Controlled partial enzymatic hydrolysis has been shown to be an efficacious strategy for devising and construction of multifunctional soy protein nanoparticles (SPNPs). In this work, we reported a ...successful fabrication of novel SPNPs obtained from self-assembly of the amphiphilic hydrolysate after partial hydrolysis of soy protein isolate (DH, 4%), and explored their potential as a nanocarrier for active cargo delivery. Curcumin was effectively loaded into the hydrophobic core of SPNPs by utilizing the pH-driven method, and the resultant curcumin-loaded SPNPs were spherical with a small particle size (80 nm in diameter), homogeneous size distribution and relatively high encapsulation efficiency (78%). The solubility and stability of curcumin against different NaCl concentrations (0–300 mM) and temperatures (75–95 °C) were remarkably enhanced by encapsulation into SPNPs. Additionally, SPNPs were able to effectively protect curcumin from degradation or precipitation during simulated gastric-intestinal digestion, showing a significantly enhanced bioaccessibility. Encapsulated curcumin was valid in alleviating cell oxidative damage induced by H2O2, mainly by scavenging intracellular free radicals, inhibiting lipid oxidation, and elevating endogenous antioxidant enzymes levels. Interestingly, the vehicle SPNPs showed synergistic antioxidant effect, creatively evidencing their bifunctionality in cellular antioxidant activity.
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•Self-assembled soy protein nanoparticles (SPNPs) were obtained via partial enzymatic hydrolysis.•Curcumin was efficiently loaded into the hydrophobic core of SPNPs by pH-driven method.•Curcumin-loaded SPNPs was stable against digestion.•SPNPs and curcumin showed synergistic antioxidant effect during cellular delivery.
Cellular Antioxidant Activity of Common Fruits Wolfe, Kelly L; Kang, Xinmei; He, Xiangjiu ...
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,
09/2008, Volume:
56, Issue:
18
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Measurement of antioxidant activity using biologically relevant assays is important in the screening of fruits for potential health benefits. The cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) assay quantifies ...antioxidant activity in cell culture and was developed to meet the need for a more biologically representative method than the popular chemistry antioxidant capacity measures. The objective of the study was to determine the cellular antioxidant activity, total phenolic contents, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values of 25 fruits commonly consumed in the United States. Pomegranate and berries (wild blueberry, blackberry, raspberry, and blueberry) had the highest CAA values, whereas banana and melons had the lowest. Apples were found to be the largest contributors of fruit phenolics to the American diet, and apple and strawberries were the biggest suppliers of cellular antioxidant activity. Increasing fruit consumption is a logical strategy to increase antioxidant intake and decrease oxidative stress and may lead to reduced risk of cancer.
The potential applications of food-derived antioxidant peptides as additives, nutraceuticals and therapeutic agents have fueled current interests to discover them from diverse plant sources. A ...growing number of antioxidant peptides have been identified from edible plant sources, as well as plant-based agricultural and food-processing by-products.
We summarized recent progress in the research of plant-derived antioxidant peptides, particularly their biological effects, mechanisms, and structure-activity relationship. Many studies assessed the potency of antioxidant peptides by using chemical assays. However, the outcome of chemical methods may not reflect the biological significance. Thus, this review focusses on antioxidant peptides whose effectiveness was demonstrated by using cellular and/or animal models. This review pays particular attention to studies which successfully determined the sequences of antioxidant peptides under investigation. Due to the scarcity of the assessment of pure antioxidant peptides in animal models, in vivo evidence from well-characterized peptide fractions or hydrolysates will also be discussed.
Plant-derived antioxidant peptides diminished reactive oxygen species production, besides activating endogenous antioxidant defenses in cellular models. Some such peptides exerted protection by modulating pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins as well as gene and protein expression of antioxidant enzymes. By using cellular models, the intestinal absorption and metabolism of such peptides were elucidated. Plant protein hydrolysates enhanced antioxidant protection in animal models, often by upregulating antioxidant enzyme activities in various body tissues. The structure-activity relationship of plant-derived antioxidant peptides is not well-understood. Nevertheless, information connecting peptide secondary structure to cellular antioxidant effects has emerged.
•Plant-derived peptides upregulated antioxidant defenses in cells.•Intestinal absorption and metabolism of some peptides were elucidated.•Plant protein hydrolysates enhanced antioxidant protection in animal models.•Secondary structures influence cellular antioxidant effects of peptides.
