Neutrophils are essential to the homeostatic mission of safeguarding host tissues, responding rapidly and diversely to breaches of the host's barriers to infection, and returning tissues to a sterile ...state. In response to specific stimuli, neutrophils extrude modified chromatin structures decorated with specific cytoplasmic and granular proteins called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Several pathways lead to this unique form of cell death (NETosis). Extracellular chromatin may have evolved to defend eukaryotic organisms against infection, and its release has at least three functions: trapping and killing of microbes, amplifying immune responses, and inducing coagulation. Here we review neutrophil development and heterogeneity with a focus on NETs, NET formation, and their relevance in host defense and disease.
In response to specific stimuli, neutrophils extrude extracellular traps (NETs), modified chromatin structures decorated with cytoplasmic and granular proteins. NETs trap and kill microbes, amplify immune responses, and induce coagulation. In this Review, Sollberger et al. examine neutrophil development, focusing on NETs and their role in host defense and disease.
Contaminants removal is usually becoming an exciting subject of research from water considering their environmental and ecological effects. This work provides pathways to remove organic pollutants ...from water via nanomaterials and is used as an antibiotic against bacteria like Escherichia coli (E. coli). In this study, molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) and yttrium (Y) doped (2 and 4%) MoO3 nanorods were synthesized by co-precipitation method. Advanced characterization techniques have been introduced to study textural structures, morphological developments, and optical characteristics of produced products. X-ray diffraction studied multiple crystalline structures of prepared samples as hexagonal, orthorhombic, and monoclinic of pure MoO3 with decrease in crystallinity and crystallite size upon Y doping. UV–visible spectroscopy unveiled a redshift (bathochromic effect) in absorption pattern attributed to band gap energy (Eg) decreases. Photoluminescence spectra examined the recombination rate of electrons (e−) and holes (h+) as charge carriers. A sufficient catalytic activity (CA) was observed against methylene blue (MB) dye in an acidic medium (99.74%) and efficient bactericidal action was studied against (E. coli) with zone of inhibition (5.20 mm) for 4% Y-doped MoO3. In addition, in silico docking demonstrated potential inhibitory effect of produced nanomaterials on FabH and FabI enzymes of fatty acid biosynthesis.
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•The removal of organic pollutants from water using nanomaterials was studied.•MoO3 and Y doped MoO3 nanorods were prepared by co-precipitation technique.•Significant catalytic activity was observed for 4% Y-doped MoO3•Y-doped MoO3 nanorods as possible inhibitors of FabH and FabI enzymes
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•Fluorescent CQDs was successfully synthesized from CMC by infrared technique.•CQDs showed two intense FL peaks at 415–445 nm, with intensity of 490.•Fluorescent/antimicrobial cotton ...was obtained by treatment with CQDs.•CQDs@Q-cotton exhibited good durability as FL intensity was 417 after 5 washings.•Against E. coli, ZI diameter for CQDs@Q-cotton diminished from 21.0 to 17.0 mm, after 5 washings.
Carbon quantum dots “CQDs” were investigated as photo-luminescent nanomaterials as it advantageous with nontoxicity to be alternative for metallic-nanomaterials in different purposes. Therefore, the presented report demonstrates an innovative strategy for industrialization of antimicrobial/fluorescent cotton textiles via exploitation of “CQDs”. Unique/novel infrared-assisted technique was currently investigated for clustering “CQDs” form carboxymethyl cellulose. The successive nucleation of “CQDs” (8.0 nm) was affirmed via infra-red, Raman spectroscopy, NMR, TEM and Zeta-potential analysis. The clustered “CQDs” showed antimicrobial and fluorescent characters. The minimal inhibition concentration for “CQDs” (100 mg/mL) against E. coli and C. albicans showed pathogenic reduction of 96% and 82%, respectively. Fluorescent emission spectra for “CQDs” showed two intense peaks at 415–445 nm. “CQDs” were loaded upon pristine and cationized cotton to prepare CQDs@cotton and CQDs@cationized cotton. While, their physical/mechanical properties (air and water vapor permeabilities, tensile strength and elongation %) and thermal stability (TGA & DTG analysis) were studied. The CQDs@cationized cotton exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity with good durability as after ten repretitive washings, inhibition zone diameter against E. coli, was diminished from 21.0 mm to 14.0 mm. The fluorescent emmision intensity was diminished from 741 to 287 after 10 washing cycles. The produced cotton fabrics could be safely used in the medical and military textiles.
