In this paper, for the first time, it is studied the synergetic properties of two different grades of nanocelluloses with different chemical compositions (cellulose nanofibrils-CNF with less than 1% ...of lignin and lignocellulose nanofibrils-LCNF with 16% of lignin). CNF and LCNF were mixed in different ratios to obtain bi-component films. Their performance in terms of transparency, bioactivity, thermo-mechanical and gas barrier properties was evaluated and compared with the performance of the neat CNF films. The presence of LCNF in the formulations conferred antioxidant and UV blocking properties to the films, as well as improved mechanical and barrier properties. Specifically, the incorporation of 25% LCNF to the CNF films increased the mechanical properties (94% increase in tensile stress and a 414% increase in strain at break) and decreased the water vapor transmission rate by 16% and the oxygen transmission rate by 53%. This performance improvement was attributed to the coexistence of nanocelluloses with different chemical composition and morphology. LCNF contributed to increment the interfacial adhesion between cellulose nanofibrils due to the presence of lignin and promote the creation of more tortuous paths for gas molecules. These synergetic properties shown by the CNF/LCNF bi-component films demonstrate high potential to be used as gas barrier packaging solutions.
•CNF and LCNF from residual biomass are used to produce bicomponent nanocellulose films.•LCNF conferred UV-blocking and antioxidant properties to the films.•LCNF presence improved flexibility and tensile strength of CNF films.•All developed bicomponent films display better gas barrier properties than CNF films.•CNF/LCNF formulations have higher potential to be used as barrier coatings/films than CNF.
•To synthesis the cerium oxide nanoparticles using different sources.•Biomedical applications of cerium oxide nanoparticles.•Applications of cerium oxide nanoparticles in toxicity studies.
A cerium ...oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria) has a wide range of applications in different fields, especially biomedical division. As a matter of concern, it has a major impact on the human health and environment. The aim of this review is to address the different ways of synthesis of nanoceria using chemical and green synthesis methods and characterization and the applications of nanoceria for antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial activities and toxicological studies including the most recent studies carried out in vivo and in vitro to study the problems. We have exclusively discussed on the toxicology of nanoceria exposed to the general public along with recent advances in the studies of antimicrobial, toxicity and anti-oxidant activity.
Phenolic compounds and biopotential (antioxidant, cellular antioxidant and cytotoxic activity) of grape pomace (GP) skin, seed, stem and whole GP originating from indigenous red grape variety ...Prokupac were evaluated. The UHPLC-Orbitrap MS4 analysis showed the presence of 75 phenolic compounds (57 non-anthocyanins and 18 anthocyanins), among which considerable content of ethyl gallate was observed and malvidin-3-O-hexoside-(8,8)-methylmethyne-(epi)catechin was identified. The stem had significant content of stilbenoids. The GP seed and the whole GP showed the highest antioxidant activity estimated by ABTS•+ DPPH• and H2O2 scavenging assays that were strongly correlated with the presence of flavan-3-ols, phenolic acids and ethyl gallate. The GP skin exerted cellular antioxidant activity on adenocarcinoma cells (EC50 = 56.4 mg TPCs/mL) which was strongly correlated with the presence of flavonols and anthocyanins. These by-products of Prokupac red grape variety are a notable source of phenolic compounds with good antioxidant activity that can be extensively used in food and pharmaceutical industry.
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•Seventy five phenolic compounds were quantified in grape pomace of Prokupac variety.•Considerable amount of ethyl gallate was observed in the grape pomace extracts.•The stem contained significant amount of stilbenoids.•The seed and whole pomace showed the highest radicals and H2O2 scavenging activities.•The extracts of grape pomace skin exerted the cellular antioxidant activity.
