Recent developments within the topic of biomaterials has taken hold of researchers due to the mounting concern of current environmental pollution as well as scarcity resources. Amongst all compatible ...biomaterials, polycaprolactone (PCL) is deemed to be a great potential biomaterial, especially to the tissue engineering sector, due to its advantages, including its biocompatibility and low bioactivity exhibition. The commercialization of PCL is deemed as infant technology despite of all its advantages. This contributed to the disadvantages of PCL, including expensive, toxic, and complex. Therefore, the shift towards the utilization of PCL as an alternative biomaterial in the development of biocomposites has been exponentially increased in recent years. PCL-based biocomposites are unique and versatile technology equipped with several importance features. In addition, the understanding on the properties of PCL and its blend is vital as it is influenced by the application of biocomposites. The superior characteristics of PCL-based green and hybrid biocomposites has expanded their applications, such as in the biomedical field, as well as in tissue engineering and medical implants. Thus, this review is aimed to critically discuss the characteristics of PCL-based biocomposites, which cover each mechanical and thermal properties and their importance towards several applications. The emergence of nanomaterials as reinforcement agent in PCL-based biocomposites was also a tackled issue within this review. On the whole, recent developments of PCL as a potential biomaterial in recent applications is reviewed.
Nacre-mimicking nanocomposites based on colloidal cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and clay nanoparticles show excellent mechanical properties, yet processing typically involves preparation of two ...colloids followed by a mixing step, which is time- and energy-consuming. In this study, a facile preparation method using low energy kitchen blenders is reported in which CNF disintegration, clay exfoliation and mixing carried out in one step. Compared to composites made from the conventional method, the energy demand is reduced by about 97 %; the composites also show higher strength and work to fracture. Colloidal stability, CNF/clay nanostructure, and CNF/clay orientation are well characterized. The results suggest favorable effects from hemicellulose-rich, negatively charged pulp fibers and corresponding CNFs. CNF disintegration and colloidal stability are facilitated with substantial CNF/clay interfacial interaction. The results show a more sustainable and industrially relevant processing concept for strong CNF/clay nanocomposites.
Display omitted
The present work shows the feasibility of incorporating properly treated jute strands into a polylactic acid (PLA) thermoplastic matrix. The role of lignin in the interaction between jute strands and ...PLA was assessed by means of gradually decreasing the amount of lignin and producing composites. Five different lignin contents were studied and the resulting strands were incorporated into the PLA matrix at the ratio of 30 wt%. Composites were produced in a discontinuous extruder and standard specimens were injected and characterized at tensile. It was found that as the amount of lignin was decreased, the interface between the matrix and the reinforcement was properly improved, since tensile strength was increased up to 46% and FTIR analysis revealed the existence of H-bonds however they cannot be clearly related with an interaction between both phases. Both macro and micromechanical analysis showed that jute strands with a lignin content of 4% were the most suitable to be used as PLA reinforcement, mainly due to their higher intrinsic mechanical properties, better interaction with PLA and dispersion within the matrix. Overall, it was found that it is possible to obtain high-performance bio-based and presumably biodegradable composites with potential to substitute current oil-based commodities.
In Indonesia, starch, particularly that obtained from bengkuang (Pachyrhizus erosus), is abundant and inexpensive, thereby increasing the value of bengkuang starch, which can be mixed with ...bioplastic-based starch. A biocomposite comprising nanocellulose from water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and bengkuang starch was successfully fabricated using the solution casting method. Nanocellulose content in the matrix was kept constant at 1wt%. Moreover, during fabrication, the biocomposite gel was treated in an ultrasonic bath for 0, 15, 30, and 60min. Further, thermogravimetric analysis, moisture absorption measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were performed. The biocomposite sample vibrated for 60min had the highest thermal stability and exhibited low moisture absorption. The soil burial test proved that this biocomposite, as opposed to 0-min vibrated samples, has a slower biodegradation rate. This result was supported by morphological evaluation after biodegradation, in which the 60-min vibrated samples showed a coarse surface and low porosity formation.
