A luminescent mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) was synthesized by mixing 502 glue of the evo-bond brand (EVOB) and {Eu2(TDC)3(CH3OH)2·(CH3OH)}n micro-powder (Eu-TDC, where TDC is ...thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylate). The as-fabricated Eu-TDC MMMs has good stability and exhibits characteristic red emission of Eu3+ in aqueous solutions. The Eu-TDC MMMs as a sensor can efficiently detect nitroimidazole antibiotics (NIABs) in aqueous system due to its excellent luminescent stability. Significantly, the Eu-TDC MMMs is not affected by the other antibiotics or ions when detecting NIABs in original water, and shows lower limits of detection (0.58 μg mL-1 for metronidazole and 0.51 μg mL-1 for dimetridazole) with a wider linear range. The possible response mechanism based on inner filter effect is discussed in detail. What's more, the membrane sensor can be handily reused only by immersed in tap water with bare luminescence intensity loss, demonstrates an unusual instant reusable performance with simple recover method. This lanthanide complex luminescent MMMs sensor will be expected to application in detecting NIABs in biological and environmental systems.
Nitroimidazoles antibiotics (NIABs); β-lactams (BLAs); chloramphenicols (CAPs); sulfonamides (SAAs). Display omitted
•This luminescent thin film sensor is prepared via facile solvent-casting method.•This sensor has high selection, sensition, stability and reusability for detecting nitroimidazoles.•The detection limits are lower than that of the traditional methods even in real-time.
A composite coating composed of high temperature resistant fillers, resin and curing agent was fabricated to protect carbon steel from corrosion in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution and high temperature ...environment. In this work, the modification filler K-ZrP was prepared through the intercalation of α‑zirconium phosphate (α-ZrP) and the modification of KH550, which avoids the accumulation of filler during the preparation of coating, that is, the filler is evenly distributed in the coating. At different temperature (room temperature, 90 °C and 140 °C), the EP/K4 coating referring to the epoxy coating containing 4 wt% K-ZrP filler shows good corrosion resistance performance, which is reflected in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and salt spray experiment. In particular, after soaking in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution at 140 °C for 7 days, the EP/K4 coating remained intact, while the other two comparison samples (EP, EP/α4 coatings which refers to the epoxy coating containing 4 wt% α-ZrP) are completely destroyed, the reason is that the microstructure of modified α-ZrP has better compatibility with epoxy resin. The “wooden ear”-like structure and functional groups guaranteed that K-ZrP could distribute uniformly in the system, fill the defects, block the corrosion medium, and most importantly, keep the nonliquidity property of coating under high temperature by forming skeleton structure of nanoparticle stack. Under this condition, the anti-corrosion performance of composite coatings could be improved. The microstructure of the skeleton structure formed by composite coatings in high-temperature corrosive media is more difficult to damage than that of pure epoxy coating.
•A new anti-corrosion coating suitable for high temperature environment was designed.•A novel structure of “wooden ear” shaped α-ZrP greatly enhance corrosion resistance of the EP coating.•The filler is used to strengthen the physical shield of the coating and the temperature-resistant support framework of the coating.
Pyriclobenzuron 11PBU – pyriclobenzuron.(PBU) is a novel molluscicide developed to control Pomacea canaliculate, and little information on its environmental fate has been published. In this study, ...the photolysis of PBU in an aqueous environment was simulated using a xenon lamp. Results showed that the photolysis of PBU in water followed first-order kinetics, exhibiting a t0.5 of 95.1 h and 83.6 h in Milli-Q water and river water, respectively. Two main photolysis products 22PPs – photolysis products.(PPs) were detected by HPLC-UV and identified by UPLC-Q/TOF MS, which were formed via the hydroxylation and photocatalytic hydro-dehalogenation of PBU, respectively. The initial relative abundance of photolysis product 1 33PP-1 – photolysis product 1.(PP-1) in Milli-Q water was 1.55 times higher than that in river water. PP-1 was detected at 26.5 % and 76.8 % of the maximum relative abundance in the river water and Milli-Q water after 720 h, respectively. Photolysis product 2 44PP-2 – photolysis product 2.(PP-2) was stable in water because of its weak hydrophilicity. The PP-2 detected after 720 h in Milli-Q water and river water was 93.7 % and 93.5 % of the maximum relative abundance, respectively. Finally, ECOSAR software was used to evaluate the acute aquatic toxicity of PBU and its PPs, revealing that the PPs had lower toxicity levels to non-target aquatic organisms.
