Fermented plant extract (FPE) is a plant functional food which originates from Japan. FPEs use various plants as materials, and they are fermented by various microorganisms to make a beverage or ...other physical forms. With plenty of nutrients and active substance, FPE provides many health benefits.
In this review, we present a brief summary of the recent research progresses in traditional and modern FPE products, including microorganisms used, manufacturing technology, bioactive substances and health benefits.
FPE has many benefits to human, not only to health but also to industry, and other aspects. The development prospects of FPE products has great potential.
•The use of microorganisms in traditional and modern FPEs differs a lot because of different fermentation process.•Numerous bioactive substances have been found in FPEs, which makes the product have more functions.•With large quantities and types of bioactive substances, FPE products display numerous health benefits.
In this study, the fermentation of Chlorella pyrenoidosa (C. pyrenoidosa) with a series of probiotics was investigated using optimization to enhance good flavor and remove deodorization from the ...high-yield protein Chlorella. Bacillus velezensis SW-37 was screened for their deodorizing and proteolytic activity on C. pyrenoidosa. The ideal fermentation conditions were determined as pH value of 9.30, liquid-to-material ratio of 8.80 mL/g, inoculum concentration of 10%, fermentation time of 24 h, and temperature of 37 °C. Under the optimized conditions, the protein extraction rate of C. pyrenoidosa reached 61.20%, and the hydrolysis rate of the protein reached 56.96%. Compared to unfermented C. pyrenoidosa (unFC), the number of volatiles was reduced from 30 to 24. In addition, aromatic substances such as isophorone, 3-methyl-p-anisaldehyde, and fumaric acid were produced to improve the flavor of fermented C. pyrenoidosa (FC) products. This study provided an effective fermentation method for improving the flavor of Chlorella and obtaining high-yield protein, which was expected to contribute to the development of Chlorella protein in various fields of the food industry.
•The optimal fermentation condition for obtaining high protein yields is provided.•Bacillus velezensis SW-37 is a good strain for fermenting Chlorella pyrenoidosa.•Fermentation endows Chlorella pyrenoidosa with higher nutritional properties.•Fermentation improves protein extraction and flavor of Chlorella pyrenoidosa.
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•Rosmarinic acid was the main phenolic acid in extracts from basil and lemon balm.•Foliar applied chitosan lactate enhanced the accumulation of bioactive substances.•Chitosan lactate ...augmented the activity of antioxidant enzymes.•Chitosan lactate can stimulate photosynthesis and plant growth.
An increase in the content of secondary metabolites in herbal plants is desirable due to their therapeutic and nutraceutical properties. Therefore, the effects of foliar spray of 100 mg/L or 500 mg/L of chitosan lactate (ChL) on the accumulation of selected phenolics and physiological parameters of basil and lemon balm were investigated. In basil, the concentration of rosmarinic acid (RA) increased after application of 100 mg/L of ChL. In turn, in lemon balm both ChL concentrations increased the accumulation of RA and anthocyanins, while the level of total phenolic compounds (TPC) was elevated only at the dose of 100 mg/L of ChL. Elicitation of basil with 500 mg/L of ChL increased the shoot biomass. Therefore, such an elicitor as ChL can enhance the accumulation of valuable phytochemicals in Lamiaceae species. This simple and non-laborious method can be used for elicitation of herbal plants in production of functional food.
Background and Objective:
The cellular microenvironment, diet, and lifestyle play a key role in the occurrence of colorectal cancer. Due to its rising trend, attempts are being made to devise novel ...biointerventions as adjunct to conventional therapies to prevent this deadly disease. “Metabiotics,” the beneficial metabolic signatures of probiotics are emerging as potential anticancer agent due to their ability to alter metabolic processes in the gut lumen and reduce the severity of colon carcinogenesis. Although beneficial attributes of metabiotics have been elucidated
in vitro
, yet their anticancer mechanism
in vivo
needs to be explored. Thus, the present study was performed to envisage anticancer potential of metabiotic extract obtained from indigenous probiotic,
Lactobacillus rhamnosus
MD 14, in early experimental colon carcinogenesis.
Materials and Methods:
Sprague–Dawley rats were daily administered with low, medium, and high dose of metabiotic extract orally along with a single dose of weekly intraperitoneal injection of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine up to 6 weeks and monitored for the markers of early colon carcinogenesis.
Results:
It was observed that the medium dose of metabiotic extract attenuated early colon carcinogenesis by reducing fecal procarcinogenic enzymes, oxidants, aberrant crypt foci, vis-à-vis downregulating oncogenes K-ras, β-catenin, Cox-2, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and upregulating tumor suppressor p53 gene leading to almost normal colon histology.