The potential of Hylocereus polyrhizus peel (HPP) as a new eco-friendly reinforcement for thermoplastic sago starch/agar composite (TPSS/agar) was investigated. The integration of HPP into TPSS/agar ...composite aimed to enhance its mechanical and thermal characteristics. The study employed Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), as well as mechanical, physical properties and soil burial testing to analyse the composites. The results showed a favourable miscibility between the matrix and filler, while at higher concentrations of HPP, the starch granules became more visible. The tensile and impact properties of the composites improved significantly after incorporating HPP at 20 wt%, with values of 12.73 MPa and 1.87 kJ/m2, respectively. The glass transition temperature (Tg) and initial decomposition temperature (Ton) decreased with the addition of HPP. The density of the composites reduced from 1.51 ± 0.01 to 1.26 ± 0.01 g/cm3 as the HPP amount increased. The environmental properties indicated that the composites can be composted, with weight loss accelerating from 35 to 60 % and 61 to 91 % by the addition of HPP in 2- and 4-weeks' time, respectively. The study demonstrates the potential of TPSS/agar/HPP composites as eco-friendly materials for various applications.
Display omitted
•Encapsulation of proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and cells & virus in MOFs.•Bioentities@MOF as drug delivery systems.•Biopreservation properties of bioentities@MOF ...composites.•Applications of bioentities@MOF composites in biosensing.•Use of bioentities@MOF composites in virus and cell manipulation.
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) combined with biomacromolecules, viruses and cells have emerged as novel biocomposites for application to drug delivery, biosensing, biospecimen preservation, and cell and virus manipulation. The integration of biological entities into MOF matrices generates MOF biocomposites with functional characteristics that cannot be observed in the separate components, such as enhanced chemical and thermal stability, resistance to proteases, MOF-conferred selectivity, and controlled release. In this review, we will discuss these functional properties and applications of the biocomposites obtained by the encapsulation of (i) proteins, (ii) carbohydrates, (iii) nucleic acids, and (iv) viruses or cells in a MOF matrix. Finally, we review the post functionalization of MOF-based drug carriers with lipids as a potential route to enhance the dispersion, stability in biological fluids, and blood circulation time of MOF-based drug delivery systems.
This journal review provides a comprehensive examination of recent research and developments in the domain of jute fiber epoxy composite reinforced polymer bio composites. These bio composites have ...garnered significant attention in recent years due to their sustainability, lightweight properties, and potential applications across various industries. This review synthesizes the current state of knowledge regarding their fabrication techniques, mechanical properties, and applications.
The current demand for composites reinforced with renewable fibers is greater than it has ever been. In comparison to glass fibers, natural fibers yield the advantages of lesser density and cost. ...Although comparable specific properties exist between glass and natural fibers, the latter shows lower strength. However, with the copper coating and chemical treatment of natural fibers, the strength of the composites can be increased nowadays. The current research investigation focuses on the life cycle assessment of the raw, chemically treated, and copper coated fiber reinforced bagasse and banana composites to compare the emissions on the environment of these samples to prove their applicability. The study includes all the processes, from the extraction of fibers to the formation of composites, i.e., from cradle to gate, and detailed inventory. The ReCiPe H midpoint method has been utilized in SimaPro software to quantify the emissions. The results indicate that the maximum global warming emission is due to the energy consumption used during the manufacturing of these composites. Electricity contribution for chemically treated and copper coated composites in global warming contribution is slightly greater than that of raw composites i.e., 73.275 % in C- BG/P, 73.06 % in Cu- BG/P, 73.65 % in C- BN/P and 74.28 % in Cu- BN/P which is comparatively higher than 63.8 % in R- BG/P and 64.97 % in R- BN/P. The next major contributions come from polylactic acid for all the three samples of bagasse fiber reinforced PLA composite and banana fiber reinforced PLA composite. The raw samples also show improved fiber strength compared to chemical and copper coated samples.
Display omitted
•Life cycle assessment study of treated and untreated biocomposites has been conducted.•The environmental impact has been studied and compared for six different biocomposite samples.•ReCiPe H midpoint method has been utilized to quantify the eighteen environmental emissions.
Polymer nanocomposites (PNCs), and plant fiber reinforced polymer biocomposites (GBCs), and nano-biocomposites (GPNCs) are versatily applied in various industrial, automotive, aerospace, marine, and ...oil and gas sectors because of their design flexibility and vast range of properties. Researches have shown that composites behavior are highly dependant on the properties of its constituting components. However, numerious experimental and simulative studies have demonstrated that composite characteristics does not necessarily align with the rule of mixtures. This trend implies that other factors exist which influence the overall composites physicochemical behavior apart from properties of the constituting components. Polymer matrices/nanofillers interfacial interactions is a major parameter highly affecting nanocomposite behavior. Thus, this paper elucidates various interactions between PNCs components, aspects of polymer/fiber interface in GBCs, and GPNCs, their modes of enhancements, methods of measuring various interactions, and influence of interfacial interactions on selected properties of PNCs, GPNCs, and GBCs.
PDF
