Tumor has been considered as a serious public health concern and a prominent contributing factor to the prevalence of cancer and global mortality rates. Extensive epidemiological investigations have ...consistently established a correlation between a high consumption of fungal polysaccharides-rich foods, and a decreased risk of tumorigenesis. Although numerous studies have exemplified the anti-tumor properties exhibited by fungal polysaccharides compounds, a comprehensive and systematic evaluation of their efficacy and mechanisms in treating tumors remains notably limited.
This article reviews clinical trials and experimental studies regarding the anti-tumor effects and respective molecular mechanisms of common dietary fungal polysaccharides from 2011 to 2023 available in PubMed.
Based on published investigations, dietary fungal polysaccharides exhibit various mechanisms of action that contribute to their anti-tumor potentials, including the effects of antioxidation, anti-angiogenesis, apoptosis induction, cell cycle regulation and immunomodulation. This comprehensive review also highlights recent advancements in understanding the bioavailability of fungal polysaccharides, as well as the essential role played by gut microbes in their metabolism. However, further research is needed to enhance our understanding of the intricate mechanisms underlying fungal polysaccharides' bioavailability. Such studies will undoubtedly facilitate the development of precise dietary interventions for preventing and treating tumors.
•This article reviews the antitumor effects and mechanisms of polysaccharides in fungi.•High consumption of polysaccharides in fungi decreases risk of tumor.•Gut microbes closely related to polysaccharides in fungi.
• Using cyanobacteria extracts at low doses reduces the toxicity risk in cucumber seeds.• Optimal doses of cytokinins and salicylic acid benefit the early plant growth stages.• Cyanobacterial ...siderophores favor plant growth during the seedling phase.• Strain Nostoc SAB-M612 stood out for their stimulant ability in cucumber seedlings.
This work clarifies some of the substances involved with the biostimulant effect shown by 28 cyanobacteria isolated from different aquatic environments. The production of salicylic acid, cytokinins, siderophores and phosphate solubilization were analyzed in vitro, as well as the phytostimulant/phytotoxic effect on watercress seeds at two different extract concentrations (0.5 and 0.2 mg mL−1). The most prominent plant growth promoting cyanobacteria were verified in vivo at two different doses (0.5 and 0.1 mg mL−1). 21.4 % and 7.1 % of the tested strains produced siderophores or phosphate solubilization, respectively. The production of salicylic acid was stood out for the strains Calothrix SAB-B797, Nostoc SAB-B1300 and Nostoc SAB-M612, while Nostoc SAB-M251 and Trichormus SAB-M304 were noticeable regard to cytokinin production. The highest values of germination occurred when the extracts were applied in low dose (0.5 mg mL−1). Nostoc SAB-M612 provoked the stimulation of aerial and radicular growth in cucumber seedlings.
Blood transfusion in critically ill individuals such as sepsis was associated with higher morbidity and mortality. During storage, various bioactive substances accumulated, may exacerbate the initial ...immunosuppressive reaction in severely ill patients. The objective of this study is to explore how resin adsorption impacts the accumulation of cytokines and the presence of extracellular microvesicles (EVs) in whole blood. Through comparative analysis and screening, amberchrom CG 300 C was chosen to assess the adsorption efficiency and evaluate the quality of whole blood after adsorption. Subsequently, the supernatants from both the unadsorpted (UA) and adsorpted (A) groups were co-cultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to assess their effects on cellular growth and cytokine concentrations. The findings of our study revealed that resin adsorption effectively eradicated most bioactive components in conserved blood, including IL-8, TGF-β, sCD40L, sFasL, without affecting the quality of the blood. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a reduction in extracellular microvesicles following adsorption. Compared to UA, A 's supernatant markedly enhanced PBMC growth (p < 0.01). Additionally, the A's supernatant markedly diminished the emission of pro-inflammatory cytokines, like IL-6. The research revealed that adsorbing resin effectively reduced bioactive substances from preserved whole blood, and did not impact red blood cell quality, proving to be a reliable method for extracting bioactive substances from storage blood. The results could pave the way for creating innovative blood bags and hold clinical significance in lowering the frequency of TRIM among patients who have undergone transfusions.