Conclusions:
It can be suggested that metabiotics modulate experimental colorectal cancer and could be used as a promising alternative of probiotics, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.
The ancient traditional Chinese drink Bian-Que Triple-Bean Soup made by fermentation (FTBS) of
subsp
YM313 and
YQ336 is a potential functional drink. The effect of fermentation on the flavor and ...biological activity of FTBS was evaluated by analyzing its chemical composition. Five volatile flavors were detected in modified FTBS. Fermentation decreased the proportion of nonanal (beany flavor substances) but significantly increased the total flavone contents, phenol contents and many bioactive small molecule substances in FTBS. The changes of these substances led to the significant improvement of FTBS sensory evaluation, antioxidant activity and prebiotic potential. This research provides a theoretical basis for the application of Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the fermentation of edible plant-based foods and transformation from traditional food to industrial production.
With the ecological crisis and serious problems of marine biofouling, the bionic antifouling strategy of natural organisms is explored for the construction of antifouling coating and replacement of ...the traditional toxic antifouling coating. In this work, inspired by Laminaria japonica's ability to inhibit marine fouling by the combination with physical micromorphology, chemical composition and bioactive substances, a novel PDMS-based antifouling coating with multiple synergistic antifouling properties is fabricated by layer by layer (LbL) self-assembly method. Firstly, the natural active substance (capsaicin) is introduced into the nanocapsule by the microemulsion method (CAP@CS). Subsequently, the nanocapsules are stably deposited on PDMS surface modified by the guanidine-hexamethylenediamine-PEI / sodium alginate (GHPEI/ALG)*n films through LbL assembly method to prepare the (GHPEI/ALG-CAP@CS-x)*n films with multiple antifouling properties. Our study indicates that this biomimetic surface has excellent antifouling ability against bacteria (99.2 ± 0.6 %) and diatoms (0.08 ± 0.05 %), which proves the great potential applications of this synergistic antifouling strategy demonstrated in marine engineering in the future.
Herein this paper is inspired by the antifouling performance of Laminaria japonica, the morphology of it is reproduced by moulding process, and then the nanocapsules (CAP@CS) containing bioactive substances (capsaicin) are deposited on the structured PDMS surface by layer-by-layer assembly method to form (GHPEI/ALG-CAP@CS-x)*n films. The bionic surface combined with physical, chemical and biological antifouling strategies shows multiple synergistic antifouling properties. Display omitted
•Materials utilize the multiple synergistic effects of physical morphology, chemical composition and bioactive substances;•Capsaicin@chitosan nanocapsules containing natural active substances are prepared by microemulsion polymerization;•The microstructure surface of Laminaria japonica is reproduced using molding process;•The biomimetic microstructure surface is prepared by layer-by-layer assembly method;•Biomimetic materials have excellent antifouling ability of anti-diatom and antibacterial.
Chinese dwarf cherry (Cerasus humilis) is a wild fruit tree and medicinal plant endemic to China. Its fruits are rich in various bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids and carotenoids, which ...contribute greatly to their high antioxidant capacity. In this study, the contents of bioactive substances (chlorophyll, carotenoids, ascorbic acid, anthocyanin, total flavonoids, and total phenols), antioxidant capacities, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonicacid) (ABTS+) scavenging ability, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)) in differentially pigmented C. humilis fruits of four varieties were determined and compared. The results revealed that anthocyanin, total flavonoids and total phenols were the three main components responsible for the antioxidant activity of C. humilis fruits. ‘Jinou No.1’ fruits with dark red peel and red flesh had the highest contents of anthocyanin, total flavonoids, and total phenols, as well as the highest antioxidant capacities; ‘Nongda No.5’ fruits with yellow-green peel and yellow flesh had the highest contents of carotenoids and chlorophyll, while ‘Nongda No.6’ fruit had the highest ascorbic acid content. To further reveal the molecular mechanism underlying differences in the accumulation of carotenoids and flavonoids among differentially pigmented C. humilis fruits, the expression patterns of structural genes involved in the biosynthesis of the two compounds were investigated. Correlation analysis results revealed that the content of carotenoids in C. humilis fruits was very significantly positively correlated with the expression of the ChCHYB, ChZEP, ChVDE, ChNSY, ChCCD1, ChCCD4, ChNCED1, and ChNCED5 genes (p < 0.01) and significantly negatively correlated with the expression of ChZDS (p < 0.05). The anthocyanin content was very significantly positively correlated with ChCHS, ChFLS, and ChUFGT expression (p < 0.01). The total flavonoid content was very significantly positively correlated with the expression of ChCHS, ChUFGT, and ChC4H (p < 0.01) and significantly positively correlated with ChFLS expression (p < 0.05). This study can provide a basis for understanding the differences in the accumulation of bioactive substances, and is helpful for clarifying the mechanisms underlying the accumulation of various carotenoids and flavonoids among differentially pigmented C. humilis fruits.