The study evaluates caesium, potassium, silver, and zinc tungstophosphates synthesized in bulk and Y zeolite-supported forms through a two-step process. Spectral investigation reveals the impact of ...cation size on tungstophosphates formation. The large cations form ion-ion interaction with the Keggin ion, while smaller cations form hydrogen bonds between the cation hydration sphere and terminal oxygens in the Keggin ion. Supported salts formation proceeds without Keggin ion distortion. Zeta potential showed the absence of particle aggregation for caesium and potassium tungstophosphate. Nicosulfuron removal by the supported salt exhibits enhanced retention, with the exception observed for zinc tungstophosphate suggesting a decomposition mechanism. Antimicrobial evaluations reveal silver salt's potency, especially in zeolite-supported form, emphasizing the role of zeolite support. In the presence of pesticide molecules, the antimicrobial activity of salts lowers, with the exception seen for fungus strain. The antioxidant assessments demonstrate superior inhibition for insoluble bulk salts, with caesium tungstophosphate exhibiting the highest inhibition, while supported silver salt enhances bulk salt performance. The presence of pesticides affects both antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, while a complex relationship with radical scavenging ability in bulk and supported salts is independent of their pesticide adsorption capacities. The study broadens the range of the versatile applications of tungstophosphates, highlighting their specific interactions with pesticides and their impact on bioactivity and environmental remediation.
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•Cs, K, Ag, and Zn-tungstophosphate synthesized in bulk and Y zeolite-supported forms.•Ion-ion interaction and hydrogen bonds with Keggin ion are influenced by cation size.•Nicosulfuron removal by the supported salts is enhanced compared to bulk forms.•Potent antimicrobial activity of silver salt, especially in zeolite-supported form.•Significant influence of nicosulfuron on antimicrobial and antioxidant activities.
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•The role of thermal processing in bioactive components was discussed.•Suitable processing methods should be used to retain the antioxidant compounds.•Bioaccessibility of polyphenols ...would change through thermal processing.•Maintaining a balance between product quality and antioxidants is crucial.
Research on the content of polyphenolic compounds in fruits and vegetables, the extraction of bioactive compounds, and the study of their impact on the human body has received growing attention in recent years. This is due to the great interest in bioactive compounds and their health benefits, resulting in increased market demand for natural foods. Bioactive compounds from plants are generally categorized as natural antioxidants with health benefits such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-carcinogenic, etc. Thermal processing has been used in the food sector for a long history. Implementing different thermal processing methods could be essential in retaining the quality of the natural antioxidant compounds in plant-based foods. A comprehensive review is presented on the effects of thermal blanching (i.e., hot water, steam, superheated steam impingement, ohmic and microwave blanching), pasteurization, and sterilization and drying technologies on natural antioxidants in fruits and vegetables.
Ionic liquids (ILs) have many beneficial properties that are extensively used in various fields. Despite their utility, the phytotoxic aspects of ILs are poorly known. This is especially true at the ...transcriptomic level and the role of nitric oxide (NO) in this process. Herein, we studied the mechanism by which endogenous NO reduces the toxicity of ILs in Arabidopsis. We examined the effects of two imidazolium-based ILs (IILs) on three Arabidopsis lines, each characterized by distinct endogenous NO levels, using a combination of physiological and transcriptomics methods. IILs impaired seed germination, seedling development, chlorophyll content, and redox homeostasis in Arabidopsis. Notably, 1,3-dibutyl imidazole bromide had greater toxicity than 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride. Nox1, a mutant with an elevated NO level, had enhanced resistance, while nia1nia2, a mutant with a diminished NO level, had increased susceptibility compared to the wild type. RNA sequencing results suggested that NO mitigates IILs-induced phytotoxicity by modulating the metabolism of chlorophyll and secondary metabolites, and by bolstering the antioxidant defense system. These findings illustrate the complex molecular networks that respond to IIL stress and reveal the potential of endogenous NO as a mitigating factor in plant stress physiology.
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•Ionic liquids (ILs) can impair the growth of Arabidopsis.•Nitric oxide (NO) enhances the tolerance of Arabidopsis upon ILs stress.•NO modulates the metabolism of chlorophyll and many secondary metabolites.•NO activates the antioxidant defense system upon ILs stress.
