Background
. Quality indicators, medicinal and prophylactic properties of strawberry fruits are largely determined by their chemical composition. In order to improve the breeding work, it is ...necessary to look for the sources of high-level accumulation of macro- and micronutrients in fruits.
Materials and methods
. Fruits of 101 accessions from the genetic collection of introduced foreign and domestic cultivars, elite and selected forms held by the I.V. Michurin Federal Science Center were used as the target research material. All of them were grown on the experimental plantations from 1994 through 2020. Their chemical composition (ascorbic acid and anthocyanin contents) was analyzed at the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Food Technologies according to the standard methods.
Results and conclusions
. The ranges of variability in the accumulation of primary components of the antioxidant complex in strawberry fruits in the environments of the Central Black Earth Region (Michurinsk) were measured: 30.1–102.3 mg/100 g for ascorbic acid and 3.6–124.5 mg/100 g for anthocyanins. The cultivars were ranked according to the analyzed chemical components. A majority of them were classified into the group with average vitamin C content (50.1–90.0 mg/100 g). The largest part (85.6%) of the studied cultivars accumulated anthocyanins within the range of 30.0–70.0 mg/100 g. Valuable genotypes with high levels of ascorbic acid (above 90.1 mg/100 g) were identified: cvs. ‘Kokinskaya zarya’, ‘Lirovidnaya’, ‘Sudarushka’ and ‘Zephyr’. As for anthocyanins (above 90.1 mg/100 g), cvs. ‘Alena’, ‘Istochnik’, ‘Pamyati Zubova’, ‘Privlecatelnaya’, ‘Rubinovy kulon’, ‘Torpeda’ and ‘Feyerverk’, plus the elite seedling 56-5 (“Rubinovy kaskad”), showed the best results. The identified genotypes are of interest both for consumers, as they yield highly vitaminized fresh fruits, and for breeders as source material for the development of cultivars with improved chemical composition.
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•Multilayered nanofilms were designed by mimicking natural bone structure.•The nanofilms were prepared by LBL self-assembly of PDA, GO, and Col I.•Nanofilms coated Ti surfaces ...displayed excellent biological properties.•Nanofilms showed a powerful capacity of slow-releasing bioactive substances.
A single functional coating is far from enough to meet the high requirements of complex bone microenvironments for titanium (Ti)-based implants. In this study, multilayered polydopamine (PDA)/graphene oxide (GO)/type I collagen (Col I) (PGC) nanofilms on the basis of bioinspired design make it possible to develop a versatile, personalized, and biocompatible Ti-based implant. The nanofilms were successfully prepared by layer by layer (LBL) self-assembly of PDA, GO, and Col I, which was confirmed by surface physical and chemical characterization. In vitro biological assessments demonstrated the outstanding biological properties of PGC nanofilms coated Ti substrates, including enhanced protein adsorption, excellent biocompatibility, and accelerated osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs). Importantly, the more layers of PGC nanofilms were, the more significant osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs was. In addition, PGC nanofilms displayed a powerful capacity of controllably releasing bioactive substances. And the encapsulated amount and release rate of bioactive substances (e.g., silver (Ag) ions and bovine serum albumin (BSA)) could be precisely controlled by the layer number of PGC nanofilms. The work provides a fairly feasible approach for developing a multifunctional bioactive coating on the surfaces of Ti-based implants.
Solid waste spent coffee grounds (SCGs) are generated in the process of producing coffee products. SCGs currently exist in the main treatment methods of incineration and sanitary landfill, causing ...the waste of resources and environmental pollution. It is urgent to establish and improve the large-scale biological joint transformation process system for comprehensive utilization of SCGs.
This paper firstly summarizes the processing technology of SCGs including its main compositions and extraction methods. Furthermore, an overview of SCGs utilization is presented in following aspects consists of agronomy and composting, fermentation, bioremediation, bioenergy, carbon points, food and cosmetics. Finally, it provides an outlook on its future utilization and research directions.
SCGs are rich in beneficial components, being considered as high value-added biomass resources with great potential for sustainable development. After appropriate disposal and resource transformation, SCGs have been widely applied in fields of food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, energy and materials sectors. The technologies currently available make the full utilization of SCGs possible, taking into account safety and social acceptance. Utilizing the power of innovation and biotechnology to upcycle SCGs is a way to turn food waste into treasure and achieve sustainable social green development.