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•Photolysis t0.5 values of PBU in two aqueous environments were 95.1 h and 83.6 h.•The photolysis pathways of PBU were hydroxylation and hydro-dehalogenation.•PP-2 was more stable than PP-1 in aqueous environments.•ECOSAR predicted that aquatic toxicity of PPs was lower than that of PBU.
The application of phase change materials (PCMs) to improve the efficiency of solar energy has been widely studied. However, most composite PCMs can only maintain high photothermal conversion ...performance in solid phase environment. To expand the application range of PCM in solar energy field, a flexible composite film which can stably exist in both solid and aqueous environments was prepared. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the temperature control core, hydroxyl boron nitride nanosheets (HO-BNNS) and carboxy-rich carbon (RHTC) as the thermally conductive filler and high photothermal converter, respectively, and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as the flexible supporting material. RHTC/HO-BNNS, as a key bridge, forms a thermal conductivity and photothermal conversion network in the composite film, making its photothermal conversion storage efficiency up to 92.1%, and its thermal conductivity 4 times higher than that of pure PEG. Together with the excellent mechanical strength (2.35 MPa), composite film can be operate at night solar evaporators. It can both improve the effective utilization of solar energy and accelerate the progress of seawater desalination, providing a new idea for expanding the application of PCM.
•VRBP composites has excellent light absorption ability in both solid and aqueous phase environments.•The mechanical strength of VRBP composites can reach 2.35 MPa.•VRBP composites can be used to all-weather interfacial solar steam generators.
In this paper, amphiphilic hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticles were modified by dibutyl phosphate (DBP) via covalent bonding. The modified HAP particles (m-HAP) were employed as building blocks to ...construct oil-in-water (O/W) Pickering emulsion, that displayed an excellent performance on the enrichment of organic pollutants dissolved in wastewater by extracting the organic molecules into the oil phase. Environment-friendly organic solvent hexanol was selected as oil phase and three types of monochlorophenol (2-chlorophenol, 3-chlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol) were chosen as model pollutants in simulated wastewater. Two types of natural water were also tested as a proof of principle. The enrichment percentage of chlorophenols was up to 98% in 140 s, following first order kinetics. Thermodynamic study suggested that the enrichment process is spontaneous and exothermic. The external environment of the protocells, such as pH, ionic strength and the natural organic matter have been investigated. This study provides a novel, convenient and environment-friendly approach for enrichment and removal of trace organic pollutants in wastewater.
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•A novel approach for enrichment of trace organic pollutants by protocells prepared from modified HAP nanomaterials.•Extremely speed and huge capacity of enrichment was achieved by self-assembled protocells.•Super anti-interference ability on the enrichment of chlorophenols.
In this work, the influence of supporting electrolytes (sodium sulfate and sodium chloride) on the electrochemical oxidation of the antihypertensive drug losartan (LOS) was studied under different ...operating conditions such as current density (4.1–12.5 mA cm−2), electrolyte concentration (0.05–0.5 M), initial pollutant concentration (250–1000 μg L−1) and solution pH. The role of cathodes on the removal of LOS has been investigated using five different cathodes with carbonaceous cathodes showing better LOS removal. The effect of matrix composition has been studied using simulated water spiked with various constituents and real water matrices such as bottled water (BW) and wastewater (WW). The removal of LOS was pronounced while using a chloride electrolyte as compared to the sulfate electrolyte. The apparent rate constant increased on adding persulfate (PS) up to concentrations of 150 mg L−1 and decreased in the presence of bicarbonates and organic matter. The transformation products (TPs) formed during the electrochemical oxidation depended on the supporting electrolyte and two common TPs were identified in both electrolytes with a total of 4 TPs identified in the chloride medium and 7 TPs in the sulfate medium. Degradation pathways for LOS in both electrolytes have also been proposed.
