Several aspects of the forest carbon cycle have not been examined in detail, including sources of variation in carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) emissions from coarse woody material (CWM). To address this ...knowledge gap, we examined CO.sub.2 emissions from Acer saccharum Marshall logs within four harvesting treatments, using closed chambers fitted to the logs. We found that CO.sub.2 emissions were highest for logs in small (31.8 + or - 20.4 micromolCO.sub.2m.sup.- 3s.sup.-1) and large gaps (29.6 + or - 24.4 micromolCO.sub.2m.sup.-3s.sup.-1) compared to those in control (13.9 + or - 8.3 micromolCO.sub.2m.sup.-3s.sup.-1) and thinned matrix (13.6 + or - 8.0 micromolCO.sub.2m.sup.-3 s.sup.-1) treatments. CO.sub.2 flux rates did not differ between gap sizes, but they increased with temperature, which was higher in the small gap treatment. In addition, two individual logs fitted with multiple closed chambers revealed significant within-log variability in CO.sub.2 emissions. On a subset of logs repeatedly sampled throughout the day, we found that log surface temperature generally peaked at midday and was positively correlated with CO.sub.2 emissions, although this relationship was weak in one log. This study provides insight into sources of variation in CO.sub.2 emissions from CWM while improving our understanding of the forest carbon cycle.
The aim of this paper is to provide new data on forest management and arboricultural practices in the Roman and Late Antique periods in the north-eastern Iberian Peninsula. In this study, the ...waterlogged branches found in three wells at the sites of Iesso and Vilauba in the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula were analysed. To determine management practices the roundwood method, based on the correlation between age and diameter, has been applied. The study has revealed the presence of a wide range of species collected on surrounding forests, especially in riparian forest. Moreover, it is remarkable the abundance of fruit trees at both sites, being the most abundant Prunus sp. The comparison of the archaeological branches with a reference collection of modern twigs from cultivated and non-managed individuals of the Prunaceae family, Salix sp. and Sambucus nigra, has provided clear evidence of management practices in these taxa. In addition, direct evidence of pruning was observed on some branches of Vitis vinifera.
(1) Background: In Japan, single-tree selection-cutting silviculture with hiba (Thujopsis dolabrata var. hondai) is a traditional silvicultural system and is well documented. We evaluated an ...experimental forest regarding past structural dynamics and future development while comparing it to the German multilayer coniferous “Plenterwald/plenter forest”. (2) Methods: Classical growth and yield data were recorded since 1995 from two hiba-mixed species plots, one managed since Matsukawa’s (the founder) times in 1931 and the other unmanaged since 40–50 years before 1931. (3) Results: Clear structural differences appeared, with the managed plot having a reverse J-shaped DBH and tree height distribution curve, and a higher percentage of hiba, also typical for German plenter forests’ intensely multi-storied structure. The unmanaged plot was composed of trees with large stem diameters, even though they were more evenly distributed, together with less admixed species. In both plots, the growing stock increased in the past. While the managed plot’s growing stock in 2019 was 561 msup.3 hasup.−1 , the unmanaged plot reached 982 msup.3 hasup.−1 with large portions accumulated in DBH classes >60 cm. (4) Conclusions: When compared to today’s clearcutting system in Japan, selection silviculture shows advantages and may thus serve as a valuable inspiration for silviculture in Japan as it was with plenter forestry for Germany.
![C[O.sub.2] flux from Acer s...](http://api.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/image/issn/XR4PS5YY4K/0045-5067/small "C[O.sub.2] flux from Acer saccharum logs: sources of variation and the influence of silvicultural treatments")