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•Overview of the main components and related bioactivities of SCGs.•Extraction technology progress of bioactive substances from SCGs is reviewed.•Applications of SCGs are in the fields of food, agronomy and materials.•Future perspective for SCGs comprehensive utilization and recovery is illustrated.
Around the world, green tides are happening with increasing frequency because of the dual effects of increasingly intense human activity and climate change; this leads to significant impacts on ...marine ecology and economies. In the last decade, the world's largest green tide, which is formed by Ulva/Enteromorpha porifera, has become a recurrent phenomenon every year in the southern Yellow Sea (China), and it has been getting worse. To alleviate the impacts of such green tide outbreaks, multiple measures need to be developed. Among these approaches, biotechnology plays important roles in revealing the outbreak mechanism (e.g., molecular identification technology for algal genotypes), controlling and preventing outbreaks at the origin sites (e.g., technology to inhibit propagation), and utilizing valuable algal biomass. This review focuses on the various previously used biotechnological approaches that may be applicable to worldwide seaweed blooms that result from global climate change and environmental degradation.
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•Integrated technological approaches to mitigate green tides.•Mitigating growing green tides is urgent for developed coastal regions.•The green tide-forming algae identification techniques were summarized.•The biorefining techniques of green tide algal biomass were reviewed.•The exploitation potential of Ulva prolifera was discussed.
The human amniotic membrane (HAM) collagen matrix derived from human placenta can be decellularized (dHAM) to form a natural biocompatible material. dHAM has different bioactive substances and has ...been used widely in human tissue engineering research. However, dHAM has some disadvantages, e.g., poor mechanical properties, easy degradation and inconvenient operation and use, so it is not conducive to large-area or full-thickness skin defect healing. To overcome these limitations, for the first time, dHAM was grafted with methacrylic anhydride (MA) to form photocrosslinked dHAM methacrylate (dHAMMA); dHAMMA was then blended with methacrylated gelatin (GelMA), followed by the addition of a photosensitizer for photocrosslinking to obtain the fast-forming GelMA-dHAMMA composite hydrogel. Further, GelMA-dHAMMA was found to have the porous structure of a bicomponent polymer network and good physical and chemical properties. In vitro experiments, GelMA-dHAMMA was found to promote fibroblast proliferation and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression. In vivo investigations also demonstrated that GelMA-dHAMMA promotes wound collagen deposition and angiogenesis, and accelerates tissue healing. GelMA-dHAMMA inherits the good mechanical properties of GelMA and maintains the biological activity of the amniotic membrane, promoting the reconstruction and regeneration of skin wounds. Thus, GelMA-dHAMMA can serve as a promising biomaterial in skin tissue engineering.
Since the early 20th century, the human amniotic membrane (HAM) has been successfully used for trauma treatment and reconstruction purposes. dHAM has different bioactive substances and has been used widely in human tissue-engineering research. In this work, the dHAM and gelatin were grafted and modified by using methacrylic anhydride (MA) to form photocrosslinked dHAMMA and methacrylated gelatin (GelMA). Then, the dHAMMA and GelMA were blended with a photosensitizer to form the GelMA-dHAMMA composite hydrogel derived from gelatin-dHAM. GelMA-dHAMMA exhibits a bicomponent-network (BCN) interpenetrating structure. dHAM dydrogel has advantages, e.g., good mechanical properties, slow degradation and convenient operation, so it is conducive to large-area or full-thickness skin defect healing.
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Food (dietary) supplements include a wide range of products that are designed to be taken because of their added nutrients and presumed health benefits. Global food supplement sales are experiencing ...rapid growth and supplements that based on botanicals are among the most popular. The meteoric rise in sales coupled with the general lack of a commitment to pass effective regulation make this market more vulnerable to dishonest producers, increase the likelihood that supplements containing adulterants are sold on the market, and a greater prevalence of safety and quality issues (contamination by pesticides and mycotoxins). In this paper, we present an overview of various sample preparation and analytical techniques that can be used for the determination of bioactive substances in food supplements based on plant extracts and for making purity assessments of plant extracts in these preparations. The analysis looks at data collected from 2012 to 2017. The work is divided according to the different approaches taken when analysing food supplements and groups of bioactive substances found in plant extracts (purity assessments and the determination of bioactive substances).