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•Impact of cathodes on the electrochemical oxidation of losartan.•Effect of the electrolyte on the degradation pathway and by-products formed.•Influence of operating parameters and real water matrices on the pollutant removal.•Combined effect of electrochemical oxidation and persulfate activation.
•A resorcinarene-based CHMPCR sensor was synthesised by green method.•The sensor was selectively sense Fe(III) and Cu(II) ions by UV absorption and fluorescence method.•Binding mechanism was verified ...by 1H NMR, HRMS and FESEM.•CHMPCR is suitable for real water analysis.
Adverse effect of iron and copper on aquatic life, motivates us to developed an easy, cost-effective and simple method for sensing Fe3+ and Cu2+ ions. Herein, we represent green, simple and one step method to synthesis C-4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylcalix4Resorcinarene (CHMPCR) probe. The CHMPCR owns large number of coordinating groups (-OH and –OCH3), makes it as good candidate for metal ion sensing. The probe exhibited selective and sensitive ratiometric UV absorption/ fluorescence sensor for Fe3+ and Cu2+ ions, over the wide range of other metal ions in DMSO: water (7: 3 v/v) solution. The CHMPCR displays LOD of Fe3+ (1.47 µM) and Cu2+ (1.99 µM) by UV-absorption, however Fe3+ (12.14 µM) and Cu2+ (16.98 µM) through fluorescence approach. CHMPCR possessed 1:1 stoichiometry with Fe3+ and Cu2+ ions proved from Benesi-Hildebrand plot, 1H NMR and HRMS. The developed probe was well employed for ratiometric detection of Fe3+ and Cu2+ ions.
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•Emitted SDOC is far more than biochar-released DOC after biomass pyrolysis.•The characteristics of SDOC are dominated by the <1000 Da fraction.•SDOC has a smaller molecular size than DOC in biochar, ...natural water, and soil.•The fluorescence features of SDOC are very different from those of DOC in other media.•SDOC significantly enhances the water-solubility of hydrophobic pollutants.
Dissolved organic carbon derived from biomass-pyrogenic smoke (SDOC) can be transported and deposited with atmospheric aerosols, enter aqueous environments, and possibly alter aqueous chemistry and quality. However, the characteristics of SDOC in aqueous environments and their effects on the fate of hydrophobic organic pollutants are poorly understood. In this study, we found that the emitted SDOC is 7.2∼19.6 wt.% of biochar retained in situ after biomass pyrolysis, and the emitted SDOC is approximately 1–3 orders of magnitude greater than dissolved organic carbon (DOC) released from biochar in a short term, which indicates that SDOC is a more important source of DOC in aqueous environments relative to biochar-released DOC after a biomass burning/pyrolysis event. The characteristics of SDOC in aqueous environments are dominated by the <1000 Da fraction, which accounts for >96 wt.% of bulk SDOC. In comparison with DOC in biochar, natural water, and soil, the S275–295 value of SDOC (0.037–0.053) is significantly greater, further indicating that SDOC has a smaller molecular size. Moreover, fluorescence EEM suggests that a fluorescence component located at the Ex/Em of 205/310 nm and the combinational ranges of fluorescence index (1.28–2.28), humification index (0.07–0.80), and biological index (1.16–1.72) can be used to identify SDOC from DOC in other media. Solubilization experiments indicated that SDOC (20 mg/L) improved the solubility of hydrophobic pollutants (pyrene and triclocarban) by 2–6 folds in aqueous environments, which potentially enhances the mobility of pollutants and enlarges the potential risk region. This study indicates that SDOC may cause a severe harm to aqueous environments in addition to the atmosphere. The results have profound implications for comprehensive assessments of the environmental effects of SDOC while promoting its identification and elucidating its behavior in aqueous environments.
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