Baserat på en explorativ studie behandlar denna artikel frågan om utrikesfödd bakgrund, kön och ålder har någon betydelse för behovsbedömningsdokumentation inom svensk äldreomsorg. Med hjälp av ...kvantitativ innehållsanalys och multipel logistisk regressionsanalys av akter (n=202) innehållande utredningar (n=489) av ansökningar om välfärdstjänster, undersöker denna studie om identifikationsgrunder för äldre har någon betydelse för dokumentationspraktiker. Innehållsanalysen visade att beskrivningar i akterna av utlandsfödda äldre är mer omfattande än beskrivningarna av svenskfödda. Den multipla logistiska regressionsanalysen tyder på att kön och bakgrund verkar vara relevant för hur beslut motiverades i akterna. Ålder är inte lika relevant som de andra kategorierna. Det väsentligaste fyndet är att utlandsfödda äldre i detta material beviljas hemvårdsbidrag i större utsträckning än svenskfödda. Resultaten stöder delvis den kritiska debatten om hur klienter konstrueras i dokumentation av socialt arbete eftersom de indikerar att bakgrund, kön och ålder kan spela roll för hur äldre människors ansökningar om omsorgsinsatser behandlas i akter.
Baserat på en explorativ studie behandlar denna artikel frågan om utrikesfödd bakgrund, kön och ålder har någon betydelse för behovsbedömningsdokumentation inom svensk äldreomsorg. Med hjälp av ...kvantitativ innehållsanalys och multipel logistisk regressionsanalys av akter (n=202) innehållande utredningar (n=489) av ansökningar om välfärdstjänster, undersöker denna studie om identifikationsgrunder för äldre har någon betydelse för dokumentationspraktiker. Innehållsanalysen visade att beskrivningar i akterna av utlandsfödda äldre är mer omfattande än beskrivningarna av svenskfödda. Den multipla logistiska regressionsanalysen tyder på att kön och bakgrund verkar vara relevant för hur beslut motiverades i akterna. Ålder är inte lika relevant som de andra kategorierna. Det väsentligaste fyndet är att utlandsfödda äldre i detta material beviljas hemvårdsbidrag i större utsträckning än svenskfödda. Resultaten stöder delvis den kritiska debatten om hur klienter konstrueras i dokumentation av socialt arbete eftersom de indikerar att bakgrund, kön och ålder kan spela roll för hur äldre människors ansökningar om omsorgsinsatser behandlas i akter.
Based on an exploratory study, this article asks whether foreign-born background, gender, and age have any relevance for needs assessment documentation in Swedish elderly care. Using quantitative content analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis of case files (n=202) containing investigations (n=489) into requests for welfare services, this study explores whether the identification grounds of older people matter for documentation practices. The content analysis unveiled that case file descriptions of foreign-born older people are more extensive than the descriptions of Swedish-born. The multiple logistic regression analysis suggests also that gender and background seem to be relevant for how decisions are justified in case files. Age is not as relevant as the other categories. The most substantial finding is that foreign-born older people in this material are granted home care allowance to greater extent than Swedish born. The results partially support the critical debate about how clients are constructed in social work documentation since they give some indication that background, gender and age can play a role in how older people’s applications for care are processed in case files.
Baserat på en explorativ studie behandlar denna artikel frågan om utrikesfödd bakgrund, kön och ålder har någon betydelse för behovsbedömningsdokumentation inom svensk äldreomsorg. Med hjälp av ...kvantitativ innehållsanalys och multipel logistisk regressionsanalys av akter (n=202) innehållande utredningar (n=489) av ansökningar om välfärdstjänster, undersöker denna studie om identifikationsgrunder för äldre har någon betydelse för dokumentationspraktiker. Innehållsanalysen visade att beskrivningar i akterna av utlandsfödda äldre är mer omfattande än beskrivningarna av svenskfödda. Den multipla logistiska regressionsanalysen tyder på att kön och bakgrund verkar vara relevant för hur beslut motiverades i akterna. Ålder är inte lika relevant som de andra kategorierna. Det väsentligaste fyndet är att utlandsfödda äldre i detta material beviljas hemvårdsbidrag i större utsträckning än svenskfödda. Resultaten stöder delvis den kritiska debatten om hur klienter konstrueras i dokumentation av socialt arbete eftersom de indikerar att bakgrund, kön och ålder kan spela roll för hur äldre människors ansökningar om omsorgsinsatser behandlas i akter.