The primary emphasis of this study was on the innovative and scientifically valuable hydrothermal synthesis of MIL-101(Co) as a metal-organic framework (MOF) material. Subsequently, the CuFe2O4 was ...incorporated into the MOF by a reduction-precipitation technique. The SrTiO3/CuFe2O4/MIL-101(Co) composite was synthesized by using hydrothermal in situ growth process. The XRD and FESEM investigations of the SrTiO3/CuFe2O4/MIL-101(Co) composite definitively verified its crystalline structure and proved its production with exact shape and dimensions. The data indicated that Candida albicans displayed the greatest vulnerability to all three produced materials, with reported Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values of 500 µg mL−1 for MIL-101(Co). The CuFe2O4/MIL-101(Co) compound, when produced, exhibits MIC values of 200 µg mL−1. Additionally, the combination of CuFe2O4/MIL-101(Co) with SrTiO3, shows MIC values of 50 µg mL−1. The results also indicated that the MIC values for MIL-101(Co), and CuFe2O4/MIL-101(Co) against S. aureus were 100 µg mL−1. Ultimately, SrTiO3/CuFe2O4/MIL-101(Co) exhibited identical MIC values of 50 µg mL−1 against S. aureus. The concentration of the bacterial protein was increased by adding MIL-101(Co), CuFe2O4/MIL-101(Co), and SrTiO3/CuFe2O4/MIL-101(Co). The antibacterial capabilities of the SrTiO3/CuFe2O4/MIL-101(Co) were increased after being subjected to gamma doses of 100.0 kGy. This process paves a ways for manufacturing innovation in near future.
•The SrTiO3/CuFe2O4/MIL-101(Co) composite was simply synthesized.•The SrTiO3/CuFe2O4/MIL-101(Co) exhibits the highest susceptibility versus C. albicans.•The MIC values of SrTiO3/CuFe2O4/MIL-101(Co) are 50.0 µg mL−1 against S. aureus.•The antimicrobial activity of the SrTiO3/CuFe2O4/MIL-101(Co) was enhanced by 100.0 kGy of gamma ray irradiation.
The intricate balance of intestinal microbiota is significantly influenced by the pivotal role of indigenous lactic acid bacteria (LAB). These LAB not only contribute to antimicrobial activity and ...enhance animal health and productivity but also serve as defense against intestinal infections. In the present study, the probiotic potential of LAB strains isolated from various intestinal sections of adult and young guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) was comprehensively assessed. Strains belonging to the genera Ligilactobacillus, Weissella, Enterococcus, and Limosilactobacillus were also identified. The antibacterial activities of the LAB strains against Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus were quantified. Exopolysaccharide production, adherence capacity, antibiotic resistance, and bile salt tolerance (0.15 %, 0.30 %, and 0.45 %) of LAB were quantified. Further analyses focused on the effects of pH (2.9, 5.0, 6.4, and 7.4), temperature (40, 50, and 60 °C) and NaCl concentrations (3.5 % and 6.5 % w/v) on LAB growth. Strains GCI9 and GDE10 (Ligilactobacillus salivarius), isolated from the cecum and intestine of guinea pigs, exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against S. typhimurium, E. coli and S. aureus. Remarkable adherence capacity to porcine gastric mucin was demonstrated by L. salivarius strains, specifically ACI1, GCI9, and GDE10, with the highest exopolysaccharide levels produced by ACI1 and GCI9 (1.71 and 1.76 mg/mL, respectively). The probiotic potential was further underscored by remarkable bile salt tolerance, especially in strain GDE10, and substantial exopolysaccharide production. These strains displayed notable adaptability to varying environmental conditions, including NaCl concentrations at 3.5 % and 6.5 %, temperatures ranging from 40 to 60 °C, and pH levels of 2.9, 5.0, 6.4, and 7.4. This comprehensive assessment of the probiotic properties of L. salivarius strains, particularly ACI1, GCI9, and GDE10, shows promise for the development of probiotic formulations aimed at enhancing the intestinal health of guinea pigs.
