Izhodišče. Depresija in anksioznost sta pogosti sočasni duševni motnji s kronično bolečino. Bolniki s tema motnjama doživljajo intenzivnejšo bolečino, ki traja dlje časa. Obstajajo tudi ...socialno-kontekstualni dejavniki bolečine, kot so spremenjena socialna vloga človeka s kronično bolečino oziroma socialna izločenost.
Background. Depression, anxiety and chronic pain are frequent co-occurrent disorders. Patients with these mental disorders experience more intense pain that lasts for a longer time.
Method. ...Questionnaire with 228 variables was applied to 109 randomly chosen patients that were treated at an outpatient clinic for treatment of chronic pain of the University Clinical Centre Ljubljana from March to June 2013. 87 patients responded to the questionnaire (79.8%). Location of pain considering diagnosis was the criterion in the discriminant analysis (soft tissue disorders; headache; symptoms not elsewhere classified; back pain) and following summative scores as predictors: level of depression and anxiety (The Zung Self-Rating Depression/Anxiety Scale), evaluation of pain and perceptions of being threatened in social relations.
Results. Average age of participants was M = 52.7 years (SD 13.9), with 70.9% female, 29.1% male participants. 63% of respondents achieved clinically important level of depression and 54% clinically important level of anxiety. On univariate level, the highest level of depression and anxiety was found for back pain and the lowest for headache. No significant difference was found in evaluation of pain and perceptions of being threatened in social relations regarding location of pain. Self-evaluation of depression has, in the framework of discriminant analysis, the largest weight for prediction of differentiation between different locations of pain.
Conclusion. Different locations of pain have different connections with mood levels. The results of research on a preliminary level indicate the need to consider mental experience in the treatment of chronic pain
Izhodišče. Depresija in anksioznost sta pogosti sočasni duševni motnji s kronično bolečino. Bolniki s tema motnjama doživljajo intenzivnejšo bolečino, ki traja dlje časa. Obstajajo tudi socialno-kontekstualni dejavniki bolečine, kot so spremenjena socialna vloga človeka s kronično bolečino oziroma socialna izločenost.
Metoda. Vprašalnike z 228 spremenljivkami smo aplicirali na 109 naključno izbranih bolnikov, ki so se zdravili v Ambulanti za zdravljenje bolečine Kliničnega centra Ljubljana od marca do junija 2013. 87 bolnikov je izpolnilo vprašalnik (79,8 %). V diskriminantni analizi je bil kriterij lokacija bolečine glede na diagnozo (motnja mehkih tkiv; glavobol in živčni pleteži; nespecifični simptomi; bolezni hrbta), kot prediktorji pa seštevne vrednosti depresivnosti (Zungova samoocenjevalna lestvica depresivnosti), anksioznosti (Zungova samoocenjevalna lestvica anksioznosti), evalvacije bolečine in zaznave lastne ogroženosti v socialnih odnosih zaradi bolečine.
Rezultati. Povprečna starost udeležencev je bila 52,7 leta (SD 13,9), 70,9 % žensk in 29,1 % moških. 63 % jih je doseglo klinično pomembno raven depresivnosti in 54 % klinično pomembno raven anksioznosti. Na univariatni ravni smo ugotavljali najvišjo raven depresivnosti in anksioznosti pri lokaciji bolečine v hrbtu, najnižjo pri glavobolu. Med prediktorji diskriminantne analize ima za napoved razlikovanja med bolečinskimi lokacijami izrazito največjo težo samoocena depresivnosti. Gre za zelo visoko korelacijo (0,93). Raven depresivnosti v naturalističnem vzorcu protibolečinske ambulante najbolje napoveduje lokacijo/diagnozo bolečine. Če so udeleženci ocenjevali raven svoje depresivnosti kot visoko, so sodili v skupino z diagnozo bolečine v hrbtu. Udeleženci z diagnozo bolečine v hrbtu tudi v pomembno večjem številu še vedno prebolevajo resne stresorje iz preteklega leta kot udeleženci z drugimi lokacijami bolečine. Udeleženci z lokacijo bolečine glavobol se glede raziskovanih spremenljivk (depresivnost, anksioznost, evalvacija bolečine, zaznava lastne ogroženosti v socialnih odnosih zaradi bolečine) najbolj razlikujejo od udeležencev z drugimi tremi lokacijami bolečine; najbolj so si podobni udeleženci z lokacijo mehkih tkiv in diagnozo nespecifičnih simptomov. Udeleženci pa se glede na lokacijo bolečine niso razlikovali med seboj glede tega, kako škodljivo doživljajo bolečino in kako prizadete se počutijo zaradi bolečine v svojih socialnih odnosih.
Zaključek. Različne lokacije bolečine se na različen način povezujejo z različno ravnijo razpoloženja. V raziskovanem vzorcu je ocena ravni lastne depresivnosti ekskluzivni napovedovalec lokacije bolečine. Rezultati raziskave na preliminarni ravni kažejo potrebo po upoštevanju duševnega doživljanja pri obravnavi bolnikov s kronično bolečino
Health-related absenteeism impacts individuals, companies, and society. Its consequences are reflected in the cost of benefits, substitutes, and reduced productivity. Research shows that ...musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are the most common work-related health problem reported by hospital staff. This study determines the groups at the Ljubljana University Medical Centre that are most susceptible to MSDs, especially low back pain.
Using data from the Health Data Centre of the Slovenian National Public Health Institute and the medical centre, this cross-sectional study analysed absenteeism among medical centre employees. The correlation between MSD / low-back pain risk factors and incidence was determined using logistic regression. An odds ratio was calculated to determine the probability of MSDs, most especially low back pain via sex, age, occupation, and education.
