The aim of the study was to analyse the colour fastness of 3D printed samples that could be used as decorative or household items. Such items are often fabricated with 3D printing. The colour of ...filaments affects not only the mechanical properties, but also the appearance and user satisfaction. Samples of biocomposite filaments (PLA and PLA with added wood and hemp fibres) were used. First, the morphological properties of the filaments and 3D printed samples were analysed and then, the colour fastness against different agents was tested (water, oil, detergent, light and elevated temperature). Finally, the dynamic mechanical properties of the filaments and 3D printed samples were determined. The differences in the morphology of the filaments and 3D printed samples were identified with SEM analysis. The most obvious differences were observed in the samples with wood fibres. All printed samples showed good resistance to water and detergents, but poorer resistance to oil. The sample printed with filaments with added wood fibres showed the lowest colour fastness against light and elevated temperatures. Compared to the filaments, the glass transition of the printed samples increased, while their stiffness decreased significantly. The lowest elasticity was observed in the samples with wood fibres. The filaments to which hemp fibres were added showed the reinforcement effect. Without the influence on their elasticity, the printed samples can be safely used between 60 and 65 °C.
In this study, we have investigated the use of betel nut (Areca catechu) extract solution as a natural dye for the use of dyeing for silk and nylon. Chemical structure of betel nut extracted solution ...was confirmed by using FTIR and
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H NMR spectroscopy and thermal properties also measured for determining the proper dyeing temperature. In order to optimise the colouration properties, variable dyeing parameters (temp, pH and mordant type) was studied. The halochromic effect of synthesised natural dye was analysed by using UV-Vis spectroscopy. Additionally dye build-up, colour fastness properties of both fabrics were compared.
The behaviour of textile products made from different fibres during finishing has been investigated by many scientists, but these investigations have usually been performed with cotton or synthetic ...yarns and fabrics. However, the properties of raw materials such as linen and hemp (other cellulose fibres) and linen/silk (cellulose/protein fibres) have rarely been investigated. The aim of the study was to investigate and compare the mechanical (breaking force and elongation at break) and end-use (colour fastness to artificial light, area density, and abrasion resistance) properties of cellulose and cellulose/protein woven fabrics. For all fabrics, ΔE was smaller than three, which is generally imperceptible to the human eye. Flax demonstrated the best dyeability, and hemp demonstrated the poorest dyeability, comparing all the tested fabrics. The colour properties of fabrics were greatly influenced by the washing procedure, and even different fabric components of different weaves lost their colours in different ways. Flax fibres were more crystalline than hemp, and those fibres were more amorphous, which decreased the crystallinity index of flax in flax/silk blended fabric. Unwashed flax fabric was more resistant to artificial light than flax/silk or hemp fabrics. Finishing had a great influence on the abrasion resistance of fabrics. The yarn fibre composition and the finishing process for fabrics both influenced the mechanical (breaking force and elongation at break) and end-use (area density and abrasion resistance) properties of grey and finished fabrics woven from yarns made of different fibres.
Textile grade dye was extracted from roasted peanut skin (Arachais hypogaea) through aqueous extraction. The dye was characterised by phyto-chemical, uv visible spectroscopy and FTIR analysis. ...Cotton, silk and wool fabrics were dyed at different temperatures as well as using microwave energy without using any mordants. Dyed fabrics were assessed for their colour values, fastness properties and ultraviolet protection factor. All the fabrics shown good affinity for the dye. Uniform dyeing was observed in all fabrics; however, the dye exhaustion was higher in silk and wool than cotton. The dyed fabrics possessed good to very good fastness properties with and an ultraviolet protection factor up to 65. A comparative evaluation of synthetic dyes required to produce the same shade with that of peanut skin dye was also performed.
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•Textile grade dye was extracted from roasted peanut skin-an agro processing waste.•The dye was characterised by using various analytical methods.•Cotton, wool and silk fabrics were dyed using the dye without using any mordents.•The colour fastness properties of the dyed fabrics were found to be good.•The dyed fabric possessed an ultraviolet protection factor up to 65.
•Classical and sonochemical synthesis of cobalt(III) complex salt.•Single crystal X-ray structure and crystal packing of complex salt has been discussed.•Colorfastness, light fastness and rubbing ...fastness Property.•Pigment Printing.
New nano-sized (1N) and single crystal (1) of 2Co(NH3)5N3(H2I2O10)∙ 2H2O complex salt was synthesized by sonochemical and classical method, and was characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV/ Visible spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction. Morphology and particle size of 1N was determined by SEM and zeta-sizer. Single crystal X-ray analysis performed for 1 revealed a monoclinic C2/c space group. The crystal structure is built from layers-like regions of cations and anion-water that are connected via N-H...O hydrogen bonds. The nano-sized 2Co(NH3)5N3(H2I2O10)∙2H2O complex salt was examined towards the dye ability of cotton, wool and silk fabrics. A good variation in the color demonstrates that 1N can be used as a pigment for printing as well as a mordant dye.
