Following in the lineage of Adsorption by Carbons (Bottani & Tascon, 2008), this work explores current research within contemporary novel carbon adsorbents. Both basic and applied aspects are ...discussed for this important class of materials. The first section of the book introduces physical adsorption and carbonaceous materials, and is followed by a section concerning the fundamentals of adsorption by carbons. This leads to development of a series of theoretical concepts that serve as an introduction to the following section in which adsorption is mainly envisaged as a tool to characterize the porous texture and surface chemistry of carbons. Particular attention is paid to novel nanocarbons, and the electrochemistry of adsorption by carbons is also addressed. Finally, several important technological applications of gas and liquid adsorption by carbons in areas such as environmental protection and energy storage constitute the last section of the book.
Encompasses fundamental science of adsorption by carbons, in one location, supporting current R&D without extensive literature review Describes adsorption as it is currently applied to major novel types of carbon materials, including carbon gels, carbide-derived carbons, zeolite-templated carbvons, hydrothermal carbons, carbon nanohorns and graphene Specific discussion of fuel storage, environmental remediation and biomedical applications, of contemporary interest to many surface chemists and applications-focused researchers
Sulton MN, Putri NRA, Nugraheni RS, Afifah RN, Fadilah RN, Indrawan M, Kusumaningrum L, Sutarno, Sunarto, Sugiyarto, Pradhan P, Setyawan AD. 2023. Estimating carbon storage using remote sensing in ...the Selo Resort forest area of Mount Merbabu National Park, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6264-6270. This study is of paramount importance for long-term climate change mitigation efforts, as it aims to estimate carbon storage and assess land cover density in Selo Resort forest area of Mount Merbabu National Park (MMbNP), Central Java, Indonesia, utilizing remote sensing techniques. Sentinel 2A satellite imagery, acquired on May 28, 2023, serves as the foundational dataset for this research. Employing ArcGIS 10.5, the satellite imagery was processed to derive the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), a critical parameter in this analysis. The NDVI values were subsequently employed to categorize land cover density, leading to the classification of land into five distinct classes: non-vegetation, shrubs, low density, medium density, and high density. This classification process enabled the determination of land cover density. The calculated values for each density class, namely low, medium, and high-density land cover, revealed substantial carbon storage potentials: 12,357.99 tons C, 92,871.04 tons C, and 73,542.06 tons C, respectively. Moreover, the computed areas for low, medium, and high-density cover were 202.59 ha, 364.93 ha, and 348.26 ha, respectively. This study underscores the need for ongoing monitoring to detect changes in land cover and to implement afforestation initiatives in areas with low-density vegetation. Such efforts are crucial for the preservation of land cover and the associated carbon storage benefits, thereby contributing to broader climate change mitigation strategies.
Analyzing the carbon sink of cropland and its relationship with influencing factors is of great significance to improve carbon sink and develop sustainable agriculture. However, fewer studies ...evaluated the spatial relationship at multiple scales. In this study, we first quantified the carbon sink of cropland in China in 2020 using empirical model. Then, we used the Geographical Weighted Regression model to quantify the relationship between carbon sink of cropland and influencing factors at the national, agricultural zone and provincial scales. Finally, we discussed potential ways to enhance carbon sink of cropland. The results found that the total carbon sink of cropland in 2020 was in surplus, with 2.56 billion tons, showing a spatial distribution of “high north and low south”. There was significant spatial heterogeneity in the relationship between carbon sink of cropland and influencing factors. Labor size and agricultural inputs were most closely related to carbon sink of cropland. The areas with significant correlation were 116.99 and 108.79 million ha, respectively, or 93.17% and 86.64% of the total cropland. Carbon sink of cropland will have strong economic value, with 1.17 trillion yuan in China in 2020, which can increase farmers' per capita income by 1.34%. In order to enhance the carbon sink of cropland, we suggest that China's agricultural sector should reduce farmers' production costs, further improve the carbon trading platform for realizing the economic value of carbon sink of cropland, and then promote the sustainable development of agriculture.
