Prenatal exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates may affect fetal growth; however, previous findings are inconsistent and based on few studies.
We assessed whether prenatal exposure to BPA and ...phthalates was associated with fetal growth in a Spanish birth cohort of 488 mother-child pairs.
We measured BPA and eight phthalates four di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites (DEHPm), mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP), and three low-molecular-weight phthalate metabolites (LMWPm) in two spot-urine samples collected during the first and third trimester of pregnancy. We estimated growth curves for femur length (FL), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), biparietal diameter (BPD), and estimated fetal weight (EFW) during pregnancy (weeks 12-20 and 20-34), and for birth weight, birth length, head circumference at birth, and placental weight.
Overall, results did not support associations of exposure to BPA or DEHPm during pregnancy with fetal growth parameters. Prenatal MBzP exposure was positively associated with FL at 20-34 weeks, resulting in an increase of 3.70% of the average FL (95% CI: 0.75, 6.63%) per doubling of MBzP concentration. MBzP was positively associated with birth weight among boys (48 g; 95% CI: 6, 90) but not in girls (-27 g; 95% CI: -79, 25) (interaction p-value = 0.04). The LMWPm mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) was negatively associated with HC at 12-20 pregnancy weeks -4.88% of HC average (95% CI: -8.36, -1.36%).
This study, one of the first to combine repeat exposure biomarker measurements and multiple growth measures during pregnancy, finds little evidence of associations of BPA or phthalate exposures with fetal growth. Phthalate metabolites MBzP and MnBP were associated with some fetal growth parameters, but these findings require replication.
Casas M, Valvi D, Ballesteros-Gomez A, Gascon M, Fernández MF, Garcia-Esteban R, Iñiguez C, Martínez D, Murcia M, Monfort N, Luque N, Rubio S, Ventura R, Sunyer J, Vrijheid M. 2016. Exposure to bisphenol A and phthalates during pregnancy and ultrasound measures of fetal growth in the INMA-Sabadell cohort. Environ Health Perspect 124:521-528; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409190.
Performance of Steel Fibers in Polymer Concrete Nayak, Aditya; Babu, S. Vinay; Ramana, Dr. N. Venkata
International journal of innovative technology and exploring engineering,
10/2019, Volume:
8, Issue:
12
Journal Article
Open access
This article presents the effect of fibers in the polymer concrete. The concrete was designed with M25 grade concrete and 10% of Bisfenol –A was added to produce polymer concrete. Few mixes are ...planned with incorporation of steel fibers in the proportion of 1 and 2% by volume. In all the mixes manufacture sand was used instead of river sand. The tests are conducted to estimate compressive, split and flexural strengths. From the results it is noticed that, the strengths are increasing with incorporation of polymer and steel fibers.
Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the effects of chronic exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) on atrial fibrillation (AF) occurrence in rats. Methods: Twenty-two healthy female Wistar rats were randomized ...into three groups: Control (no BPA; n=7), BPA (exposed to usual BPA doses; 50 μg/kg/day, 9 weeks; n=7), and hBPA (exposed to high BPA doses; 25 mg/kg/day, 9 weeks; n=8). 24-h ECG monitoring was performed using radiotelemetry ECG devices prior to and after transesophageal atrial pacing. Spontaneous and pacing-induced atrial arrhythmias, autonomic tone, and in vivo an in vitro atrial arrhythmogenicity-related parameters were evaluated. Results: All studied parameters were similar between Control and BPA (all p>0.05). However, compared to Control, hBPA presented more atrial premature beats both at baseline (p=0.04) and after pacing (p=0.03), more AF episodes (p<0.001) and of longer duration (p=0.02) following transesophageal stimulation, and significantly higher vagal tone (all p<0.05). Conclusions: Chronic exposure to high, but not usual BPA doses induced significant atrial proarrhythmic effects in healthy rats, and this may be at least partially due to BPA-induced vagal hyperactivation. Exposure to high BPA doses, such as that occurring in plastics industry workers, could favor AF occurrence even in the absence of underlying cardiovascular disease.