This study provides a comprehensive chemical characterization of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) pomace subjected to hydrolysis using carbohydrases (xylanase, cellulase and Extralyve®). Blueberry ...pomace obtained from the juice industry represents a rich source of insoluble dietary fiber, which holds potential for the liberation of oligosaccharides and phenolic compounds. Oligosaccharides were determined using HPLC-RID and change in phenolics were monitored by HPLC-DAD and HPLC-ESI-MS. Out of three enzymatic preparations, Extralyve®, which represents a commercial blend of xylanase, cellulase and polygalacturonase, demonstrated high hydrolytic activity towards the insoluble fiber present in blueberry pomace. This reduction led to an increased concentration of oligosaccharides, peaking after 2 h of hydrolysis (59.8 mg/g). Additionally, the levels of phenolic acids and non-anthocyanin flavonoids reached their maximum after 4 h of hydrolysis (1.22 mg/g), enhancing the antioxidant capacity of the hydrolyzed product (FRAP and ABTS assays). Finally, phenolic extracts from treated and untreated blueberry pomace were tested to evaluate cytotoxic potential in cell viability assays (MTT) using gastric carcinoma (NCI–N87) and two colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2 and HT29-MTX) cells. Extracts obtained from Extralyve® treatment, rich in isorhamnetin, quercetin and kaempferol, resulted in interesting antiproliferative actions compared with the other treated and untreated samples.
•Carbohydrases broke down the insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) present in blueberry pomace (BP).•The combination of enzymes facilitated the release of phenolic acids and non-anthocyanin flavonoids.•The release of phenolics enhances the antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of blueberry pomace (BP) extracts.•The breakdown of insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) led to an increased generation of oligosaccharides.
This study aimed to enhance the antioxidant activity of carboxymethyl inulin (CMI) by chemical modification. Therefore, a series of cationic Schiff bases bearing heteroatoms were synthesized and ...incorporated into CMI via ion exchange reactions, ultimately preparing 10 novel CMI derivatives (CMID). Their structures were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The radical scavenging activities and reducing power of inulin, CMI, and CMID were studied. The results revealed a significant enhancement in antioxidant activity upon the introduction of cationic Schiff bases into CMI. Compared to commercially available antioxidant Vc, CMID demonstrated a broader range of antioxidant activities across the four antioxidant systems analyzed in this research. In particular, CMID containing quinoline (6QSCMI) exhibited the strongest hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, with a scavenging rate of 93.60 % at 1.6 mg mL−1. The CMID bearing imidazole (2MSCMI) was able to scavenge 100 % of the DPPH radical at 1.60 mg mL−1. Furthermore, cytotoxicity experiments showed that the products had good biocompatibility. These results are helpful for evaluating the feasibility of exploiting these products in the food, biomedical, and cosmetics industries.
Cellular Antioxidant Activity of Common Fruits Wolfe, Kelly L; Kang, Xinmei; He, Xiangjiu ...
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,
09/2008, Volume:
56, Issue:
18
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Measurement of antioxidant activity using biologically relevant assays is important in the screening of fruits for potential health benefits. The cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) assay quantifies ...antioxidant activity in cell culture and was developed to meet the need for a more biologically representative method than the popular chemistry antioxidant capacity measures. The objective of the study was to determine the cellular antioxidant activity, total phenolic contents, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values of 25 fruits commonly consumed in the United States. Pomegranate and berries (wild blueberry, blackberry, raspberry, and blueberry) had the highest CAA values, whereas banana and melons had the lowest. Apples were found to be the largest contributors of fruit phenolics to the American diet, and apple and strawberries were the biggest suppliers of cellular antioxidant activity. Increasing fruit consumption is a logical strategy to increase antioxidant intake and decrease oxidative stress and may lead to reduced risk of cancer.
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