It is well known, that in German Cities integrated planning of green open spaces and buildings is developed by the collaboration of Flächennutzungsplan and Bebauungsplan based on Baugeseztbuch and ...Landschaftsplan and Grünordnungsplan. But concrete information and consideration about it is few in Japan. And recently distributed rain water infiltration management concept is actively introduced in urban areas, and integrated rain water management with green open spaces becomes common base of urban planning. In this paper the trend and concept of integrated management of green space and rain water management is considered though four concrete examples of redevelopment in Munich.
Zusammenfassung
In diesem Beitrag wird eine adaptierte Form der niederländischen ABC-Standortplanung als Methode der Baulandpotenzialanalyse diskutiert. Die Bewertung der Baulandreserven erfolgt nach ...zwei Kriterien: erstens nach der Erreichbarkeit von hochrangigen ÖPNV-Standorten sowie von Ortszentren und zweitens nach der Einwohnerdichte im umliegenden Siedlungsgefüge. Das Ziel des Beitrages ist es, diese Methode nicht nur als technische Bewertung für Planer, sondern aufgrund ihrer Transparenz und Nachvollziehbarkeit auch als „Mediations- und Kommunikationsinstrument“ für Diskussionsprozesse auf der örtlichen Ebene zu nutzen. Dazu wird als Fallstudie eine Bewertung der Baulandreserven der niederösterreichischen Gemeinden des Biosphärenparks Wienerwald vorgenommen, die nicht nur durch eine von der österreichischen Bundeshauptstadt Wien ausgehende, beträchtliche suburbane Überprägung, sondern auch durch eine ausgeprägte Heterogenität der Siedlungsstruktur gekennzeichnet sind. Die vorgestellte Methode dient nicht nur dazu, den Prozess der Nachhaltigkeit in der örtlichen Raumplanung zu operationalisieren, sondern möchte auch Planungsprozesse im Sinne einer
Governance
-Strategie für größere Akteursgruppen öffnen und damit auf der örtlichen Ebene breitere Diskussionsprozesse darüber initiieren, wann Siedlungsentwicklung „gut“ oder „schlecht“ ist.
Examination of Medieval“Pit Building, ” Suzuki, Kota
Nihon Kokogaku(Journal of the Japanese Archaeological Association),
2006/05/20, Volume:
13, Issue:
21
Journal Article
Open access
A "Pit building (tateana tatemono)"is a semi-basement building, constructed by digging a pit in the ground and utilizing the space. The majority of such buildings have sides of between 2 and 6 ...meters, but some are reported to exceed ten meters. Many of them appeared after the latter half of the 12th century, and reports are made throughout the medieval. On the other hand, a pit dwelling existed in the Japanese Islands since the Jomon period. However, after continuing through the Yayoi and Kofun periods, they seem to have been abandoned in West Japan around the 7th century and in East Japan around the 10th century. Therefore, it is difficult to assume a direct lineal relationship with the medieval pit building. Nevertheless, there are a few reports of pit building in 11th century in the northern Tohoku region and Hakata, so the lineage with the pit dwelling should be discussed in the future. Pit buildings have been widely recognized since examples were reported from Kamakura sites in 1982, and they began to be reported nationally in Japan. The majority of pit buildings in various places in the country had a structure of posts supporting a roof, so called chuketsudachi structure. On the other hand, the majority in Kamakura sites had a structure in which corner and center posts were set on a base of square lumbers placed at the bottom of the pit to create an inner space. In this article, the basic structures of these buildings were classified in order to point out the differences between the two. And by doing so, it was proposed that the building structure of the Kamakura sites was characteristic among the Japanese Islands. Also views were given on space utilization of the city based on dating and rebuilding by detailed examination of the building structures. For the dating of pit buildings in Kamakura, there hasn't been any direct research up to the present. The author examined overlapped features of pit buildings to find the chronological relationship. The latest feature found was set as the bottom dating, and the transition of the bit buildings within the archaeological features was followed. As a result, it is estimated that pit buildings emerged in Kamakura in the second quarter of the 13th century and the bottom dating was assumed as the 15th century. The overlays of pit building features did not show much move in rebuilding and reconstruction took place repeatedly in the same spot. The boundary of such structures was assumed as a"lot." It used to be considered that lots did not exist in "seaside"are of Kamakura, but our examination indicated the possibilities of such existence. This lot is evidence of land regulation in medieval cites, and it is assumed to be under the city system. This issue should be developed to the discussion of city and city structures in the future.