Bisfenol A (BPA) e um dos produtos quimicos mais produzido em todo o mundo, e a exposicao humana a ele e considerada onipresente. Assim, ha preocupacoes de que a quantidade de BPA para o qual os ...seres humanos estao expostos podem causar efeitos adversos a saude. Nos examinamos muitas possibilidades sobre o porque estudos de biomonitorizacao e toxicocinetica podem chegar a conclusoes aparentemente conflitantes. Mais de 80 estudos publicados de biomonitorizacao humana que mediram a concentracao de BPA em tecidos humanos, urina, sangue e outros fluidos, juntamente com dois estudos de toxicocinetica do metabolismo humano BPA foram examinados. BPA nao conjugado foi detectado no sangue (nonanogramas por mililitro gama), e BPA conjugado foi detectado na grande maioria das amostras de urina. Em contraste, estudos de toxico-cinetica propuseram que os seres humanos nao sao internamente expostos ao BPA. Dados disponiveis de estudos de biomonitorizacao indicam que a populacao em geral esta exposta ao BPA e em risco de exposicao interna ao BPA nao conjugado. Os dois estudos de toxicocinetica, que sugeriram a exposicao humana ao BPA e insignificante, tem deficiencias significativas e estao diretamente refutados por outros estudos e, portanto nao sao confiaveis para fins de avaliacao de risco.
Abstract Background and objectives In 2010, wind energy coverage in Spain increased by 16%, making the country the world's fourth largest producer in a fast-developing industry that is also a source ...of employment. Occupational skin diseases in this field have received little attention. The present study aims to describe the main characteristics of skin diseases affecting workers in the wind energy industry and the allergens involved. Material and methods We performed a descriptive, observational study of workers from the wind energy industry with suspected contact dermatitis who were referred to the occupational dermatology clinic of the National School of Occupational Medicine (Escuela Nacional de Medicina del Trabajo) between 2009 and 2011. We took both a clinical history and an occupational history, and patients underwent a physical examination and patch testing with the materials used in their work. Results We studied 10 workers (8 men, 2 women), with a mean age of 33.7 years. The main finding was dermatitis, which affected the face, eyelids, forearms, and hands. Sensitization to epoxy resins was detected in 4 workers, 1 of whom was also sensitized to epoxy curing agents. One worker was sensitized to bisphenol F resin but had a negative result with epoxy resin from the standard series. In the 5 remaining cases, the final diagnosis was irritant contact dermatitis due to fiberglass. Conclusions Occupational skin diseases are increasingly common in the wind energy industry. The main allergens are epoxy resins. Fiberglass tends to produce irritation.
Bisfenol A (BPA) uzrokuje endokrine poremećaje koji narušavaju zdravlje ljudi i životinja. Kako se BPA, uz svoju prisutnost u polikarbonatnim posudama i aluminijskim limenkama, nalazi i u hrani i ...piću, ljudi su mu stalno izloženi. Zbog važnosti u javnome zdravstvu i nepostojanja svijesti o izloženosti BPA-u, istražilismo njegovo brzo djelovanje na mišićna tkiva i mogućnosti liječenja monocitima iz koštane srži. U tu je svrhu 16 minisvinja nasumično raspoređeno u četiri skupine (n = 4): 1. kontrolnu skupinu, 2. skupinu koja je bila izložena BPA-u četiri mjeseca, 3. skupinu koja je dva mjeseca bila izložena BPA-u, a zatim joj je uskraćen, 4. skupinu koja je dva mjeseca bila izložena BPA-u, a zatim je dva mjeseca liječena monocitima iz koštane srži. Na kraju liječenja učinjena je biopsija longissimus lumborum (LL). Uzorci su analizirani optičkom i elektronskom mikroskopijom. Istraživanje je pokazalo da nakon kontinuirane izloženosti BPA-u postoje promjene i u mišićnim i u kolagenskim vlaknima. Skupina kojoj je BPA uskraćen nakon dva mjeseca pokazala je reverzibilni degenerativni učinak, s djelomičnim oporavkom i mišićnih i kolagenskih vlakana. U posljednjoj ispitivanoj skupini procijenili smo učinak monocita iz koštane srži na promijenjena mišićna tkiva i promatrali ima li znatnijeg oporavka s obzirom na to da su se gotovo sva promijenjena mišićna i kolagenska vlakna regenerirala.