The use of modern methods for assessing the genotypic diversity of breeding material is effective in crop improvement. Interpretation of the results of a study of the fatty acid biochemical ...composition in seeds of hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.) accessions is one of important stages in breeding oilseed varieties, since hemp possesses a unique fatty acid composition (FAC) among other oilseed crops in Russia. Studies of regularities in formation of seed oil FAC and the principal component analysis (PCA) of fatty acid contents have scientific significance and practical value for ensuring the acceleration of oilseed variety breeding aimed at improving quality and biological activity of oil. The use of PCA can be an effective in achieving this goal. The fatty acid profile of oil has been evaluated at the N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources in 25 hemp accessions from the VIR hemp collection. Local and industrial hemp varieties and breeding material of the Middle Russian ecotype were grown in Penza Province with a temperate continental climate on meadow-black soils of the Middle Volga Region of Russia. The seed oil FAC was studied using gas-liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry on an Agilent 6850 chromatograph. The results were processed using the UniChrom and AMDIS software. High content of omega-3 stearidonic fatty acid was found in accessions k-205 from Ukraine (1.23%) and k-168 from Russia (0.87%); that of α-linolenic acid in k-168 from Russia (0.82%) and k-224 from GDR (0.39%); of linoleic acid in k-154 (67.29%), k-360 (66.24%), and k-150 (64.58%) (all three from Russia); of γ-linolenic acid in k-88 from Russia (2.43%) and k-211 from GDR (1.92%). It has been established that the formation of hemp seed oil FAC is a multifactorial process. The main factor determined 27.8% of the variability. The presence of both positive and negative factor loadings was revealed. The highest factor loading for the variance of a complex of characters of the oil FAC is on the main factor, i.e. linoleic acid ( + 0.73). In relation to this acid, negative loadings were detected for myristic acid ( − 0.81), lauric acid ( − 0.78), palmitoleic acid ( − 0.72), and oleic acid ( − 0.72). The content of bioactive omega-6 diunsaturated linoleic acid was negatively associated with the content of omega-9 monounsaturated oleic acid, as well as with the content of polyunsaturated omega-6 γ-linolenic, omega-3 stearidonic, and omega-3 α-linoleic acids. The obtained information can be used for identifying accessions with the optimal FAC for their involvement in breeding oilseed hemp varieties.
Phyllanthus emblica
Linn, a prominent member of the euphorbiaceae family, exhibits extensive distribution across a multitude of tropical and subtropical nations. Referred to as “Balakka” in ...Indonesia, this plant assumes various names across regions, such as “kimalaka,” “balakka,” “metengo,” “malaka,” and “kemloko” in North Sumatra, Ternate, Sundanese, and Java respectively.
Phyllanthus emblica
thrives in tropical locales like Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand, while also making its presence felt in subtropical regions like India, China, Uzbekistan, and Sri Lanka. The fruits of Balakka are enriched with bioactive constituents recognized for their wide-ranging benefits, including antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-cholesterol, anti-diabetic, immunomodulatory, antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, chemoprotective, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, antimutagenic, and antimicrobial properties. Comprising a spectrum of phenolic compounds (such as tannins, phenolic acids, and flavonoids), alkaloids, phytosterols, terpenoids, organic acids, amino acids, and vitamins, the bioactive components of Malacca fruit offer a diverse array of health-promoting attributes. In light of these insights, this review aims to comprehensively examine the pharmacological activities associated with
P. emblica
and delve into the intricate composition of its phytochemical constituents.
A plethora of research studies show that beetroot is a rich source of alkaline minerals and promising bioactive substances with positive health benefits. In contrast, beetroot is also well known for ...its high nitrate content, which is linked to adverse health effects. The process of cultivating beetroot was modified to include fertilization with biochar that contained elevated levels of sodium salt (antagonists of potassium). The obtained data indicates that the biochar in combination with sodium led to the transformation of mineral nitrogen into soil organic matter, thereby reducing the nitrate content in the beetroot. This finding has a significant economic impact because it allows raw beetroot intake to increase, or respectively postpones the negative health implications associated with nitrate intake. In addition to increased yields (by 2.4 t ha−1), it was confirmed that biochar has the potential to increase the water retention capacity of the topsoil.
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•Application of biochar improves activity of soil biota and water management of topsoil.•Higher activity of soil biota turns mineral nitrogen into immobilized organic forms.•Fertilization with sodium reduced nitrate intake into beetroot.
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