Many economic theories are based on the assumption that the rules of the market are the results of “natural” tendencies of rational individuals to gain their interests, and that those »natural laws« ...enable the market to be self-regulated. Their critics insist on a more significant role of state and society in the regulation of the market. Differences between these two camps are apparent: the first approach is based on rational individuals, the second one is based on the embeddedness of markets in the social and political context. However, both approaches are based on modernist dichotomies between subject and object, individual and collective, nature and society, which make it difficult to render the complexity of linking heterogeneous actors in the market. This text will propose Actor-Network Theory as an alternative approach to understanding markets. Such an approach implies that neither can market be self-regulated nor can a state regulate it. The market is instead viewed as an actor-network in which heterogeneous actors participate in its construction and maintenance.
View from the Sweatshop Floor Andelman, David A; Shay, Christopher; Bearnot, Edward
World policy journal,
07/2013, Volume:
30, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Andelman et al interview Bangladeshie labor leader, Nazma Akter. Among other things, Akter shares some context around the recent tragedies in Bangladesh's factories, bad working conditions inside ...these factories, the relationship between the owners and the politicians in Bangladesh, and changes needed in this relationship to prevent disasters and abuses in the future.
Rad se bavi tematizacijom osnovnih ideja Brune Latoura, jednog od najzanimljivijih socioloških autora na području sociologije znanosti, ali i na nekim drugim područjima mišljenja kao što su ...antropologija,
povijest znanosti i fi lozofi je. Njegov je prinos suvremenoj sociologiji utoliko provokativniji i sporniji što je nastao unutar velikih rasprava o modernosti i postmodernosti i što je često nailazio na izrazito kritičke odjeke, koji mu ponekad osporavaju čak i disciplinarno-sociološku relevantnost. Rad zahvaća i interpretira tri kruga problema koji dominiraju u Latourovu opusu: problem modernosti,
zato što Latour tvrdi da „nikada nismo bili moderni”; problem političke ekologije, zato što Latour inzistira na golemoj važnosti te tematike i nastoji formulirati posve novu, od svih drugih pristupa
drugačiju koncepciju političke ekologije; problem sociologije, zato što Latour polazi od uvjerenja da promjenu zahtijeva ne samo suvremeno društvo nego i sociologija kao znanost o društvu. Sukladno tome on problematizira tradicionalni pojam društva, ali i samu sociološku znanost. Pokazuje naime u kojem bi smislu sociološku znanost trebalo preutemeljiti te smatra da je to oblikovanje sociologije umreženog aktera ili sociologije asocijacija.
A systematic study of politics-technology relation, both of them seen as relatively independent spheres of social reality, begins from mid-twentieth century. In this relatively short period of time, ...several significant theoretical approaches and prob lem circles had crystallized. Systematization and verification of these approaches is the aim of this study. Scientific goal, as well as subject of research, require application of dialectical general method, including the use of hypothetically-deductive, axiomatic, analytically-deductive and comparative scientific methods, and qualitative content analysis as operational method. In order to adequately systematize and evaluate contemporary theoretical thought on politics-technology relation, it is necessary to analyze its conceptual roots. Although some important elements of later theoretical discourses can be found in the ancient Greek thought, the basic framework for consideration of this relationship was posed by Francis Bacon in seventeenth century. After him, many other theorist have influenced the formation of modern theoretical discourse, including philosophers of Enlightenment, as well as Karl Marx and Max Weber who, each in his own way, determined, to a great, the course of later discussion about this problem. In parallel with boundless optimism and a belief in technological progress, identified too often with social progress, appears bleaker interpretation, where autonomy of technology is directly opposed to personal autonomy, and technological progress to progress of mankind. This latter perspective is represented by thinkers of the Frankfurt School, as well as Erich Fromm, Jacques Ellul and Lewis Mumford. Today, there are four dominant theoretical approaches: instrumentalism, technological determinism, socio-centric and systemic. Instrumentalism is based on definition of technology as a means, which implies its political neutrality. Technological determinism postulates, basically, that technology develops independently, and that its development stands as primary determinant of social and political systems. Conversely, socio-centric approach insists that technology develops within society, and that social factors, including political ones, play an important and often decisive role in the final design of technological artifacts. Systemic approach indicates a mutual shaping of politics and technology, or, more precisely, some of their elements. Different theoretical approaches are visible in a study of individual problem circles, such as relationship between technology and power, technology and state, technocracy, and politics in postindustrial or information society. Finally, theoretical thought about politics-technology relation frequently floats between utopia and dystopia, from uncritical enthusiasm for technology and the belief in its ability to transform society and politics in the direction of a better and fairer community, to apocalyptic visions of technology that locks mankind in the “iron cage”. This debate is continuing, and nowadays particularly controversial questions are posed by biotechnologies, global environmental problems and new information technologies. Some aspects of politics-technology relation are well explored in contemporary political theory. It seems, however, that this field still remains at the margins of interest of political scientists – fact that results in some serious problems in theoretical conceptualization. Key difficulties are linking of micro and macro levels of analysis, as well as absence of general theory that tends to explain the relationship between these two social spheres in their totality.