Mining is environmentally disruptive which requires tons of earth materials to be removed and causes modification in original land cover. The processing of materials also requires huge amount of ...energy. In this study, we calculated the Ecological Footprint (EF) of built-up and carbon absorption land for global mining activities with a dataset provided by Werner and colleagues. We first corrected the yield factor and equivalence factor of built-up land. The life cycle inventory to calculate the EF of carbon absorption land was obtained from literatures. According to the findings, tailings storage facility, waste rock dump and riverine tailings disposal had higher EF of built-up land. EF of carbon absorption land was significantly huge, and underground mines had generally higher values than surface mines whereas surface mines had higher EF of built-up land. We also discussed some mechanisms regarding how to reduce the EF of carbon absorption land.
Display omitted
Gajahmada Street is one of the main streets in the city of Semarang. The location is very strategic, which connects the Golden Triangle Region in Semarang City which is the center of the city. As a ...city center, transportation activities in the area are very high. Transportation activities produce carbon dioxide emissions. The accumulation of carbon dioxide emissions is dangerous for health and the environment. Semarang City Government provides green open space along the road section to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. The purpose of this study was to determine the vegetation resilience to absorbing carbon dioxide at that location. The data collection method uses literature collection and field observations. The results showed the ability of green open space to absorb carbon dioxide emissions is 1.218,7 tons/ha/year. While the emissions produced are 6.832 tons/year, meaning that there is residual carbon dioxide that is not absorbed, that is 5.613,3 tons/year.
Here we present the results of the reforestation project in degraded areas of the Tarumá-Açu Watershed and the estimation of the CO fixation for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions during the ...20-year period. For each species analyzed after planting, during the period 2015-2019, the method used was participatory observation, where those involved analyzed the data in loco, recording, through photos, the development of seedlings in terms of growth, mortality and survival in order to replace the dead with others that could carry out the functions of environmental protection and minimize the degradation process of the area. It can be said that the management of the process was necessary due to the climatic changes that occur during the year, since the monitoring of the species occurred in March, the rainy season and August, the summer season, or different periods: complete and dry. The observation was part of the whole process, from the moment of requesting the seedlings to replace the dead ones, analyzing those that have a higher survival rate and those that need a closer monitoring, due to the mortality rate. The growth, mortality and survival rates of the species are highly variable. Each species has different characteristics, therefore, the data found present different percentages for species planted in the same area, either lowlands or igapó. In 5 years of topography of the species and data, it can be said that the plants gradually adapt to the adversities of the soil and climate. Planting seedlings in the field should preferably be carried out after 30 days of preparation of the pits. The planting procedure is the same as described above, needing to remove the package containing the seedling and only then insert it into the well. The pit is then closed with the soil pressing it, so that there is more contact between the seedling substrate and the soil. As a result of the first step of the experimental methodology, with the participation of the community, students and volunteers, a brochure on how to care for the environment was distributed free of charge, illustrated by the Amazonian fauna, existing in the area, in schools and the community, at the end of each conference on environmental education.
In this paper, a reaction-diffusion dual carbon model associated with Dirichlet boundary condition is proposed under the influence of economic development in China. First, we enumerate and analyse ...some influencing factors of carbon emission and carbon absorption, and select economic development as the influence factor of carbon emission. Second, we establish a model associated with dual carbon and analyse the existence and stability of equilibrium and the existence of bifurcations. Finally, we analyse and predict for the value of parameters. Numerical simulations are presented to support our theory results. Combined with theoretical analysis and numerical simulations, we obtain that China can achieve carbon peak before 2030. If we want to achieve carbon neutral before 2060, it requires efforts from all of parts of society. Therefore, we put forward some practical suggestions to achieve carbon neutrality and carbon peak on schedule in China for the next few decades.