Phenolic compounds and biopotential (antioxidant, cellular antioxidant and cytotoxic activity) of grape pomace (GP) skin, seed, stem and whole GP originating from indigenous red grape variety ...Prokupac were evaluated. The UHPLC-Orbitrap MS4 analysis showed the presence of 75 phenolic compounds (57 non-anthocyanins and 18 anthocyanins), among which considerable content of ethyl gallate was observed and malvidin-3-O-hexoside-(8,8)-methylmethyne-(epi)catechin was identified. The stem had significant content of stilbenoids. The GP seed and the whole GP showed the highest antioxidant activity estimated by ABTS•+ DPPH• and H2O2 scavenging assays that were strongly correlated with the presence of flavan-3-ols, phenolic acids and ethyl gallate. The GP skin exerted cellular antioxidant activity on adenocarcinoma cells (EC50 = 56.4 mg TPCs/mL) which was strongly correlated with the presence of flavonols and anthocyanins. These by-products of Prokupac red grape variety are a notable source of phenolic compounds with good antioxidant activity that can be extensively used in food and pharmaceutical industry.
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•Seventy five phenolic compounds were quantified in grape pomace of Prokupac variety.•Considerable amount of ethyl gallate was observed in the grape pomace extracts.•The stem contained significant amount of stilbenoids.•The seed and whole pomace showed the highest radicals and H2O2 scavenging activities.•The extracts of grape pomace skin exerted the cellular antioxidant activity.
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Blueberry anthocyanins are well-known for their diverse biological functions. However, the instability during digestion results in their weak bioavailability. The current study aimed ...to investigate the alteration in the stability, antioxidant capacity and bioaccessibility of blueberry anthocyanins with the addition of α-casein and β-casein in a simulated digestion system using pH differential method, HPLC-MS analysis, peroxyl scavenging capacity (PSC) assay, cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) and penetration test. The results showed that both α-casein and β-casein could increase the stability of blueberry anthocyanins during intestinal digestion and protect their antioxidant capacity. Moreover, the addition of α-casein or β-casein would enhance the bioaccessibility of blueberry anthocyanins. In conclusion, our study highlights that the interaction between α-casein or β-casein with blueberry anthocyanins can protect the compounds against influences associated with the simulated digestion.
Oligomeric procyanidins (OPC) from lychee pericarp were encapsulated in liposomes using the film dispersion method, and their physicochemical and structural properties, stability and antioxidant ...activity were determined. Results indicated that liposomes prepared under a 1:15 cholesterol to yolk lecithin ratio, 1:30 OPC to lecithin and 15 g/L Tween-80 generated particles with a size range of 80–100 nm. The highest encapsulation efficiency (90.92 ± 0.47%) was achieved when the OPC load rate was 2%. The liposomes were spherical vesicles, as seen under transmission electron microscopy, and were stable at 4 °C. Metal ions and preservatives at a concentration of 0.5% (m:v) had no significant effect on the particle size and zeta-potential. The encapsulation by a phospholipid bilayer effectively reduced the loss of antioxidant activity of OPC during storage. The ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) values of individual OPC decreased by 3.32–35.22%, 20.10–38.08% and 43.56%, respectively, while for OPC-liposomes, these values decreased by 2.75–22.40%, 6.06–17.92% and 12.86%. These results suggest that liposomes offer a feasible option for stabilizing lychee pericarp procyanidins.
•Liposomes loaded with lychee pericarps procyanidins, mianly A-type, were prepared.•The highest encapsulation efficiency (90.92 ± 0.47%) was achieved when the OPC load rate was 2%.•The cellar antioxidant activities of Liposomes loaded with lychee pericarp procyanidins were evaluated.•The addition of procyanidins can also effectively reduce the occurrence of lipid peroxidation.•Liposome encapsulation can effectively maintain the antioxidant capacity of lychee pericarp procyanidin during storage.
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•The Se-enriched oyster antioxidant peptides were purified by RP-HPLC.•Three novel Se-enriched peptides LLVSeMY, MMDSeML, and VSeMDSeML were obtained.•Se-enriched peptides exhibited ...excellent cellular antioxidant activity and cytoprotective effect.•The antioxidative mechanism of Se-enriched peptides were predicted using molecular docking.