Sistematično proučavanje odnosa između politike i tehnologije kao relativno samostalnih sfera drušvene realnosti počinje tek polovinom dvadesetog veka. U ovom relativno kratkom periodu iskristalisalo se nekoliko značajnih teorijskih pristupa i problemskih krugova čija je sistematizacija i verifikacija cilj ovog rada. Naučni cilj, kao i predmet rada, zahtevaju da se u istraživanju pođe od dijalektičkog opštefilozofskog metoda, uz upotrebu hipotetičko-deduktivnog, aksiomatskog, analitičko-deduktivnog i komparativnog kao opštenaučnih i kvalitativne analize sadržaja kao operativnog metoda. Da bi se savremena teorijska misao o odnosu politike i tehnologije mogla na odgovarajući način sistematizovati i proceniti neophodno je prethodno analizirati njene idejne korene. Iako se neki važni elementi kasnijeg teorijskog diskursa mogu naći već u antici, osnovni okvir za razmatranje ove relacije postavio je Frensis Bekon u sedamnaestom veku. Nakon njega i mnogi drugi autori su svojim idejama uticali na formiranje modernog teorijskog diskursa, uključujući filozofe prosvetiteljstva, kao i Karla Marksa i Maksa Vebera koji su, svaki na svoj način, u velikoj meri odredili tok kasnije diskusije o ovom problemu. Naporedo sa bezgraničnim optimizmom i verom u tehnološki napredak, prečesto identifikovan sa društvenim, javljaju se i sumornija viđenja u kojima se autonomnost tehnologije direktno suprotstavlja autonomiji ličnosti, tehnološki progres progresu čovečanstva. Ovakva perspektiva karakteristična je za pripadnike Frankfurtske škole, Eriha Froma, Žala Elila i Luisa Mamforda. Četiri danas dominantna teorijska pristupa odnosu politike i tehnologije su instrumentalizam, tehnološki determinizam, sociocentrični i sistemski. Instrumentalizam se zasniva na određenju tehnologije kao sredstva, iz čega proizilazi njena politička neutralnost. Osnovni postulat tehnološkog determinizma je da se tehnologija razvija autonomno, i da njen razvoj predstavlja primarnu determinantu društvenog, pa i političkog sistema. Nasuprot tome, sociocentrični pristupi insistiraju na tome da se tehnologija razvija unutar društva, te da društveni faktori, uključujući i političke, igraju važnu i često odlučujuću ulogu u konačnom dizajnu tehnoloških artefakata. Sistemski pristup ukazuje na uzajamno oblikovanje politike i tehnologije, tačnije njihovih pojedinih elemenata. Različiti teorijski pristupi vidljivi su i u proučavanju pojedinih problemskih krugova, kao što su odnos tehnologije i moći, tehnologije i države, tehnokratija, i politika u postindustrijskom odnosno informatičkom društvu. Konačno, teorijska misao o odnosu politike i tehnologije kreće se često između utopije i distopije, to jest od nekritičkog oduševljenja tehnologijom i vere u njenu sposobnost da transformiše društvo i politiku u pravcu bolje i pravednije zajednice, i apokaliptičnih vizija tehnologije koja je celokupno čovečanstvo zatvorila u svoj „gvozdeni kavez“. Ova debata se stalno iznova aktuelizuje, a danas su naročito kontroverzna pitanja koja otvaraju biotehnologije, globalni ekološki problemi i nove informacione tehnologije. Pojedini aspekti odnosa između politike i tehnologije su u savremenoj političkoj teoriji dobro obrađeni. Čini se, međutim, da ova oblast ostaje i dalje na marginama interesovanja politikologa, što je rezultiralo nekim ozbiljnim problemima u teorijskoj konceptualizaciji. Ključne teškoće su povezivanje mikro i makro nivoa analize, kao i nepostojanje opšte teorije koja bi pretendovala da objasni odnos ove dve društvene sfere u njegovom totalitetu.
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