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The colouration of silk fibroin through a Mannich-type reaction with aromatic primary amine-containing dyes (APADs), named Mannich-type dyeing, is a novel dyeing method with the advantages of ...moderate conditions, high selectivity, and high wet fastness. In this study, three novel APADs, including an H acid structure, D1-D3, were designed and synthesized. A similar dye, C1, without an aromatic primary amine group, was selected as the control. Their spectral and colour fastness properties in aqueous solutions and on silk fabrics were measured and evaluated. In addition, their Mannich-type reactivity to silk fabric was evaluated via experiments and simulated calculations. It was revealed that for the H acid-containing dye with the same chromosome structure, the electron accepting/donating properties of the diazo and coupling components affect the colour of the dye after the Mannich-type dyeing. The substituent effect of dyes C1–D3 demonstrated that with the changing properties of electron donation and acceptance in the case of the diazonium component, the absorption spectrum (λmax) of the neutral aqueous dye solution changed from reddish-orange (505 nm) to bluish-violet (541 nm). The λmax of Mannich-type dyed fabrics was generally red-shifted in comparison with that of dyed fabrics by acidic dyeing, which implied the formation of a reactive bond between the dye and the silk fibroin. The presence of aromatic primary amine groups in dyes is the prerequisite for Mannich-type reactivity. The primary amine groups on both benzene and naphthalene rings have Mannich-type reactivity, which is related to the electron cloud density of amino N atoms. With the increase in electron cloud density of the amino N atom, the colour fixation of the dye and the fibre was improved. After the Mannich-type dyeing, the colour fastness of the dyed fabrics and DMF stripping resistance significantly improved, also indicating the formation of a covalent bond between the dye and the fibre. The simulated calculation predicted the colour of APAD in an aqueous solution and on dyed silk fabric after Mannich-type dyeing, which guides the design and enrichment of APADs’ chromatography.
•The relationship between the electron cloud density of primary amino group on naphthalene ring and Mannich reaction efficiency was revealed.•The presence of tautomerism in azo dyes can affect the color and Mannich reactivity of aromatic amine dyes.•The color of silk fabric after Mannich-type dyeing with azo dye containing H acid structure can be predicted by simulation.
This research was performed to investigate the feasibility of using copper-based wood preservative treatment for producing green colour on the bamboo surface and enhancing the fungal decay resistance ...of treated bamboo. Preliminary outdoor weathering tests were carried out to evaluate the green colour fastness of treated bamboo culms. In addition, fixation and leaching tests were also conducted to evaluate the safety of preservative-treated bamboo. A two-step treatment process was recommended to enhance bamboo green colour production, fungal decay resistance, production rate of treated bamboo and prevent sludge formation in treatment solution. In the treatment process, the bamboo was pressure-treated until refusal point with 4% chromated copper arsenate-3 to achieve required preservative retention and dipped into 4% chromated copper arsenate-3 for 2 days to produce green colour on the bamboo surface. The chromated copper arsenate-treated bamboo samples had outstanding colour fastness and mildew resistance after 24 months of outdoor weathering. The fixation and leaching tests demonstrated that the total amount of preservative components leached from the chromated copper arsenate-treated bamboo samples was high to raise safety issues and caused environmental problem during the use of treated bamboo in the field.
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) blocking properties of textiles depend on fibre type, fabric construction and nature of finishing chemicals. Natural dyes can provide vegetable fibres with strong colours ...if mordants are used.
In this study UV protection properties of dyeing extracts from Mediterranean flora (Helichrysum italicum Roth, Rubia peregrina L., Daphne gnidium L., Lavandula stoechas L., Cynara scolymus L.) were tested in combination with fabrics made of vegetable fibres (cotton and flax) and different types of mordants (potassium alum and chestnuts tannins). Pre- and post-dyeing solutions were analyzed quali-quantitatively by HPLC/DAD/ESI-MS in order to calculate the dye uptake on fabrics during the dyeing process.
UVR transmittance of fabrics was measured using a spectrophotometer equipped with an integrating sphere. After the dyeing process only flax fabrics mordanted with alum and dyed with Lavandula and Rubia, and flax fabrics mordanted with tannin and dyed with Rubia and Helychrysum reached the minimum protection level. A very good protection level was reached by flax mordanted with alum and dyed with Helychrysum. Chestnut tannins provided a slight support in phenols uptake for Lavandula and Helichrysum plant dyes with respect to potassium alum, but without an improvement of the fabrics UV protection properties; flax samples dyed with Helichrysum extract showed an improvement in UV protection properties when mordanted with potassium alum instead of tannins. Colour fastness and the persistence of UV protection characteristics were also tested after light/sun exposure and after several washes.
•Different dyeing plants extracts were quali-quantitatively characterized in terms of chemical composition.•UV properties of fabrics differently mordanted and dyed were analyzed also after washes and light/sun exposure.•Helichrysum plant extract provided flax fabrics with the highest UV protection properties.•A low colour fastness to light do not necessarily implicate loss in UV protection properties after light exposure.•Flax, dyed with Helichrysum and Rubia (this one only if mordanted with alum), had a good UV protection also after washes.
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