For Brazilian inmates, prisons are mostly spaces of rights denial, above and beyond their formal condemnations. Most, nonetheless, still enjoy some rights. This paper examines the modalities of ...allocation and the range of those rights. It understands citizenship as a bundle of rights whose scope and quality are determined by the terms of the bargains through which those rights are allocated. These bundles, together with the governance arrangements that define and enforce them are in turn understood as citizenship regimes. The paper examines three regimes that are common in male Brazilian prisons: one regime that is fully controlled by the state, and two that are hybrid, involving both state authorities and, in one instance, criminal organizations (factions), and in the other, chosen inmates (keyholders or chaveiros) who are vested of governance authority by prison administrators. The overall system they conform is a composite of state and non-state rights enforcement arrangements. The allocation of rights it produces is deeply unequal. And the range and quality of the rights enjoyed by the vast majority of inmates is narrow and poor. Keywords: Citizenship regimes, rights, criminal organizations, prisons, Brazil. Para los presos brasilenos, las carceles son sobre todo espacios de negation de derechos, mas alla de sus condenas formales. No obstante, la mayoria sigue disfrutando de algunos derechos. Este trabajo examina las modalidades de asignacion y alcance de esos derechos. Se entiende la ciudadania como un conjunto de derechos cuyo alcance y calidad vienen determinados por los terminos de los acuerdos a traves de los cuales se asignan dichos derechos. Estos conjuntos, junto con los mecanismos de gobernanza que los definen y hacen cumplir, se entienden a su vez como regimenes de ciudadania. El documento examina tres regimenes comunes en las prisiones brasilenas masculinas: un regimen totalmente controlado por el Estado y dos regimenes hibridos, en los que participan tanto las autoridades estatales como, en un caso, organizaciones delictivas (facciones) y en el otro, reclusos elegidos (chaveiros) a los que los administradores de la prision confieren autoridad para gobernar. El sistema global que conforman es una combination de mecanismos estatales y no estatales de aplicacion de los derechos. La asignacion de derechos que produce es profundamente desigual mientras que la gama y calidad de los derechos de que disfruta la inmensa mayoria de los reclusos es limitada y deficiente. Palabras clave: Regimenes ciudadanos, derechos, organizaciones criminals, prisiones, Brasil.
Service orientation in the HRM system is a lever for public employees to serve the public even beyond their work roles. Our research seeks to understand how work engagement links service-oriented ...high-performance work systems (HPWSs) to public employees' service-oriented behaviours. Employees and their managers from public legal service agencies in the Vietnamese context were recruited as participants in our research project. The research results demonstrated the role of employee work engagement in mediating the relationships between service-oriented HPWSs and service-oriented in-role performance as well as service-oriented organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB). The interactions were also found between service-oriented HPWSs and HRM system strength, as well as between service-oriented HPWSs and public service motivation in catalysing work engagement.
This study aims to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a digital citizenship curriculum developed using online teaching for undergraduate students. For this purpose, answers were sought to the ...following general research questions: “How are students performing their digital citizenship skills?”, “What is the efficiency level of the developed digital citizenship curriculum?”, “What are the students’ self-evaluations during the implementation process of the developed digital citizenship curriculum?” and “What are student opinions about the implemented digital citizenship course?”. A “parallel-simultaneous design”, one of the mixed research methods, was used in this research. The content of the curriculum was determined within the framework of a needs analysis consisting of university students and field experts, and a document review. A quasi-experimental design method was used to implement the programme. A total of 39 teacher candidates, registered in the spring semester of the 2022 academic year, participated in the experimental process. A Moodle learning management system was used as the teaching environment. Participants’ digital citizenship behaviours and attitude levels were measured before and after the experimental application. It was observed that there was a significant (positive) difference between the pre-test and post-test average scores in favour of the post-test scores, and the effect value of this difference was high. It turned out that the teacher candidates’ opinions on the effectiveness of the online digital citizenship programme were positive. It is understood that the digital citizenship teaching curriculum developed for higher education can be used sustainably for similar university student groups as in this study. However, it is anticipated that the developed programme can be updated along with technological evolutions.
Wie lernen soziale Bewegungen? Im Unterschied zu anderen Organisationen wie Parteien oder Gewerkschaften gibt es bei ihnen in der Regel keine feste Mitgliedschaft, keine klare Aufgabenteilung und ...keine verlässlichen Regeln der Entscheidungsfindung. Wie kann es ihnen dennoch gelingen, ein gemeinsames Wissen auszubilden, aus vergangenen Erfahrungen zu lernen und nachfolgende (Protest-)Generationen von diesen Erkenntnissen profitieren zu lassen?