Sick leave at the medical centre is higher than 5%, exceeding the Slovenian healthcare sector average. MSDs, as the main reason for absence, is significantly more frequent in women, non-medical staff, and employees with a maximum secondary school education. Among the MSDs, low back pain predominates as a reason for absence and is most frequent among nurses, midwives, and employees of 20 to 44.9 years old.
This study offers insight into the health status of medical centre employees. The high percentage of sick leave is mainly due to musculoskeletal disorders, including low back pain. This is an important basis for further monitoring and analysis of sick leave indicators and for planning systematic and continuous workplace health-promoting measures to manage ergonomic risk factors and reduce health-related absenteeism.
To identify the factors associated with the onset of depression and anxiety in professional soldiers on a peacekeeping mission in Kosovo in 2009.
A cross-sectional study of 244 members of the ...Slovenian Armed Forces on a peace-keeping mission, using the Depression Self Rating Scale, the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and a background questionnaire, was performed.
A 6.9% prevalence of depression and a 7.9% prevalence of anxiety were identified. The presence of a chronic pain condition and the recent termination of an intimate relationship were independently associated with the onset of either anxiety or depression or with a co-morbidity of anxiety and depression.
In spite of medical and psychological examinations prior to peacekeeping operations, the onset of anxiety and depression calls for special attention and empowerment by teaching peacekeepers how to use their social support and personal mastery resources.
Določiti dejavnike, povezane z nastopom depresije in tesnobe pri poklicnih vojakih na mirovni misiji na Kosovu.
Presečna študija, v katero je bilo vključenih 244 pripadnikov Slovenske vojske na mirovni misiji, je bila izvedena leta 2009. Uporabljeni so bili Zungov vprašalnik za samooceno depresije in anksioznosti, lestvica za samooceno kronične bolečine ter vprašanja o demografskih značilnostih.
Pojavnost depresije je bila 6,9 %, anksioznosti pa 7,9 %. Prisotnost kronične bolečine in nedavna prekinitev intimnega razmerja sta bili neodvisno povezani s pojavom anksioznosti ali depresije oziroma s sopojavljanjem obeh.
Glede na to, da so bili pred odhodom na mirovno misijo vojaki celovito zdravstveno pregledani in psihološko ocenjeni, terja pojav anksioznosti in/ali depresije na mirovni misiji posebno pozornost. Predlagamo poučevanje mirovnikov o uporabi in krepitvi socialne podpore ter osebnih virov odpornosti.
Parenteralna uporaba zdravil za lajšanje bolečine v križu se zaradi odsotnosti dokazov o njihovi večji učinkovitosti in dodatnem tveganju za zaplete odsvetuje. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti, ...kolikšen delež in kateri bolniki z bolečino v križu so dobili zdravilo v injekciji.
V presečni študiji smo med 12.596 zaporednimi obiski pri 42 naključno izbranih zdravnikih družinske medicine analizirali vse obiske zaradi bolečine v križu. Na vzorcu bolnikov v starosti med 18 in 65 let smo analizirali pogostnost in dejavnike, ki vplivajo na odločitev za uporabo protibolečinskih zdravil v injekciji.
Zaradi bolečine v križu je zdravnika obiskalo 819 (6,5 %) vseh obiskovalcev ambulante, 300 (2,4 %) bolnikov z akutno in 519 (4,1 %) s kronično bolečino v križu. Injekcijo je prejelo 132 (20,7 %) obiskovalcev z bolečino v križu, starih med 18 in 65 let. Med dejavniki, ki so se v multivariatnem modelu izkazali kot pomembni pri odločitvi za injekcijo, so bili dejavniki bolnika (višja starost, nižja stopnja izobrazbe), vrsta bolečine v križu (akutna radikularna bolečina) in dejavniki zdravnika (zdravnik specialist, nižja starost). Razlike v odločitvi za injekcijo so bile med zdravniki zelo velike: 8 od 42 zdravnikov injekcije ni dalo niti enemu bolniku, medtem ko se je en zdravnik za injekcijo odločil pri 19 od 32 (59,4 %) bolnikih.
Velike razlike med zdravniki v pogostnosti odločitve za uporabo protibolečinskih zdravil v injekciji pri bolečini v križu kažejo na potrebo po usmerjeni intervenciji, katere cilj bi bil poenotiti delo zdravnikov ter povečati kakovost in varnost obravnave bolnikov.
Injections are not recommended due to the lack of evidence about their effectiveness and potential additional risks. We would like to know the proportion and characteristics of general practice attainders with low back pain who were treated with medications in injection.
In a cross-sectional study including 12,596 consecutive attainders of general practice in 42 general practices, we analysed all the contacts due to low back pain. In a sample of attainders in the age group from 18 to 65, we analysed the proportion and factors influencing a decision for treatment with medications in injection.
Low back pain was the reason for attendance in 819 (6.5%) patients; 300 (2.4%) with acute and 519 (4.1%) with chronic low back pain. 132 (20.7%) patients from 18 to 65 years were treated with medications in injection. In multivariate analysis, several factors were found to be important for the decision for injection of medications: patients’ characteristics (older age, lower level of education), type of pain (acute ishialgic pain) and physicians’ factors (specialisation in family medicine, younger age). Differences between physicians in using injections were significant: 8 out of 42 physicians did not use injections, but there was a physician who used injections in 19 out of 32 patients (59.4%).
Huge differences in the use of medications in injection in patients with low back pain indicate a necessity for intervention whose aim would be to reduce the differences between physicians and improve the quality and safety of patient care.
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