Hazardous Agents in Anode Manufacture Jelinić, Jagoda; Lasić, Ivo; Nola, Iskra ...
Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju,
06/2008, Volume:
59, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The aim of this study was to assess to which extent the modernisation of an anode plant had reduced occupational chemical health hazards for jobs with the highest potential of exposure. Periodical ...measurements of dust and gases were performed at the same workplaces using the same methods, before and after modernisation. These measurements were compared with the recommended standards. Before modernisation the concentrations of total dust, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, hydrogen fluoride, benzene, and phenol were above the recommended standards in 56.9 % (74/130) of the samples. After modernisation, only 12.3 % (21/171) of the samples were non-conforming. Before modernisation, workers were exposed to higher concentrations of all agents in all production sections. After modernisation, dust remained the primary pollutant in harmful concentrations in the anode baking furnace (GM=22.1 mg m-3) and in the anode rodding room (GM=22.1 mg m-3), hydrogen fluoride in the anode rodding room (GM=4.2 mg m-3), and sulphur dioxide in all production sections. As plant modernisation has not completely resolved the exposure issue, stringent compliance to safety rules and regular medical checkups are necessary.
Cilj je rada procijeniti učinak modernizacije tehnološkog procesa u Tvornici anoda na prisutnost i razinu koncentracije prašine i plinova štetnih za zdravlje radnika u radnom okolišu, kao i na poslove s velikim potencijalom za izloženost zaposlenih. U tu svrhu uspoređivani su rezultati obveznih periodičkih mjerenja kemijskih čimbenika provedeni prije i nakon modernizacije. Mjerenja su provedena na istim radnim mjestima i istim metodama tijekom radnih smjena i uspoređeni sa sadašnjim nacionalnim Standardom. Prije modernizacije, koncentracije ukupne prašine i plinova: ugljikova(II) oksida, ugljikova(IV) oksida, sumporova(IV) oksida, fluorovodika, benzena i fenola prelazile su preporučene vrijednosti u 56,9 % uzoraka, a nakon modernizacije u 12,3 % (21/171) uzoraka. Prije modernizacije radnici su istodobno na velikom broju radnih mjesta svih odjela bili izloženi prekomjernim koncentracijama štetnih kemijskih čimbenika. Nakon modernizacije prašina je i dalje prisutna u visokim koncentracijama pri pečenju anoda (GM=22,1 mg m-3), kao i pri zalijevanju anoda (GM=22,1 mg m-3), a geometrijska sredina koncentracije fluorovodika prizalijevanju anoda iznosi 4,2 mg m-3, dok je sumporov(IV) oksid prisutan u svim fazama proizvodnje anoda u koncentracijama štetnim za zdravlje radnika. Modernizacijom tehnološkog procesa smanjene su prisutnost i koncentracije kemijskih čimbenika u radnom okolišu. Međutim, izloženost prašini, sumporovu(IV) oksidu i fluorovodiku samo je djelomično smanjena.
Abstract
S-phenylmercapturic acid (PMA) is a specific urinary biomarker of benzene at exposure levels lower than 1 ppm. However, measuring PMA in urine is an expensive task by either GC or HPLC due ...to the necessity of extensive sample pretreatment. In the present study, a commercial chemiluminescence enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test for PMA and GC-MS were used for screening urine samples of 60 workers employed in petrochemical settings. The ELISA results were evaluated by comparison with the GC-MS. Overall, the ELISA test proved sensitive (limit of detection = 0.1 µg l−1), rapid, robust and reliable, affording results in good agreement with the GC-MS (54% of measurements) and no false-negatives. On the other hand, 46% of the ELISA assays were assigned as false-positives (arbitrarily established when ELISA >5 µg l−1, GC-MS <5 µg l−1) and a correlation coefficient of 0.687 was calculated between the two methods. It appears that urinary PMA routine biomonitoring on large numbers of samples is carried out in a cost-effective and rapid approach by preliminary screening with the ELISA assay followed by GC-MS confirmation of concentrations exceeding the biological exposure index for PMA.
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- data publikacji: 1988-08-31- data zgłoszenia: 1984-06-22- numer publikacji: PL 144438- numer zgłoszenia: 248352- All metadata ...published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
The crystal structure of β-lactamase TEM1 from
E. coli has been solved to 2.5 Å resolution by X-ray diffraction methods and refined to a crystallographic R-factor of 22.7%. The structure was ...determined by multiple isomorphous replacement using four heavy atom derivatives. The solution from molecular replacement, using a polyalanine model constructed from the C
α coordinates of
S. Aureus PC1 enzyme, provided a set of phases used for heavy atom derivatives analysis. The
E. coli β-lactamase TEM1 is made up of two domains whose topology is similar to that of the PC1 enzyme. However, global superposition or the two proteins shows significant differences.
The in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of tetrasubstituted benzene derivatives 1- chloro (or bromo or iodo)-2,4,6-trichloro and 1-chloro (or bromo or iodo)-2, 4,6-tribromo and 1-chloro ...(or bromo or iodo)-2, 4, 6-triiodo benzenes derived from 2,4,6-trichloro tribromo and triiodo anilines were investigated. Tetrasubstituted benzene dervatives synthesized and identified by spectroscopic means IR and NMR. The antibacterial and antifungal activities were measured by Minumum inhibition concentration (MIC) method against gram-positive bacteria i.e. Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633; Gram-negative ones as Yersinia enterocolitica ATCC 1501 Escherichia coli ATCC 11230 and fungus as Candida albicans from our strain collection. Antimicrobial activies of these compounds tended to decrease with increasing size of halogene substitutents.
Environmental consultants and analytical laboratories are increasingly realizing the importance of analytical method selection and validation for the reliable measurement of soil contamination. ...Aromatic hydrocarbons (BTEX) is one class of environmentally significant soil contamination for which testing is required by regulatory authorities in most industrialized countries. Unfortunately, in most guidelines there is a lack of direction for the selection of a testing method for BTEX and, in practice, any one of a variety of methods may be employed. The fact that these may not all yield comparable results is a source of much frustration in the industry and there is a paucity of published research into this problem. In a number of carefully controlled experiments, the method dependency of measured BTEX levels in contaminated soil samples has been investigated. Three commonly employed methods, namely, (methanol extraction) purge-and-trap/gas chromatography with mass selective detection (P&T/GCMSD), headspace/GCMSD and dichloromethane (DCM) extraction/gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GCFID) have been compared in the analysis of 109 gasoline-contaminated soil samples collected from station sites in Melbourne, Australia. Measurable BTEX concentrations were recorded in 92% of the samples using P&T/GCMSD, 59% using DCM/GCFID, and 40% using headspace/GCMSD. Correspondingly, the magnitudes of the recovered concentrations were significantly higher by P&T/GCMSD than by DCM/GCFID, which in turn were significantly higher than the magnitudes determined by headspace/GCMSD. These trends are evident for both clay and sandy soils. These studies clearly demonstrate that, for the three commonly employed methods described, measured BTEX levels are extraction and analytical method dependent in at least two different soil types.PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
PDF
