Purpose: The study aims (1) to explore the comprehension and implementation of halal certification essence from the producers perspective of MSMEs, and (2) to make the model to apply the halal ...certification essence to MSMEs.
Design/methodology/approach: This study used qualitative methods with Hussel's phenomenological approach. This research takes a setting in East Java. The data analysis is the Interactive Model Analysis from Miles and Huberman.
Findings: The results showed indicate that the comprehension and implementation of halal certification essence from a producer's perspective of MSMEs in East Java is still relatively low. There are many MSMEs do not have certificates even though they understand the importance of halal certificates. The phenomenon at MSME producers showed that theoretically the halal certificates refers to the first basis set by Islam, namely the origin of something created by Allah is halal and permissible.
Research limitations/implications: The samples and findings are exclusively to MSMEs that very supportive in determining informants and research clusters based on MSME industry groups
Practical implications: Local governments should conduct training or coaching on positive mental strength, financial management, financial management literacy, risk management training, promotion and marketing strategy training and tourism management training. These trainings need to be done in order MSMEs have the competence and the comprehension on halal certification as one of capabilities of a good promotion The strategy and marketing strategy
Social Implications: The training pattern should use a mentoring system by involving academics. The training to MSMEs should be done routinely. Training should be maintained properly at intervals, coordination and cooperation between the government and entrepreneurs.
Originality/value: The research originality is shown by the MSMEs comprehension and mapping of halal certification as well as models to implement the halal certification essence in form of MUI regulations, MUI supervision, producer aspects and increased awareness of MSMEs in essence halal certification to supports the development of MSMEs.
•EU policy efforts on energy efficiency in buildings stared in the 1970s in response to the oil crisis.•The first comprehensive EU policy was the SAVE directive in 1992, introducing policy actions ...still relevant today.•A major step forward was the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive in 2002 and its subsequent amendments.•Mandatory energy performance standards are progressively converging towards near zero energy buildings.•Additional policies and financing are needed for the full decarbonisation of the building stock.
The reduction of energy demand in buildings through the adoption of energy efficiency policy is a key pillar of the European Union (EU) climate and energy strategy. Energy efficiency first emerged in the EU energy policy agenda in the 1970s and was progressively transformed with shifting global and EU energy and climate policies and priorities. The paper offers a review of EU energy policies spanning over the last half century with a focus on policy instruments to encourage measures on energy efficiency in new and existing buildings. Starting from early policies set by the EU in response to the Oil Embargo in the 1973, the paper discusses the impact of EU policies in stimulating energy efficiency improvements in the building sector ranging from the SAVE Directive to the recently 2018 updated Energy Performance of Buildings Directive and Energy Efficiency Directive. The review explores the progress made over the last 50 years in addressing energy efficiency in buildings and highlights successes as well as remaining challenges. It discusses the impact of political priorities in reshaping how energy efficiency is addressed by EU policymakers, leading to a holistic approach to buildings, and provides insights and suggestions on how to further exploit the EU potential to save energy from buildings.
Halal certification assures that a product or a service has been created, processed, and delivered according to Islamic laws. Currently, the certificate is printed on a security paper and includes a ...QR code that can be used to verify the certificate online. However, there are some problems with the ongoing certificate verification process. The verification site is centralized, creating a single point of failure. The current verification system is also unable to detect the modified printed certificate. The research aims to propose an alternative halal certificate recording and verification system. A smart contract that runs on the Ethereum blockchain is developed and deployed for that purpose. As a result, the average certificate creation cost is US$20.035, and the process requires 5.75 seconds, while verification is free, and the result can be obtained in about one second. Utilizing the blockchain to store and verify the halal certificate increases trust in the product or service since once the data is stored, it cannot be changed and accessible to the public. Nodes around the world replicate the blockchain to ensure service availability. For future consideration, the system can be extended to automate and track the halal application process and integrated as an alternative to the current system by implementing multiple signatures in the smart contract for each party. Furthermore, the system can be integrated with a peer-to-peer sharing system such as IPFS to store the digital certificate
The security of the web improved greatly throughout the last couple of years. A large majority of the web is now served encrypted as part of HTTPS, and web browsers accordingly moved from positive to ...negative security indicators that warn the user if a connection is insecure. A secure connection requires that the server presents a valid certificate that binds the domain name in question to a public key. A certificate used to be valid if signed by a trusted Certificate Authority (CA), but web browsers like Google Chrome and Apple’s Safari have additionally started to mandate Certificate Transparency (CT) logging to overcome the weakest-link security of the CA ecosystem. Tor and the Firefox-based Tor Browser have yet to enforce CT.