Bisfenol, koji se koristi u mnogim industrijama polikarbonatne plastike i epoksidnih smola, ima toksične učinke na organe sisavaca. Mehanizmi na kojima se temelji toksičnost bisfenola dobro su ...razumljivi, međutim učinci L-karnitina na kemoprevenciju još nisu zabilježeni. Cilj ovog ispitivanja bio je istražiti zaštitni mehanizam L-karnitina protiv hepatotoksičnosti izazvane BPA-om. Mužjaci štakora slučajnim su odabirom podijeljeni u su u 4 skupine od po 10 štakora: kontrolna skupina (5 mL kukuruznog ulja/kg tjelesne težine), duga skupina (50 mg bisfenol/kg tjelesne težine peroralno), teća skupina (500 mg L-karnitin/kg tjelesne težine i/p) i četvrta skupina (L-karnitin apliciran skupini prethodno tretiranoj bisfenolom). Bisfenol je otopljen u kukuruznom ulju kojim su štakori hranjeni 70 uzastopnih dana. Nakon primjene bisfenola zabilježeno je povećanje mRNK transkripta za stvarnje faktora tumorske nekroze i interleukina 6 uz supresiju nukleotidnog faktora sličnog eritroidu 2, povezanog s faktorom 2. Nakon toga bisfenol je izazvao oksidativni stres i oslabio antioksidativne molekule. Naposljetku, disfunkcija jetre procjenjivana je povišenim razinama aminotransferaza u serumu, alkalne fosfataze, laktat dehidrogenaze, aktivnosti glutamiltransferaze i amonijaka, uz naknadno smanjenje koncentracije serumskog albumina, što je potvrdilo infiltraciju upalnih stanica i hidropičnu degeneraciju, te narušavanje lipidnog statusa. Zanimljivo je da je istodobna primjena L-karnitina poboljšala funkciju jetre i lipidni status, što je objašnjeno aktivacijom transkripta mRNK tipa 2 povezanog s faktorom 2, koji je povećao razine antioksidansa i potisnuo oksidativni stres, te ekspresiju gena faktora tumorske nekroze i interleukina 6. Zaključno, L-karnitin je pokazao hepatozaštitnu aktivnost protiv toksičnosti bisfenola antioksidativnim i protuupalnim učincima.
Biorazgradnja bisfenola A u okolišu Kučić Grgić, Dajana; Kovačević, Antonija; Lovrinčić, Ema ...
Hrvatske vode,
04/2019, Volume:
27, Issue:
107
Paper
Open access
Bisfenol A (BPA) je osnovna građevna jedinica u proizvodnji polikarbonata, epoksi smola, stomatoloških potrepština te drugih materijala. BPA dospijeva u okoliš tijekom kemijske proizvodnje, ...transporta ili prerade te neispravnim odlaganjem proizvoda koji ga sadržavaju. BPA zbog svoje toksičnosti štetno utječe na ljudsko zdravlje, životinjski i biljni svijet te ga je potrebno ukloniti iz okoliša. U ovom je radu provedena biorazgradnja BPA u vodenoj otopini bakterijskim kulturama Pseudomonas aeruginosa BSW, Pseudomonas putida i Streptomyces sp. izoliranim iz okoliša. Pokusima su ispitani različiti čimbenici koji utječu na proces biorazgradnje BPA, poput pH-vrijednosti, temperature i optičke gustoće navedenih kultura. Prema dobivenim rezultatima pri pH-vrijednosti 7 i temperaturi od 35 °C postignuta je najbolja biorazgradnja BPA od 40 %, odnosno 50 % za sva tri ispitana mikroorganizma. Pri optičkoj gustoći od 0,3 postignuta je 10 % veća biorazgradnja BPA nego pri optičkoj gustoći od 0,2 kulturama Pseudomonas aeruginosa BSW i Pseudomonas putida, dok je primjenom kulture Streptomyces sp. najbolja biorazgradnja postignuta pri optičkoj gustoći od 0,2.
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