In this original work James Duncan explores the transformation of Ceylon during the mid-nineteenth century into one of the most important coffee growing regions of the world. This fascinating case ...study reveals the spatial fragmentation of modernity through a focus on modern governmentality and biopower, and offers a welcome non-state dimension to current work on studies of governmentality in geography.
Nowadays, coffee plays an increasingly important role in people’s daily life, and drinking coffee has become a daily habit of many people. As a rapidly developing coffee brand in recent years, Luckin ...Coffee’s marketing strategies and methods are also worth analysis and reference. Therefore, this paper explores the marketing strategy of Luckin Coffee based on 4P theory through literature investigation and case analysis. This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of Luckin Coffee’s marketing strategy from four aspects: product, price, promotion and place. This paper concluded that Luckin has developed rapidly in the coffee market and has a position in the coffee market through the combination of product research and development, price advantage, sales promotion, viral marketing, multi-channel sales and other marketing means. But at the same time, This paper also points out a series of problems existing in Luckin Coffee, such as difficulties in expanding foreign markets, difficulties in making profits, excessive marketing, and high operating costs, Finally, this paper puts forward some suggestions to Luckin Coffee according to the actual situation. This paper proposes that Luckin can improve the core competitiveness of products, clear price positioning, accurately control customer needs, and enhance customer purchase willingness through diversified ways.
As big data and the Internet continue to advance, there is much space for new retail models to emerge. Luckin Coffee, one of the top brands in China’s coffee industry, has seen significant growth in ...both market share and brand recognition thanks in large part to its marketing approach. This study gathers a great deal of official data to understand the reasons behind Luckin Coffee’s rapid popularity in China. It then applies SWOT analysis to evaluate Luckin Coffee’s marketing approach. Luckin Coffee initially succeeded due to its rapid expansion and technological innovation but faced setbacks due to financial mishandling and excessive reliance on discounts. Fortunately, the company was rescued promptly and focused on developing its products. However, competition in the Chinese beverage industry is very fierce. The authors offer several recommendations for tweaks to the current marketing mix in the conclusion to aid Luckin Coffee in enhancing its core competency. It also knows the demand and market for coffee in China in recent years. To expand the product brand and produce more best-selling items, Luckin Coffee ought to use brand co-branding. Similarly, it is necessary for Luckin Coffee to developLuckin Coffee must develop localized products and establish its ecosystem. The suggestions might also serve as a source of inspiration for creating and growing a mid-range Chinese coffee company.
Plant loss occasionally occurs in field experiments with coffee crops in experimental plots. In breeding programs, such loss can be harmful, especially when the corresponding statistical analyses are ...not consistent with the experimentally generated data. Herein, we analyzed productivity data to determine whether the compensatory effect occurs in coffee crops, evaluated the need to correct experimental failures, and identified the best stand correction method. We used productivity data from six harvests of eleven experiments with Coffea arabica plants. The experiments were implemented in a randomized block design, with four replications and six plants per plot. The following stand correction methods were evaluated: rule of three; Zuber; Vencovsky and Cruz covariance of the average or ideal stands; and Cruz, and the data were compared without correction adjustments. The most adequate correction methods were selected based on genetic variance, selective accuracy, and progeny ordering. The compensatory effect was evident from the analyzed data, with stand correction being evidenced as beneficial in progeny competition experiments. The best results were obtained for the covariance methods using average or ideal stands, followed by the method proposed by Cruz. The rule of three and Zuber method exhibited unsatisfactory results and are not recommended for stand correction in progeny competition experiments with coffee crops.
Design Thinking is a human-centered innovation approach that has gained increasing attention in recent years, as it promises to manage complexity and supports organizations to prepare for a ...competitive future. Design Thinking helps to uncover the non-obvious that might remain hidden with purely analytical thinking. As such, it serves to identify new business opportunities and to address complex social or environmental challenges. The talk will provide insights into the Design Thinking projects conducted at Mannheim University of Applied Sciences with international partners. Drawing from examples out of the coffee industry, the essential elements of the approach will be explained and the audience will become inspired to rethink their own pathways to innovation.
How markets evolve is a perennial and important question in business. Building on a large qualitative data set on the coffee market comprising primary and secondary interviews, archival data, and ...fieldwork, the authors introduce a novel theoretical mechanism—practice expansion—to explain how ongoing institutional complexity fosters market evolution. To theorize practice expansion, the authors combine institutional logics with resource partitioning and introduce a two-by-two typology of firms evolving in markets: craft versus commercial and generalist versus specialist. The authors’ analysis, grounded in this typology, identifies three mechanisms that explain practice expansion (elaboration, translation, and transformation). The authors then show how practice expansion contributes to market evolution by increasing product diversity, broadening skills and knowledge, and enriching the market meaning system. The novel theory introduced in this article contributes to extant work by theorizing market evolution as resulting from practice expansion and by broadening our understanding of the types of firms and their interactions important to that evolution. The novel theory also points to important strategy implications for how different types of firms can contribute to and benefit from the identified evolutionary patterns and ongoing institutional complexity.
Co-pyrolysis technology of urban solid waste and biomass has broad application prospects in alleviating energy crisis and environmental pollution. In this study, thermogravimetric-Fourier transform ...infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR) was used to study the co-pyrolysis characteristics of coal gangue (CG) and coffee industry residue (CIR). CG and CIR were uniformly mixed according to the mass ratios of 1: 0, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, and 0:1. Then the samples were heated and pyrolyzed in an atmosphere with a nitrogen flow rate of 60 mL/min. As the proportion of CG increased, the comprehensive pyrolysis index (CPI) showed an exponential decrease. FTIR detected that the gas produced by pyrolysis of CG-CIR contained hydroxyl compounds, hydrocarbons, CO2, CO, Phenols, and NH3. CG-CIR co-pyrolysis had obvious interaction. By using Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) methods, the relationship between activation energy (Eα) and kinetic parameters and conversion degree was studied. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to determine the principal reaction of CG-CIR pyrolysis. ANN 21 was the best model for predicting the pyrolysis of CG-CIR.
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•The dominant reaction of co-pyrolysis of CG-CIR was analyzed by PCA.•ANN 21 was the best model for predicting the pyrolysis of CG-CIR.•R3G7 was an ideal sample for co-pyrolysis of CG-CIR.•CIR had a great influence on the co-pyrolysis of CG-CIR.•The pyrolysis of R5G5 was mainly a reaction to form C-containing compounds.
The coffee berry borer (CBB), Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari, 1867) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), is the pest that causes the most economic damage to coffee crops. Chemical control of this ...insect is based on the use of insecticides that can affect the environment and nontarget organisms. Despite the fact that caffeine has shown potential as an insecticide, a caffeine-based product for field use is currently not available on the market. As a new alternative to control CBB and other coffee pests, such as Monalonion velezangeli Carvalho and Costa, 1988 (Hemiptera: Miridae), a caffeine-oleate was developed. The caffeine oleate formulation showed laboratory efficacy by causing mortality of more than 90% of CBB adults in preventive tests in which the insecticide was sprayed prior to insect attack on the coffee fruits. In the curative tests, in which spraying occurred after CBB infested the fruits, the formulation caused 77% mortality of the insects. Under controlled field conditions, the product kept CBB infestation below 20%, reducing the number of fruits attacked by the insect by up to 70%. In addition, no phytotoxic effects were observed in coffee plants. The insecticide was also effective against M. velezangeli, causing 100% mortality. A caffeine oleate formulation that could be part of a strategy for integrated CBB management as well as other pests of coffee was developed. The components of the insecticide are food grade, and the product would provide greater security to the coffee ecosystem and coffee growers.