The experiences were held on the boar sperm. There were studied the bioactive substances with the role of antioxidizer made at the Institute of Genetic of Science Academy of Republic of Moldova. The ...bioactive substances (GL-2) were used as a structure dilution GHTS what is used for boars sperm dilution with the concentration of 0,1 – 1%. The experimental researches showed that the studied substances were not toxic for sperm used in the structure of GHTS dilution with the concentration of 0,1-1 whit gave the possibility to increase the period of boar sperm stoking till 168 hours, keeping the sperms mobility at the level of standard of artificial insemination.
The carotenoid profiles of biomass from five eukaryotic microalgae, Porphyridium cruentum, Isochrysis galbana, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Tetraselmis suecica and Nannochloropsis gaditana, produced at ...an industrial plant in outdoor photobioreactors, were investigated. Pigments were solvent-extracted after an ultrasonic pre-treatment and separated by HPLC-photodiode-array using a reversed-phase C18 column. Microalgae showed species-specific carotenoid profiles. Carotenoids were mostly in their free form, with a prevalence of xanthophylls over carotenes. Beta-carotene was the only carotenoid common to all species. The Rhodophyta P. cruentum exhibited the lowest total carotenoid content (167.2 mg 100 g−1 dw) and the simplest profile, with (all-E)-zeaxanthin (94.2 mg 100 g−1 dw, 56% of total carotenoids) and (all-E)-β– carotene (53.4 mg 100 g−1 dw, 32% of total carotenoids) as the major carotenoids. The Haptophyta Isochrysis galbana and the Bacillariophyta Phaeodactylum tricornutum were the species with the highest total carotenoid content (1760 mg and 1022 mg 100 g−1 dw, respectively). These species were characterized by similar carotenoid profiles, with (all-E)-fucoxanthin as the chief compound (1346 mg and 776.8 mg 100 g−1 dw for I. galbana and P. tricornutum, respectively), accounting for about 76% of total carotenoids. The Chlorophyta Tetraselmis suecica was the species showing the greatest variety of carotenoids, with both α- carotene and β- carotene and their derivatives present. (All-E)-lutein (85.4 mg 100 g−1 dw) and (all-E)-violaxanthin (81.8 mg 100 g−1 dw) were the major pigments in this species. In the Ochrophyta Nannochloropsis gaditana, (all-E)-violaxanthin was the prevalent carotenoid (336.7 mg 100 g−1 dw), followed by (all-E)-β-carotene (100.1 mg 100 g−1 algal dw).
The carotenoid content of the microalgal biomass studied compared favourably to that of major vegetable sources. Due to their characteristics, these microalgae, most of them currently finding their main application in aquaculture, may be also regarded as valuable sources of carotenoids to be used in the formulation of functional food and nutraceuticals.
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•Microalgae showed species-specific carotenoid profiles.•Carotenoids were mostly in their free form, with a prevalence of xanthophylls over carotenes.•β-carotene was the only carotenoid common to all species.•Carotenoid levels compared favourably to those of high food sources.
The major processes in the extraction of C. oleifera oil.
In recent years, the need for high-quality and high-quantity production of C. oleifera oil for human consumption has been increased. The ...present review examines the chemical composition of C. oleifera oil, bioactive substances, extraction technologies, and evidences supporting the health benefits of C. oleifera oil. Emerging technologies such as aqueous extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction are highly efficient processes, and can achieve higher recovery while reducing solvent and energy consumption. This review provides an in-depth discussion on the various extraction technologies and factors affecting the extraction efficiency of C. oleifera oil using traditional and emerging methods. The In this review, chemical composition of C. oleifera oil and evidences supporting the health benefits of C. oleifera oil are briefly introduced. Conventional and innovative extraction technologies for C. oleifera oil production are systematically reviewed. Furthermore, the influences of different extraction methods on the C. oleifera oil characteristics are also introduced. Furthermore, challenges and future prospects of extraction of C. oleifera oil have been identified and discussed.
