This paper examines the impact of the legal rhythms and temporalities of migration on the specific temporalities of family life, under conditions of enforced temporariness. It apprehends enforced ...temporariness as a mode of governance infused with chronopolitics, which - by producing specific experiences of time - deprives migrants of the right/capacity to lead their family lives according to their plans and aspirations. Through a focus on highly qualified third-country nationals holding temporary visas in Belgium, it shows that these experiences of time result from the friction between the institutional timescale of administrative procedures and policies, and migrants' everyday and biographic timescales. Starting from the administrative timescales of highly-skilled migrants, the paper describes the existing Belgian migration legislation, with a focus on administrative procedures. It then explores the specific experiences of time those procedures generate, by highlighting different kinds of friction migrants experience as well as their effects. It presents some of the ways these migrants cope with them, and concludes by highlighting the fruitfulness of applying a friction lens to the study of intersecting timescales.
ABSTRACT We present the calibration of the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) X-ray satellite. We used the Crab as the primary effective area calibrator and constructed a piece-wise ...linear spline function to modify the vignetting response. The achieved residuals for all off-axis angles and energies, compared to the assumed spectrum, are typically better than 2% up to 40 keV and 5%-10% above due to limited counting statistics. An empirical adjustment to the theoretical two-dimensional point-spread function (PSF) was found using several strong point sources, and no increase of the PSF half-power diameter has been observed since the beginning of the mission. We report on the detector gain calibration, good to 60 eV for all grades, and discuss the timing capabilities of the observatory, which has an absolute timing of 3 ms. Finally, we present cross-calibration results from two campaigns between all the major concurrent X-ray observatories (Chandra, Swift, Suzaku, and XMM-Newton), conducted in 2012 and 2013 on the sources 3C 273 and PKS 2155-304, and show that the differences in measured flux is within ∼10% for all instruments with respect to NuSTAR.
•We combined household waste stream weights with survey data.•We examine relationships between waste and food-related practices and beliefs.•Families and large households produced more total waste, ...but less waste per capita.•Food awareness and waste awareness were related to reduced food waste.•Convenience lifestyles were differentially associated with food waste.
It has been estimated that Canadians waste $27 billion of food annually, and that half of that waste occurs at the household level (Gooch et al., 2010). There are social, environmental, and economic implications for this scale of food waste, and source separation of organic waste is an increasingly common municipal intervention. There is relatively little research that assesses the dynamics of household food waste (particularly in Canada). The purpose of this study is to combine observations of organic, recyclable, and garbage waste production rates to survey results of food waste-related beliefs, attitudes, and behaviours at the household level in the mid-sized municipality of Guelph, Ontario. Waste weights and surveys were obtained from 68 households in the summer of 2013. The results of this study indicate multiple relationships between food waste production and household shopping practices, food preparation behaviours, household waste management practices, and food-related attitudes, beliefs, and lifestyles. Notably, we observed that food awareness, waste awareness, family lifestyles, and convenience lifestyles were related to food waste production. We conclude that it is important to understand the diversity of factors that can influence food wasting behaviours at the household level in order to design waste management systems and policies to reduce food waste.
Mediante el método dogmático y la revisión jurisprudencial, la presente investigación tiene por objeto analizar el control constitucional de los recursos administrativos en Chile. El resultado de la ...investigación demuestra que el que la Constitución en Chile no integrara expresamente este control no ha impedido que el Tribunal Constitucional chileno haya verificado la constitucionalidad de las legislaciones que desarrollan tales mecanismos impugnatorios. No obstante ello, se observan diferencias significativas según se ejerzan de manera preventiva o represiva. En sede preventiva, el examen de los recursos administrativos ha sido estrictamente formal, limitándose a verificar quórums de aprobación legislativa. En sede represiva, en cambio, la revisión de estos mecanismos se ha extendido, por el carácter sustancial de los criterios aplicados.
Since the beginning of 2019, descendants of harkis have been eligible for financial assistance, for having stayed in camps and forestage hamlets after the repatriation of 1962. This article looks at ...the production and appropriation of an administrative category, that of the child of a harki who has passed through the camps, within the framework of a public action program aimed at repairing prejudices linked to the colonial past. It is based on a survey of observations and interviews conducted in the National Office for Veterans and Victims of War (ONAC-VG) and its recipients who are children of harkis. The article begins by tracing the genesis of the Solidarity Fund for the children of harkis, in a judicial and memorial context that, since the end of the 2010s, has associated the experience of repatriation and the camps with the notion of prejudice. While the integration policies conducted since the 1980s had previously concerned all sons and daughters of former auxiliaries, the introduction of a criterion of at least 90 days’ stay in the camps led to a redefinition of the boundaries of the category of recipients formed by the children of harkis. For the administration, the design of the Solidarity Fund was accompanied by the negotiated production of a historical and technical discourse on the history of the camps and hamlets. It was a matter of determining which of the many sites that had housed harki families had been subject to exceptional administrative management, giving rise to a right to compensation. The administration also defines a system of self-referential proof system, in which the children of harkis attest to their eligibility for the program with the help of administrative documents from their past administrative care. The second part of the article examines the way in which the children of harkis involved in administrative procedures are recognized as entitled to financial aid. The possibility of converting their social and historical belonging to the group into an administrative status attached to resources implies overcoming certain cognitive and symbolic obstacles. The children of harkis must first learn of the existence of aid, generally through better informed members of the group who, through repeated contacts with the administrations, have become relays for public action. Identifying with the category of public concerned by the system generates symbolic costs, particularly linked to the stigma of assistance and the administrative burden of filling out the application. To prove their eligibility, applicants for the program then try to find documents relating to the colonial and post-colonial period, as proof of membership of the group. Although these old documents are a priori difficult to obtain, the meticulous conservation practices of the parents and the administrative skills acquired by certain members of the siblings, generally the eldest daughters, most often enable the children of harkis to comply with the demands of the administration. Finally, the administration's civil servants, especially when they establish personalized relations with the claimants, frequently play a role in facilitating administrative procedures.
Trata-se de pesquisa descritiva e bibliográfica acerca da legislação sobre os precedentes obrigatórios do art. 927 do CPC/15, da vinculação a tais precedentes por parte da autoridade incumbida do ...processamento e/ou julgamento de demandas na esfera administrativa e das suas aplicações na sistemática própria destes processos. Objetivou-se, pois, analisar cada hipótese elencada neste artigo, compará-las à Lei 9.784/99 que disciplina os processos administrativos em geral e refletir sobre sua aplicação supletiva e subsidiária. O estudo abordou a diferença entre os precedentes em sentido amplo e os que realmente tratam da ratio decidendi e têm o condão, além de uniformizar as decisões, de criar normas que melhor acompanhem a dinâmica da sociedade, para além da interpretação literal e abstrata das leis. Pode-se concluir pela aplicação cogente e inadiável de todos os precedentes na esfera administrativa contenciosa, independentemente de regulação própria, embora esta seja bem-vinda e até necessária para ampliar as potencialidades de alguns deles com estrutura jurídica específica, a exemplo do incidente de resolução de demanda repetitiva – IRDR; e mesmo quando não houver lacunas na lei específica, pela potencialidade que o atual CPC tem de promover justiça de forma mais eficiente, segura e isonômica.
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![La baraque [les camps], on ...](http://api.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/image/issn/XR4PS5YY4K/1952-8108/small "La baraque [les camps], on y était ! » Faire la preuve administrative de son statut d’enfant de harki")