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•Analytical methods for quality control of food supplements based on plant extracts were reviewed.•Advantages and limitations of extraction techniques and separation methods were discussed.•Critical evaluations of the poor quality of food supplements were highlighted.•Adulterants, endocrine disruptors, pesticides and mycotoxins contamination were pointed out.•Perspectives in quality control of food supplements based on plant extracts were summarized.
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•A novel polysaccharide HSP-2 was extracted from Huangshui, a by-product of Baijiu.•HSP-2 was composed of mannose, glucose, galactose, arabinose, xylose, and rhamnose.•The backbone ...was → 2)-β-D-Manp-(1 → 2,6)-β-D-Manp-(1 → 6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 4)-α-L-Rhap-(1 → 3,4)-α-L-Rhap-(1 → .•Biomarkers ROS, NO, cytokines, and pinocytic and phagocytic capacities were tested.•HSP-2 showed obvious immuno-stimulating activity toward THP-1 cells.
Huangshui (HS), a byproduct of Baijiu, has been widely studied for the utilization of aromatic compounds and microorganisms. However, there is little information on the bioactive polysaccharides in HS. In this study, a novel complex polysaccharide (HSP-2) composed of mannose, glucose, galactose, arabinose, xylose, and rhamnose at approximate percentages of 53.0, 29.6, 11.5, 2.7, 2.1, and 1.0, respectively, was successfully extracted and purified from HS. The results of FT-IR, methylation analysis, and NMR showed that the backbone of HSP-2 was → 2)-β-D-Manp-(1 → 2,6)-β-D-Manp-(1 → 6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 4)-α-L-Rhap-(1 → 3,4)-α-L-Rhap-(1→. In addition, HSP-2 showed significant immuno-stimulating effects via increasing the ROS and NO generation, and enhancing the pinocytic and phagocytic capacities of THP-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, HSP-2 treatment increased IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β secretion through activating the expression of the related mRNAs and proteins. These results will provide a molecular basis for immuno-stimulating effects of HSP-2 and lay a foundation for the potential application of HS in functional foods.
Natural antioxidants are more attractive than synthetic chemical oxidants because of their non-toxic and non-harmful properties. Microalgal bioactive components such as carotenoids, polysaccharides, ...and phenolic compounds are gaining popularity as very effective and long-lasting natural antioxidants. Few articles currently exist that analyze microalgae from a bibliometric and visualization point of view. This study used a bibliometric method based on the Web of Science Core Collection database to analyze antioxidant research on bioactive compounds in microalgae from 1996 to 2022. According to cluster analysis, the most studied areas are the effectiveness, the antioxidant mechanism, and use of bioactive substances in microalgae, such as carotene, astaxanthin, and tocopherols, in the fields of food, cosmetics, and medicine. Using keyword co-occurrence and keyword mutation analysis, future trends are predicted to improve extraction rates and stability by altering the environment of microalgae cultures or mixing extracts with chemicals such as nanoparticles for commercial and industrial applications. These findings can help researchers identify trends and resources to build impactful investigations and expand scientific frontiers.
Bone tissue constitutes 15–20% of human body weight and plays a crucial role in supporting the body, coordinating movement, regulating mineral homeostasis, and hematopoiesis. The maintenance of bone ...homeostasis relies on a delicate balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Osteoclasts, as the exclusive “bone resorbers” in the human skeletal system, are of paramount significance yet often receive inadequate attention. When osteoclast activity becomes excessive, it frequently leads to various bone metabolic disorders, subsequently resulting in secondary bone injuries, such as fractures. This not only reduces life quality of patients, but also imposes a significant economic burden on society. In response to the pressing need for biomaterials in the treatment of osteoclast dysregulation, there is a surge of research and investigations aimed at osteoclast regulation. Promising progress is achieved in this domain. This review seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of how to modulate osteoclast activities. It summarizes bioactive substances that influence osteoclasts and elucidates strategies for constructing related biomaterial systems. It offers practical insights and ideas for the development and application of biomaterials and tissue engineering, with the hope of guiding the clinical treatment of osteoclast‐related bone diseases using biomaterials in the future.
Osteoclasts, as the exclusive “bone resorbers” in the human skeletal system, are of paramount significance yet often receive inadequate attention. This review seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of osteoclast modulation, which summarizes bioactives that influence osteoclasts, and elucidates strategies for constructing related biomaterial systems, offering practical insights and ideas for the development and application of biomaterials and tissue engineering.