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•The chemical composition of C. oleifera oils was reviewed.•The traditional and emerging extraction technologies of C. oleifera oils were reviewed.•The influences of extraction methods on the quality of C. oleifera oil were first systematically reviewed.•The prospects of C. oleifera oil extraction has been identified and discussed.
C. oleifera oil is one of the high-quality edible oils recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Pharmacological studies have shown that C. oleifera oil is the homology of medicine and food, and it possesses extensive beneficial health properties both in vivo and in vitro. C. oleifera oil found its application in the functional food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. In recent years, the need for high-quality and high-quantity production of C. oleifera oil for human consumption has increased. The present review examines the chemical composition of C. oleifera oil, bioactive substances, extraction technologies, and evidence supporting the health benefits of C. oleifera oil. From the reviewed studies, it appears that C. oleifera oil contains a significant proportion of unsaturated fatty acids (>85%) with oleic acid (>75%) as the major compound, and high contents of squalene, tea polyphenols, tocopherol and phytosterol. Some variations in C. oleifera oil composition can be found depending on the kernel’s origin and the extraction method used. Emerging technologies such as aqueous extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction are highly efficient processes, and can achieve higher recovery while reducing solvent and energy consumption. This review provides an in-depth discussion on the various extraction technologies and factors affecting the extraction efficiency of C. oleifera oil using traditional and emerging methods. The influences of different extraction methods on the C. oleifera oil characteristics are also introduced. Furthermore, challenges and future prospects of the extraction of C. oleifera oil have been identified and discussed.
Probiotic fermented fruit extract is a new kind of food with potential health care efficacy. In this study, transformation of bioactive substances in Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeast fermented ...kiwifruit extract were researched. The highest levels of total polyphenol, superoxide dismutase (SOD) were found in Lactobacillus paracasei LG0260 fermented kiwifruit extract with 2.31 ± 0.06 mgGAE/g, 369 ± 12.73 U.mL−1, respectively. LAB fermented kiwifruit extract dramatically had a highest vitamin C (VitC) concentration during the fermentation, while yeast and natural fermented samples were decline steadily. Another interesting founding, a highest level of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae J2861 fermented kiwifruit extract with 24.132 ± 1.01 μg/mL. Furthermore, the main organic acids in fresh kiwifruit and yeast fermented kiwifruit extract were citric acid and malic acid. However, lactic acid and citric acid were the main organic acids in LAB fermented kiwifruit extract. A total of 43 kinds of flavor compounds in fresh kiwifruit and 88 kinds of flavor compounds in fermented kiwifruit extract were identified. Esters and alcohols in fermented kiwifruit system increased by the fermentation of selected bacteria which improved the taste and flavor.
•Probiotic fermented kiwifruit extract is a new kind of health care efficacy food.•The evolution of biochemical components in long-term fermented system was proved.•The change of organic acids in fermented kiwifruit extract was revealed.•The flavor compounds of different fermented kiwifruit extracts were compared.
Encapsulation and immobilization technology is important for the food processing and bioengineering industries. Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide prepared by the N - deacetylation of chitin. It ...has been widely used in food and bioengineering industries, including the encapsulation of active food ingredients, in enzyme immobilization, and as a carrier for controlled drug delivery, due to its significant biological and chemical properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, bioactivity, and polycationicity. In this work, chitosan nanoparticles and nanofibers used to encapsulate bioactive substances and immobilize enzymes were reviewed. Preparation of chitosan nanoparticles and nanofibers, including the work achieved in our group on chitosan nanoparticles for enzyme immobilization, were also introduced. Some problems encountered with nano - structured chitosan carriers for bioactive substance encapsulation and enzyme immobilization were discussed, together with the future prospects of such systems.
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