Utvrđen je model planske komasacije građevinskog zemljišta, a predstavlja jedno strukturno pravilo prostornog planiranja i doprinos je tehničkih znanosti u polju arhitekture i urbanizma. Primijenjena ...je empirijska i matematička metoda. Rezultati planske komasacije su kombinirani postupak primjene izraza jednadžbi i dijelova dokumenta plana prostornog uređenja u načinu sređivanja vlasništva u obuhvatu jedinstvene parcele. Sređivanje vlasništva uključuje diobu površina građevinskog zemljišta privatnog i javnog interesa. Zemljišta privatnog interesa se dijele na isto-namjenske površine. Pojedine isto-namjenske površine, primjenom jednadžbi i brojčanih podataka iz spomenutog plana se ravnomjerno oblikuju, položajno i veličinom vlasničkih komada zemljišta za parcelaciju i uknjižbu. Plansko zemljište javnog interesa se ravnomjerno iz površina suvlasništva odvaja za komunalne parcele, parcelira i knjiži za nadležno tijelo vlasti.
Zakon o planiranju i izgradnji Republike Srbije iz 2009. g. dopušta sve oblike svojine na građevinskom zemljištu (privatna, javna, zadružna), ali reguliše građevinsko zemljište u javnoj i privatnoj ...svojini. Najvažnija novina Zakona je što omogućava pretvaranje prava korišćenja društvene/državne svojine u pravo privatne ili javne svojine na građevinskom zemljištu i privatizaciju svojine na građevinskom zemljištu. Zakon je omogućio da se konverzijom uspostavi pravno jedinstvo svojine na zemljištu i zgradi tako što vlasnik objekta postaje vlasnik (suvlasnik) zemljišta. Iako je ovo rešenje suprotno pravilu superficies solo cedit, po kome vlasnik zemljišta stiče svojinu na zgradi, ovo je jedini način da se otkloni dualitet svojine na zemljištu i zgradi nastao u periodu bivše socijalističke Jugoslavije.
Konverzija prava korišćenja u pravo svojine na građevinskom zemljištu se vrši za svaku pojedinačnu katastarsku parcelu i odvija se na dva načina: bez naknade ili uz naknadu tržišne vrednosti zemljišta.
Pravo na konverziju bez naknade tržišne vrednosti zemljišta imaju fizička i pravna lica koji su kao vlasnici zgrada ili etažni vlasnici imali pravo korišćenja građevinskog zemljišta tako što na njemu stiču privatnu svojinu, odnosno susvojinu; ovo pravo imaju i javni subjekti (Republika Srbija, autonomna pokrajina, jedinice lokalne samouprave – opština, grad) koji stiču javnu svojinu na građevinskom zemljištu.
Pravo na konverziju uz naknadu imaju privredna društva i druga pravna lica koja su pravo korišćenja građevinskog zemljišta u državnoj svojini stekla primenom odredbi zakona o privatizaciji, stečaju ili izvršnom postupku; kao i lica koji su stekli pravo građenja na neizgrađenom građevinskom zemljištu u državnoj svojini do 13. 5. 2003. g. Ova lica su obavezna da naknade tržišnu vrednost građevinskog zemljišta u momentu konverzije umanjenu za troškove pribavljanja prava korišćenja građevinskog zemljišta (čl. 103. Zakona). Uredbom Vlade Republike Srbije se razrađuje postupak i način obračunavanja tržišne vrednosti. Troškovi pribavljanja prava korišćenja obuhvataju „ukupnu revalorizovanu cenu kapitala, odnosno imovine, isplaćenu u postupku privatizacije privrednog društva ili drugog pravnog lica, odnosno u stečajnom ili izvršnom postupku” (čl. 4. Uredbe).
PDF