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) used in this study were synthesized using pu-erh tea leaves extract with particle size of 4.06 nm. The antibacterial activity of green synthesized AgNPs against a diverse ...range of Gram-negative foodborne pathogens was determined using disk diffusion method, resazurin microtitre-plate assay (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration test (MBC). The MIC and MBC of AgNPs against
,
,
Typhimurium, and
Enteritidis were 7.8, 3.9, 3.9, 3.9 and 7.8, 3.9, 7.8, 3.9 μg/mL, respectively. Time-kill curves were used to evaluate the concentration between MIC and bactericidal activity of AgNPs at concentrations ranging from 0×MIC to 8×MIC. The killing activity of AgNPs was fast acting against all the Gram-negative bacteria tested; the reduction in the number of CFU mL
was >3 Log
units (99.9%) in 1-2 h. This study indicates that AgNPs exhibit a strong antimicrobial activity and thus might be developed as a new type of antimicrobial agents for the treatment of bacterial infection including multidrug resistant bacterial infection.
•Amino functionalized graphene quantum dots were prepared and doped into a dual-network hydrogel.•The composite hydrogel exhibited excellent antibacterial activity.•The composite hydrogel possessed ...good biocompatibility.
Bacterial infections seriously impair wound healing, so the development of wound dressings with high antimicrobial activity is of critical importance. In this study, amino functionalized graphene quantum dots (His-GQDs) were prepared via thermal pyrolysis of citric acid and histidine, and doped into a dual-network gelatin/sodium alginate (His-GQDs/G/SA) hydrogel to improve the antibacterial activity. The His-GQDs/G/SA hydrogel exhibited excellent antibacterial activity after 6 h of contact with bacteria. Simultaneously, the composite hydrogel could effectively alleviate the cytotoxicity of His-GQDs. The results of antimicrobial and biocompatibility tests demonstrate that the His-GQDs/G/SA dual-network hydrogel is a promising wound dressing to promote healing of infected wounds.
Styrylquinoline-based fluorophores 1–10 were synthesized via Knoevenagel and Pfitzinger reactions. The molecules were fully characterized and studied for the impact of their substitution patterns ...(A-D) on their optical and bioactivity properties. With exception of nitro substituted compounds 9-D and 10-D, all compounds were fluorescent in solution with a significant solvatochromic behavior measured in toluene, dioxane, tetrahydrofurane, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, acetonitrile, isopropanol, and methanol. The maximum wavelength of their emission ranged from 408 to 539 nm. Additionally, there was a significant variation in the photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield concerning different solvent polarities. The PL quantum yields ranged from small values, such as 1.7 % in methanol for compound 1-A, to good PL quantum yields, such as 44.4 % in dioxane for 7-C. For comparison, the quantum yield of 7-C in methanol was 3.3 %, a total range variation of 41.1 %. 4-B and 5-B with O-acetyl groups at ortho and at para position to the CC double bond, respectively, presented an interesting acidochromism with a redshift of about 102 nm in their emission bands along with a visible emitted color change from blue to green. In addition, the antimicrobial activity for all compounds and the theoretical mechanism of action of the more significant bioactive compounds were investigated. In inverse virtual screening studies, the enzymes Dehydrosqualene synthase and Squalene synthase were indicated as putative biological targets for 3-B and 4-B. Molecular docking indicated the amino acid residues critical for interaction in bacteria and fungi.
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•Carboxylic acid functionalized styrylquinolines 1–10 were synthesized and characterized.•Styrylquinolines show PL emission from violet to green with notable solvatochromism.•O-acetyl substituted compounds exhibit acidochromic properties with distinguishable color changes from blue to green.•Styrylquinolines are good antimicrobial agents with light emission capabilities.•Biological targets for O-acetyl styrylquinolines by computational studies are described.
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