljnih značajki: fragmentarnost, s obzirom na to da je mali broj odluka uopće osporavan pred upravnim sudovima; nepotpunost, jer značajan broj odluka prvostupanjskih upravnih sudova nije podvrgnut ocjeni zakonitosti u žalbenom postupku; raznolikost u postupanju u određenim segmentima javne nabave te neaktualnost. K tome, u praksi je zabilježen značajan broj slučajeva u kojima se Državna komisija u ponovnom postupku, u izvršenju pravomoćnih presuda, suprotno članku 81. ZUS-a, nije pridržavala pravnih shvaćanja i primjedaba upravnog suda, što nitko sebi ne bi smio dopustiti. Međutim, očekivati je u narednom razdoblju da će značajniju ulogu u ujednačavanju upravno-pravne prakse i primjene prava u postupcima javne nabave imati Visoki upravni sud Republike Hrvatske, što i jest njegova osnovna zadaća. To će ujedno doprinijeti učinkovitijoj zaštiti pravne sigurnosti svih dionika koji sudjeluju u ovim vrstama postupaka.
Under the current conditions of complex and difficult economic and social circumstances and given the comparative possibilities and economic effects, the system of public procurement which is firstly at a legal level regulated by the Public Procurement Act 8 (Zakon o javnoj nabavi) of 2011 (further referred to as: PPA (ZN), is of particular importance for the entire legal, political and economic system of the Republic of Croatia. Public procurement in essence represents contracting the procurement of goods, works or services. The specifities of that system are comprised, above all, of regulation of entering contractual relations between the public and private sector. Therefore, this system in principle must be formal in order to protect equality of competitors in the public procurement procedure and also in the general interest. Appreciating the legal tradition and indigenous particularities, the author’s fundamental aims consisted of providing and analysing administrative court practice in the context of international legal acquis communautaire showing some legal regulation in practice of disputable aspects of the system of public procurement in Croatia and the doubts emerging from current administrative court practice.
Polazeći od aktualnog uređenja upravnosudske kontrole u poreznim stvarima, u radu se, nakon kratkog prikaza normativnopravnog okvira kontrole u poreznim stvarima, daje prikaz određenih pokazatelja ...provedbe upravne i upravnosudske kontrole u poreznim stvarima. Iskustva primjene upravne kontrole u poreznim stvarima i analiza dostupnih pokazatelja recentne upravnosudske kontrole u poreznim stvarima povod su traženju novih rješenja učinkovitije zaštite prava poreznih obveznika, ali i ostvarenja zadaća poreznih tijela. Promjene poreznih sustava koje se događaju u okruženju imaju učinke i na hrvatski poreznopravni okvir pa se u radu razmatraju mogući pravci razvoja i ustrojavanja alternativnih oblika rješavanja sporova u području oporezivanja. Za prikaz mogućeg razvoja kontrolnih mehanizama u poreznom pravu odabrana je uspostava arbitražnog pravosudnog sustava u poreznim stvarima. Kontekst pojavljivanja alternativnih oblika rješavanja sporova u poreznim stvarima nameće pitanje jesu li promjene u provedbi kontrole u poreznim stvarima evolucijske naravi.
Starting with the current organisation of administrative court control in taxation matters, this paper, after a brief overview of the normative legal framework of control in such matters, provides an analysis of certain indicators of administrative and administrative court control implementation in taxation matters. The experience of the application of administrative control in taxation matters and an analysis of accessible indicators of recent administrative court control in taxation matters has triggered the search for new solutions for more effective protection of taxpayers’ rights and for achieving the tasks of taxation bodies. Occurring changes to taxation systems also affect the Croatian taxation legal framework. Therefore, this paper considers the possible directions of development and the organisation of alternative forms for dispute resolution in the area of taxation. This overview of possible control mechanism directions in taxation law includes an arbitration judicial system for taxation matters. The context for the appearance of alternative forms of dispute resolution in taxation matters poses the question of whether changes to the implementation of control in taxation matters is of an evolutionary nature.
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