In this paper, we present privacy-preserving and incrementally-deployable designs that add support for CT in Tor. Our designs go beyond the currently deployed CT enforcements that are based on blind trust: if a user that uses Tor Browser is man-in-the-middled over HTTPS, we probabilistically detect and disclose cryptographic evidence of CA and/or CT log misbehavior. The first design increment allows Tor to play a vital role in the overall goal of CT: detect mis-issued certificates and hold CAs accountable. We achieve this by randomly cross-logging a subset of certificates into other CT logs. The final increments hold misbehaving CT logs accountable, initially assuming that some logs are benign and then without any such assumption. Given that the current CT deployment lacks strong mechanisms to verify if log operators play by the rules, exposing misbehavior is important for the web in general and not just Tor. The full design turns Tor into a system for maintaining a probabilistically-verified view of the CT log ecosystem available from Tor’s consensus. Each increment leading up to it preserves privacy due to and how we use Tor.
Public views on the Covid‐19 immunity certificate: A scoping review Barello, Serena; Acampora, Marta; Paleologo, Michele ...
Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy,
December 2022, Volume:
25, Issue:
6
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Introduction
Already in its first implementation, the introduction of the Covid‐19 immunity certificate has generated some debate among the public. This debate might be a hindrance to the effective ...realization of this policy. This study aimed to systematically review published research evaluating public feeling of the Covid‐19 immunity certificate policy measure and to find which factors might influence its acceptance.
Methods
We followed the scoping review methods manual by the Joanna Briggs Institute. We included studies with no time limits that presented novel data, and no exclusions have been made based on study design. We excluded articles that presented just expert opinions.
Results
We found and reviewed 17 articles. The included studies were conducted in two main countries (the United Kingdom and Switzerland), with the rest from Israel, Italy, Spain, Germany, Australia, Taiwan and China. Both qualitative and quantitative studies were included, and nonrepresentative samples were mostly used to explore the public feeling about the Covid‐19 immunity certification. The included studies showed that public views on immunity certification are quite contradictory and influenced by age, gender, ethnicity, political orientation and attitudes towards Covid‐19 vaccination. The topic more often addressed by the included studies was the public's views on the positive and negative implications of the Covid‐19 immunity certificate in terms of ethical, legal and behavioural consequences of this measure.
Conclusion
The varying acceptance rates are notable and may partly be linked to differences in demographics, Covid‐19 concerns and ideological beliefs, as seen in other health‐related tracking policies. Moreover, dominant factors behind the (un)success of this policy are complex and entangled with the cultural and political dimensions rather than being just technical. For this reason, it is important to expand psychosocial research to better understand the concerns behind health certifications and allow planning of culturally based and ethically sound suitable strategies. This would be very relevant to increasing public approval and compliance with this public health measure.
Patient or Public Contribution
This does not apply to our work as it was a review paper.
Blockchain in Land Registry Amri, Fauzi; Sihombing, Poltak; Efendi, Syahril
Prisma sains (Online),
01/2023, Volume:
11, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Blockchain technology that is increasingly developing can be a solution to land disputes. By designing a land title certificate system based on Blockchain technology, which has complete verification ...and recording of data history. So that it can help the government's efforts in Agrarian Reform. This research resulted in a system of recording of data history of Land Certificate. that can prove the Blockchain concept where every change that occurs in land title certificate data can be recorded, and distributed to all participants involved in the system.
Coal power accounts for a major share within electricity production and significantly contributes to the overall greenhouse gas emissions in many European countries. According to official reports, ...Germany will not achieve its emission reduction targets in 2020. Therefore, a shut-down of coal capacities is currently being discussed and a plan is developed by the so-called Coal Commission.
In this study, we analyse the effects of a national coal phase-out policy on carbon emissions and prices, and compare these to the effects of EU-wide coal phase-out policies. Considering high CO2 certificate prices and ambitious renewable energy targets, a coal phase-out in Germany would have a minor additional impact on overall European emissions. An EU-wide coal phase-out however, would significantly reduce the emissions, by around 19%. Alternatively, a very high CO2 certificate price policy provides an even greater reduction in CO2 emissions.
•A national phase-out leads to a significant reduction of domestic carbon emissions.•Renewables and gas-fired production replaces coal-fired electricity production.•German coal phase-out has only a small impact on electricity prices.•EU-wide phase-out policy is far more effective than a national policy.•A large reduction of EU-wide emissions can also be achieved by very high CO2 prices.
