This is the first full-scale anthropometric history of Imperial Russia (1700-1917). It mobilizes an immense volume of archival material to chart the growth, weight, and other anthropometric ...indicators of the male and female populations in order to chart how the standard of living in Russia changed over slightly more than two centuries. It draws on a wide range of data-statistics on agricultural production, taxation, prices and wages, nutrition, and demography-to draw conclusions on the dynamics in the standard of living over this long period of time. The economic, social, and political interpretation of these findings make it possible to reconsider the prevailing views in the historiography and to offer a new perspective on Imperial Russia.
The Changing Body Floud, Roderick; Fogel, Robert W.; Harris, Bernard ...
03/2011
eBook
Humans have become much taller and heavier, and experience healthier and longer lives than ever before in human history. However it is only recently that historians, economists, human biologists and ...demographers have linked the changing size, shape and capability of the human body to economic and demographic change. This fascinating and groundbreaking book presents an accessible introduction to the field of anthropometric history, surveying the causes and consequences of changes in health and mortality, diet and the disease environment in Europe and the United States since 1700. It examines how we define and measure health and nutrition as well as key issues such as whether increased longevity contributes to greater productivity or, instead, imposes burdens on society through the higher costs of healthcare and pensions. The result is a major contribution to economic and social history with important implications for today's developing world and the health trends of the future.
Who is a Native American? And who gets to decide? From genealogists searching online for their ancestors to fortune hunters hoping for a slice of casino profits from wealthy tribes, the answers to ...these seemingly straightforward questions have profound ramifications. The rise of DNA testing has further complicated the issues and raised the stakes. In Native American DNA, Kim TallBear shows how DNA testing is a powerful-and problematic-scientific process that is useful in determining close biological relatives. But tribal membership is a legal category that has developed in dependence on certain social understandings and historical contexts, a set of concepts that entangles genetic information in a web of family relations, reservation histories, tribal rules, and government regulations. At a larger level, TallBear asserts, the "markers" that are identified and applied to specific groups such as Native American tribes bear the imprints of the cultural, racial, ethnic, national, and even tribal misinterpretations of the humans who study them. TallBear notes that ideas about racial science, which informed white definitions of tribes in the nineteenth century, are unfortunately being revived in twenty-first-century laboratories. Because today's science seems so compelling, increasing numbers of Native Americans have begun to believe their own metaphors: "in our blood" is giving way to "in our DNA." This rhetorical drift, she argues, has significant consequences, and ultimately she shows how Native American claims to land, resources, and sovereignty that have taken generations to ratify may be seriously-and permanently-undermined.
Welcome to the special issue on anthropometry! This discussion will cover a range of differently sized topics to fit your interests. De Bruin and Castelluci discuss the problems of designing school ...furniture that fits students, noting that “Regarding School furniture dimensions, students are usually exposed to furniture with fixed dimensions, which makes it almost impossible to adjust to the ‘growing’ anthropometrics along their school life and neither does it accommodate multidimensional fit very well.” Griffin et al. discuss developing an “understanding of body dimensions in relation to how a body functions, moves, and changes” that “is fundamental to creating compatible wearable products” for aging women. Alemany et al. discuss 4D scanning, observing that “This technology is able to capture the human body surface in motion at high frequency with a high resolution” and offers “an enormous potential to advance in ergonomic design and biomechanics.” Bradtmiller describes the “nearly infinite combination of head/facial characteristics” and that “This combination of traits allows us to recognize unique individuals but increases the challenge of designing head and face products that fit a wide variety of individuals with a relatively small number of sizes.”
•SCANNER was created to reduce the limitations of subjective data to estimate waist-to-height ratio.•A high correlation and agreement between the synthetic data and the SCANNER software package was ...identified.•SCANNER is a practical and straightforward tool to replace subjective data.
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To compare the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) agreement between synthetic data and the Smart Computerized Anthropometric NavigatioN and Evaluation Resource (SCANNER) software package.
One hundred and ten 3D digital humans (55 for each sex) were created to obtain synthetic values. WHtR was obtained through the waist circumference and height division, both in centimeters. These data were programmed and obtained directly from the synthetic models. SCANNER v0.01 was coded by the researchers using Matlab. Differences between the objective WHtR and the one the SCANNER software package estimated were quantified using standard errors, Spearman's correlation and the Bland-Altman plot.
Using the Spearman correlation, an agreement level of 0.982 was identified. Using the Bland-Altman plot, the agreement level was high, with a Rho value of 0.983 (95% CI: 0.977–0.988). Finally, when the standard errors were quantified, there was an overall error (between the synthetic data created and the computed one) of 0.49%, being higher in men (0.81%) than in women (0.18%).
The SCANNER software package is a straightforward tool that could facilitate the estimation of WHtR in distance participants or patients.