This Special Issue includes 14 empirical, theoretical, methodological research articles and reviews in various fields considering EEC. It provided a platform for researchers to share their research ...work on the field of education for environmental citizenship, including aspects of civic engagement and civic participation, democratic action, social and environmental change, individual and collective actions, environmental actions, socio-political actions, environmental justice, inter- and intra-generational justice, and connectedness to nature.
Although previous research has examined the effectiveness of various levels of punitive reactions to misconduct, researchers have given leader leniency relatively inadequate attention. Prior studies ...consistently suggest the beneficial effects of reacting less punitively toward misconduct. The current research challenges this notion by delineating a mixed effect of leader leniency on subordinate psychological and behavioral reactions. Building on social exchange theory (i.e., reciprocity norm and rank equilibration norm) and motive attribution literature, the authors argue that when subordinates hold high levels of instrumental motive attribution, leader leniency relates positively to subordinate psychological entitlement, which in turn leads to workplace deviance. In contrast, when subordinates develop high levels of value-expressive motive attribution, leader leniency is positively associated with their felt obligation toward leaders, which positively influences their subsequent organizational citizenship behavior. The results of a field study, a scenario experiment, and a recall experiment conducted to test these hypotheses confirm the double-edged effects of leader leniency. These findings have important implications for theory and practice.
How can democratic values and behavior be induced in new democracies? We designed and tested three original civic education interventions to answer this question, using Tunisia as a case study. ...Participants were recruited through Facebook and Instagram, where they were randomly assigned to either one of three treatment groups or a placebo. Two treatments were derived from prospect theory, emphasizing the gains of a democratic system or the losses of an autocratic system. A third treatment, derived from self‐efficacy theory, provided practical information regarding participation in the upcoming 2019 elections. Our findings suggest that online civic education has a considerable effect on democratic citizenship, including a significant reduction in authoritarian nostalgia and increasing intended political behavior. We further find differences between the three treatments, with the loss and gain treatments having overall more consistent impact than self‐efficacy, though the latter frame has notable effects on political efficacy and registration.
Persistence is often viewed as a behavioral event, whereby a person works through obstacles in the pursuit of a goal. This operationalization does not speak to persistence as an individual ...difference, but many researchers have observed people for which persistence appears habitual and is applied in the pursuit of all goals broadly. We suggest that several closely related constructs, such as grit and perseverance, may partially capture multiple dimensions of the overall construct of persistence. These dimensions are Persistence Despite Difficulties (PDD), Persistence Despite Fear (PDF), and Inappropriate Persistence (IP). In an initial study, we show that these three dimensions emerge in multiple measures for these closely related constructs, along with the construct of Goal Time Preference (GTP). Then, we create the Multidimensional Persistence Scale through a three-study process, showing that the scale has satisfactory psychometric properties and validity, and we support our three-dimensional conceptualization of persistence. Lastly, in two studies, we demonstrate that the three dimensions of persistence have notable and distinct relationships with personal well-being; however, only PDD appears to significantly influence organizational outcomes, supported through its significant relationship with organizational citizenship behaviors.
International migration has emerged in the last decade as one of the world’s most controversial and pressing issues. This thought-provoking textbook offers the reader a more nuanced and knowledgeable ...understanding of the complex economic, political, cultural, and moral concerns that arise when people move across borders seeking admission into other countries.
Splitting the text into five broad sections, Steiner facilitates easy navigation of the complex discussions that surround the issue of migration:
Section One – Introduction : examines how the central questions that frame the book will be addressed, including: what criteria should be used to admit migrants? and How should a country grant citizenship?
Section Two – Immigrants : discusses the criteria for accepting immigrants, dealing with the unwanted, and assessing the economic, cultural and political impacts.
Section Three – Refugees : evaluates the methods used to protect refugees, the controversies surrounding asylum and the shortcomings of current refugee definitions.
Section Four – Citizenship : charts the rise of nationalism, presents modern issues of minority rights and diversity, and examines processes of naturalization across the globe.
Section Five – Conclusion : considers more unconventional approaches to migration and citizenship, and suggests moving towards a more holistic approach.
Carefully constructed to spark discussion and student reflection and featuring suggested resources at the end of each section, this book offers dozens of contemporary examples and case studies from across the globe. International Migration and Citizenship Today is essential reading for not only students of migration and citizenship, but also globalization, international relations, and democracies.