Natural organic selenium (Se) has multiple physiological health benefits and has become a hotspot of research in recent years. In this study, the Se-enriched antioxidant peptides were purified from Se-enriched oyster hydrolysate. Three novel Se-enriched antioxidant peptides LLVSeMY (685.2953 Da), MMDSeML (687.1875 Da) and VSeMDSeML (703.1599 Da) were identified from fraction F6-4, which all exhibited strong cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) with EC50 values of 0.739, 0.423, and 0.395 μg/mL, respectively. These three Se-enriched antioxidant peptides (0.025 mg/mL) could significantly enhanced cell viability to 84.60 ± 3.32% ∼ 86.18 ± 1.36% compared with the AAPH injury group (75.99 ± 0.79%), and the cytoprotective effects were even better than that of GSH (80.47 ± 2.78%). Moreover, these three Se-enriched peptides also significantly protected HepG2 cells from AAPH-induced oxidative injury by inhibiting ROS production and enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes. The molecular docking results showed that these three Se-enriched peptides can form stable hydrogen and hydrophobic bonds with key amino acid residues of Keap1 protein, thereby potentially regulating the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway. In conclusion, the three novel Se-enriched oyster antioxidant peptides are expected to be used in medicine or functional food, providing a new theoretical basis for the high-value utilization of natural organic Se.
•Particle size decreased with the increase of dry-heating time of glycation.•BSA-dextran nanoparticle was stable during storage.•Curcumin in BSA-dextran nanoparticle showed better chemical ...stability.•BSA-dextran-based nanoparticle remarkably improve the CAA of curcumin.
Bovine serum albumin (BSA)-dextran conjugate was prepared with glycation. Self-assembly nanoparticles were synthesized with a green, and facile approach. The effects of dry-heating time on the fabrication and characteristics of BSA-dextran conjugate nanoparticles were examined. Stable nanoparticles (<200nm) were formed after only 6h dry-heating because enough dextran was grafted onto the BSA to provide significant steric hindrance. Particle size decreased with the increase of dry-heating time and the lowest particle size (51.2nm) was obtained after 24h dry-heating. The nanoparticles were stable in a wide pH range (pH 2.0–7.0). The particle size of nanoparticles increased to 115nm after curcumin incorporation and was stable even after one-month storage. TEM results demonstrated that curcumin-loaded nanoparticles displayed a spherical structure and were homogeneously dispersed. Curcumin in BSA-dextran nanoparticle showed better stability, compared to free curcumin. In addition, BSA-dextran nanoparticles can improve the cellular antioxidant activity of curcumin in Caco-2 cells.
Three refined and four unrefined branded commercial sugars available in Korea were investigated in terms of pH, soluble solids, moisture, ash content, turbidity, color values, microbial profile, ...reducing power, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activities, cellular antioxidant activity, and total phytoconstituent (i.e. phenolic, flavonoid, mineral, sucrose, glucose, and fructose) contents using standard analytical protocols such as high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography-flame ionization detector/mass spectrometry, and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. All tested physicochemical parameters were within the recommended standard levels. Significantly high nutritional and antioxidant properties were observed for the unrefined sugars, especially AUNO® sugar, whereas a high sucrose content was detected for the refined sugars. Hence, this study revealed that the degree of purification affects the nutritional values and antioxidant potentials of sugars. The present findings also indicate that unrefined sugars can be used as sweeteners in sugar-based cuisine to obtain nutritional and antioxidant-rich foodstuff.
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•Refining process affects the nutritive and antioxidant properties of sugars.•Physicochemical characters of analyzed sugars are within the recommended range.•The absence of microbes indicates the outstanding hygiene of tested sugars.•Cellular antioxidant actives of commercial sugars were evaluated.•Unrefined sugars contain health beneficial and sensory compounds.
•Enzymatic hydrolysis strategies of different edible aquatic animals were reviewed.•Methods for purification and peptide sequence identification were summarized.•The antioxidant mechanisms in ...cellular and animal models were discussed.•Structure-activity relationships of peptides from different sources were compared.•Stability and intestinal absorption of antioxidant peptides were introduced.
Peptides with strong antioxidant activity have been increasingly extracted from various edible aquatic animals, as natural substitutes for synthetic antioxidants. In this paper, a systematic review of the research progress on the enzymatic hydrolysis strategy and structure–activity relationship of antioxidant peptides from edible aquatic animals, especially marine animals, over the last decade was presented. The selection of enzymes varied markedly among organs and tissues. Tools and indicators used in the purification and identification process were clarified. The similarity and the difference in structure and antioxidant activity between vertebrate-derived peptides and invertebrate-derived peptides were discussed. The stability of antioxidant peptides was reviewed. Most peptides could maintain activity under mild conditions, but they hardly resisted gastrointestinal digestion. The poor ability of peptides to cross the small intestinal epithelium in prototype form brought a challenge for food and pharmaceutical applications.
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