Background Reactive oxygen species are implicated in the physiopathogenesis of salt-induced hypertension and the C242T polymorphism of the p22-phox gene has been associated with higher superoxide ...production. This study investigated the impact of this polymorphism on the relationship between urinary sodium excretion (USE) and blood pressure levels in an urban Brazilian population. Methods We cross-sectionally evaluated 1,298 subjects from the city of Vitoria-ES, located in the Southeast region of Brazil, by clinical history, physical examination, anthropometry, analysis of laboratory parameters, USE measurement and p22-phox C242T polymorphism genotyping. Results No significant differences in studied parameters were detected between the studied genotype groups (CC vs. CT+TT). Systolic blood pressure exhibited significant correlation with USE only in T allele carriers (r = 0.166; p<0.001), while diastolic blood pressure and hypertension status correlated with USE in both genotypes albeit more weakly in subjects with CC genotype (r = 0.098; p = 0.021 and r = 0.105; p = 0.013, respectively) than in T carriers (r = 0.236; p<0.001 and r = 0.213; p<0.001, respectively). Regression analyses adjusted for confounding factors showed that USE remained independently associated with systolic (p<0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (p<0.001) and hypertension status (p = 0.004) only in T allele carriers. Finally, higher diastolic and systolic blood pressure levels were detected in T allele carriers than in CC genotype individuals in the highest tertile of USE. Conclusions The p22-phox 242T allele is associated with higher blood pressure levels among subjects with higher USE in an urban Brazilian population.
The accurate assessment of total body and regional body circumferences, volumes, and compositions are critical to monitor physical activity and dietary interventions, as well as accurate disease ...classifications including obesity, metabolic syndrome, sarcopenia, and lymphedema. We assessed body composition and anthropometry estimates provided by a commercial 3-dimensional optical (3DO) imaging system compared to criterion measures.
Participants of the Shape Up! Adults study were recruited for similar sized stratifications by sex, age (18–40, 40–60, >60 years), BMI (under, normal, overweight, obese), and across five ethnicities (non-Hispanic NH Black, NH White, Hispanic, Asian, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander). All participants received manual anthropometry assessments, duplicate whole-body 3DO (Styku S100), and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans. 3DO estimates provided by the manufacturer for anthropometry and body composition were compared to the criterion measures using concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and Bland–Altman analysis. Test-retest precision was assessed by root mean square error (RMSE) and coefficient of variation.
A total of 188 (102 female) participants were included. The overall fat free mass (FFM) as measured by DXA (54.1 ± 15.2 kg) and 3DO (55.3 ± 15.0 kg) showed a small mean difference of 1.2 ± 3.4 kg (95% limits of agreement −7.0 to +5.6) and the CCC was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.96–0.98). The CCC for FM was 0.95 (95% CI: 0.94–0.97) and the mean difference of 1.3 ± 3.4 kg (95% CI: −5.5 to +8.1) reflected the difference in FFM measures. 3DO anthropometry and body composition measurements showed high test-retest precision for whole body volume (1.1 L), fat mass (0.41 kg), percent fat (0.60%), arm and leg volumes, (0.11 and 0.21 L, respectively), and waist and hip circumferences (all <0.60 cm). No group differences were observed when stratified by body mass index, sex, or race/ethnicity.
The anthropometric and body composition estimates provided by the 3DO scanner are precise and accurate to criterion methods if offsets are considered. This method offers a rapid, broadly available, and automated method of body composition assessment regardless of body size. Further studies are recommended to examine the relationship between measurements obtained by 3DO scans and metabolic health in healthy and clinical populations.
Anthropometry: Lip - Nose Complex Prasad, N N; Reddy, D VR
Indian journal of plastic surgery,
03/2024, Volume:
34, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
SUMMARY Five hundred normal individuals of different age groups from Andra Pradesh (India) were included in the present study. Various dimentions of the lip-nose complex was measured. The results ...were compared wiill tllat oft~ egroes, Caucasians a..~d Chinese. In the population under study lip-nose complex measurements closely resemble Chinese lip-nose complex measurements in all dimensions except in columellar height, which resembles Caucasians.
Anthropometry is vital to provide design references when seeking proper product fit. Nowadays, 3D anthropometry is widely used to provide more size and shape details for improving product designs. ...However, 3D ear anthropometry is still at an explorative stage, considering the complex ear morphology and other technical obstacles. The proposed research method in this study is applicable to analyse the 3D point cloud of the entire external ear. With the cross-parameterisation technique, the dataset was used to explore the morphological characteristics of the ear. Ear dimensions were automatically extracted and further analysed to explore the gender and symmetry differences using two-way ANOVA. The 3D ear models were investigated through Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The most significant variation was found in the helix and concha region, and the overall ear size is the second important factor determining ear variance. The statistical models were generated as 3D design references for ear-related products.
Practitioner summary: This study revealed the morphological variations of the entire 3D external ear with a parameterised 3D ear dataset. Based on the PCA findings, a set of statistical models were generated as design references for product evaluation digitally or physically.
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