Niklaus Steiner is director of the Center for Global Initiatives and Adjunct Professor of Political Science and International Studies at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA. His research and teaching interests are immigration, refugees, nationalism, and citizenship and his publications include The Problems of Protection: UNHCR, Refugees, and Human Rights ed. Niklaus Steiner, Mark Gibney and Gil Loescher (Routledge, 2003).
" International Migration would be a good selection for undergraduate university courses. Steiner’s practice of raising questions throughout the text creates helpful discussion points and demonstrates that many emotional issues are embedded in moral dilemmas to which there are no clear answers. The greatest selling point of this book is that Steiner leads his readers through major theories and ideas that frame and inform migration literature with studied simplicity. Steiner has written an accessible and pithy but academically rich text." - Elim Ng, International Migration and Integration, 2011, Vol. 12
"An excellent and accessible introduction to the complex issue of migration and citizenship. Its substance and style encourages discussion of topics that are too often dealt with in simplistic ways. Steiner effectively challenges our outdated concepts and thinking on migration and citizenship and challenges us to reimagine and remodel our analytical framework to meet the demographic, economic, and political challenges of the 21st century." - Demetrios Papademetriou, President, Migration Policy Institute
"Niklaus Steiner’s book on migration should be required reading for all citizens of every country, including students and policy makers. The reason is that migration is a key issue in a global world that entails both frequent movement of people and maintaining boundaries of nations. He offers an analysis that is at once clear and accessible as well as humane, informed by both legal and cultural understanding. This is an important text for courses ranging from social sciences to law and administration." - James L. Peacock, former President, American Anthropological Association
"Every college student should read this book. Niklaus Steiner guides the reader through the complexities of immigration, including research on global migration, naturalization, citizenship, border protection, and much more. The purpose of the book is to inform the current debate on immigration by providing information and perspective on how to create better policies for one of the most salient issues of our time." - Regina Cortina Teachers College, Columbia University
"This brief yet substantive book is an unconventional and conceptually rich overview of the complexities and debates within global migration. The critical questions on immigration, refugees, integration, and citizenship are debated in a very engaging and accessible way that will be of great interest and value to teachers, students, policymakers, and the wider public. Having examined many books on migration, I will be using this contemporary study as the core text in my upcoming courses in Global Migration and Global Studies." - Safia Swimelar, Elon University
"This book title does a wonderful job of bringing together elements of political science, law, demography, history, economics, and ethical considerations that help to broaden our understanding -- and our overall approach -- to issues relating to human migration. This is highly readable and thought-provoking at the same time." - Mark Gibney, University of North Carolina Asheville, USA
"Steiner's International Migration and Citizenship Today is a unique teaching tool about immigration, immigrant policy, refugee policy, naturalization, and citizenship in some advanced industrialized countries...Especially helpful is the inclusion of questions and topics for discussion throughout the text, which encourages critical analysis of immigration and immigrant policies and makes this book ideal for an introductory class or as preparatory material for someone teaching such a course...Summing Up: Recommended. General readers, undergraduate students, and professionals." - R. A. Harper, CHOICE (July 2010)
Section 1: Introduction 1. Introduction Section 2: Immigrants 2. Accepting Immigrants 3. Dealing with the Unwanted 4. Impact of Immigrants Section 3: Refugees 5. Modern Efforts to Protect Refugees 6. Problems of Protection Section 4: Citizenship 7. Rise of Nationalism and Citizenship 8. Naturalization Section 5: Conclusion 9. Beyond Conventional Approaches to Migration and Citizenship
Smith argues that citizenship creation and expansion is a pivotal part of political contestation in Africa today. Citizenship is a powerful analytical tool to approach political life in contemporary ...Africa because the institutional and structural reforms of the past two decades have been inextricably linked with the battle over the 'right to have rights'. Professor Lahra Smith's work advances the notion of meaningful citizenship, referring to the ways in which rights are exercised, or the effective practice of citizenship. Using data from Ethiopia and developing a historically informed study of language policy, ethnicity and gender identities, Smith analyzes the contestation over citizenship that engages the state, social movements and individuals in substantive ways. By combining original data on language policy in contemporary Ethiopia with detailed historical study and a focus on ethnicity, citizenship and gender, this work brings a fresh approach to Ethiopian political development and contemporary citizenship concerns across Africa.