In this modelling study, the absorption influence on radiation, apart from scattering, is studied above the Aegean Sea (Eastern Mediterranean) under a typical warm 13-day period with northern winds, ...transporting polluted air masses. The simulated (WRF-Chem) forcing caused by the total absorption is estimated along with black carbon (BC), dust, and sea salt contributions, 1.3, 1.2, 0.1 and nearly zero W m−2, accordingly. As dust and sea salt influence is negligible, the main focus is on BC. BC absorption reduces downward shortwave irradiance reaching the ground by up to 5.2 W m−2 and the upward part by up to 1.7 W m−2. The downward and the upward longwave irradiances are augmented by up to 2.3 and 1.2 W m−2, accordingly. Even though the cloud formation is not favoured during the study period, BC absorption reduces overall the cloud water mixing ratio by 10% (semi-direct effect). However, during specific days and over limited cloudy areas, the semi-direct effect reduces low level clouds up to 20% while in case of higher clouds the reduction reaches up to ~29%. In order to examine the physical mechanisms below semi-direct effect, all modelled heating rates are analysed. Radiation direct absorption increases the air temperature with a rate up to 0.2 K day−1, with an exception inside the surface layer, where unexpectedly longwave cooling prevails. The heating of the surface layer is mainly attributed to the advection process, as more heated air masses are transported over the Aegean Sea.
•The forcing of BC, dust, and sea salt absorption under Etesians is estimated at 1.2, 0.1 and nearly zero W m−2, accordingly.•BC absorption reduces the SW↓ by 5.5 W m-2 near the surface and augments the LW↑ by 0.3 W m-2 at the TOA.•BC absorption reduces the cloud water mixing ratio on average by 10% (semi-direct effect).•BC absorption influences all physical and dynamical heating processes producing heating rates up to 0.2 K day−1.•The mean daily temperature increases by up to 0.8 K near the surface.
How to evaluate the change characteristics of energy carbon emissions (ECE) and vegetation carbon absorption (VCA) by scientific methods is particularly important for achieving carbon peak by 2030 ...and carbon neutrality by 2060. Based on provincial-level energy consumption data, nighttime light data, and population data, this study realized spatial simulation of energy carbon emissions and analyzed the change characteristics of energy carbon emissions (ECE) and vegetation carbon absorption (VCA) combined with the net primary productivity (NPP)of vegetation. Besides, the relationship between energy carbon emissions, vegetation carbon absorption, and economic development was also analyzed at an urban scale. The results showed that (1) the total ECE increased from 4.34 billion tons in 2000 to 14.43 billion tons in 2019, but the growth rate of ECE decreased from 15.9% during 2000–2010 to 3.1% during 2010–2019. The VCA capacity has been increasing year by year. In 2019, it could absorb 1.56 billion tons more carbon dioxide than in 2000 with an increase of 16.1%. (2) Through the identification of the increasing and decreasing regions of ECE and VCA, it was found that the continuous rise area of ECE accounts for 0.5% of the study area; the area of fluctuating rise accounted for 6.7% of the study area. The area of continuous decline of VCA accounted for 0.2% of the study area; the area of fluctuating decline accounted for 49.6% of the study area. (3) The eastern China accounted for 42% of ECE and 17% of VCA with 11.4% of land, while the western region accounted for 26% of ECE and 55% of VCA with 66.6% of land, which indicated that there were significant differences in the characteristics of carbon budget between the eastern China and the western region. (4) The carbon pressure index (CPI) of most cities was on the rise, but the carbon efficiency index (CEI) was also on the rise, and cities were developing towards the model of low energy consumption and high output value. In a word, the growth rate of ECE is slowing down, and the VCA capacity is increasing. In the process of promoting carbon neutrality, we should be aware of the different resource endowments of different regions, realize the actual role of each region in carbon neutrality and economic development, and allocate carbon neutrality tasks differently.
PDF