This research was ⅿotivateⅾ by the nսⅿber of ⅼanⅾⅾispսtes that occսrreⅾ in Centraⅼ Kaⅼiⅿantan which was caսseⅾ by the existence of a ⅾoսbⅼe ⅼanⅾ Certificate (SKT) issսeⅾ by the Viⅼⅼage Heaⅾ. This ...stսⅾy raises a ⅼanⅾⅾispսte that occսrreⅾ between party X anⅾ a paⅼⅿ oiⅼ coⅿpany where each party owns an SKT on ⅼanⅾ objects on the saⅿe borⅾer ⅼanⅾ with a ⅾifferent ⅾistrict base. This ⅾispսte occսrs becaսse there are no cⅼear anⅾ firⅿ rսⅼes governing ⅾoսbⅼe SKT on borⅾer ⅼanⅾ so there is no ⅼegaⅼ certainty for SKT hoⅼⅾers. Baseⅾ on the ⅾescription above, the researcher raises the probⅼeⅿ forⅿսⅼation: what is the ⅼegaⅼ certainty for hoⅼⅾers of ⅾoսbⅼe ⅼanⅾ certificates on the ⅼanⅾ borⅾer of Teteiⅼanan Viⅼⅼage, Soսth Barito Regency, Centraⅼ Kaⅼiⅿantan)? This research սses jսriⅾicaⅼ eⅿpiricaⅼ research, jսriⅾicaⅼ socioⅼogicaⅼ approach, priⅿary anⅾ seconⅾary ⅾata sets which are anaⅼyzeⅾսsing qսaⅼitative anaⅼysis. The resսⅼts of this stսⅾy inⅾicate that there is no ⅼegaⅼ certainty for hoⅼⅾers of ⅿսⅼtipⅼe ⅼanⅾ Certificate, this is becaսse the ⅼanⅾ Certificate can be սseⅾ as eviⅾence of controⅼ over ⅼanⅾ rights in carrying oսt the ⅼanⅾ registration process reⅼateⅾ to the presence of incoⅿpⅼete ⅼanⅾⅾocսⅿents. The existence of ⅾoսbⅼe SKT is caսseⅾ by 3 (three) first things, naⅿeⅼy the ⅼack of orⅾer in the aⅾⅿinistration of ⅼanⅾ recorⅾs in the viⅼⅼage registration book, reⅼateⅾ to the probⅼeⅿ that the apparatսs in charge of ⅼanⅾ registration ⅿսst re-coⅼⅼect ⅾata then register in the viⅼⅼage registration book on the resսⅼts of the re-ⅾata coⅼⅼection. Seconⅾ, the repⅼaceⅿent of the Viⅼⅼage Heaⅾ or Viⅼⅼage Apparatսs, reⅼateⅾ to this probⅼeⅿ the new Viⅼⅼage Heaⅾ or Viⅼⅼage Apparatսs ⅿսst ⅾoսbⅼe-check the viⅼⅼage registration book in orⅾer to ⅿiniⅿize the occսrrence of ⅾoսbⅼe SKT. Thirⅾ, naⅿeⅼy the ⅼoss or ⅾaⅿage of the viⅼⅼage registration book, reⅼateⅾ to this probⅼeⅿ, the viⅼⅼage heaⅾ or the reⅼevant viⅼⅼage apparatսs ⅿսst ⅿake a copy of the ⅾata containeⅾ in the viⅼⅼage registration book sսch as a copy of a photocopy or eⅼectronic fiⅼe.
Article 19 of the UUPA states that land registration is carried out as a way to guarantee legal certainty of land rights. The Land Office will issue a certificate of land rights for rights holders. ...Therefore, the right holder is obliged to register at the local Land Office if there is a transfer or assignment of rights. This study aims to determine: 1) the legal status of the blocked land certificate, and 2) the legal certainty of the land title certificate when the registration of the block has passed 30 days or there has been a court decision regarding the block. This study uses a normative juridical research method. The approach to the problem used is a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The data analysis used is qualitative in the form of descriptive analytical. The data source used is in the form of secondary data consisting of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. The research results show that: 1) the legal status of the blocked land title certificate is that transitional legal actions and land rights are imposed. 2) The legal certainty of a land title certificate when the registration of the block has passed 30 days is the restoration of the legal status of the land title certificate holder.
Companies that want to do business that involve the food sector (restaurants, catering, slaughterhouses and home industry) are required to obtain halal certification permits. In order to determine ...business lines, whether micro, large, medium, small businesses are based on the initial asset value, this does not include the appraisal value of land and buildings and turnover from the total sales of goods or the number of permanent employees. Based on the results of the research, the requirements for granting halal certificates are KTP (Identity Card) of Business Owners, Business Permits, IUMK (Micro and Small Business Permits), Home Industry Food (P-IRT), and NPWP (Taxpayer Identification Number). Whereas the procedure has an understanding regarding the requirements for halal certification and is willing to take part in the halal assurance system training, implement the Halal Assurance system (SJH), prepare halal certification document files, carry out (upload halal certification data document), monitor pre-inspection and make certification accent payments, carry out inspection, conducts post-inspection monitoring, has Halal Certification. Thus, the requirements and procedures for granting Halal Certification, especially in West Tulang Bawang Regency, can be done easily. It's just that it requires extra power and maximum effort to obtain this. Thus, it is necessary to provide convenience and relief in the cost of making Halal Certificates, especially for the general public, whose majority still lack knowledge of technology.
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