Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of organizational commitment to employees (OCE) on organizational performance through two different approaches - a configurative approach ...and a universalistic approach. The theoretical model formulated in this paper integrates both propositions with the aim of analyzing which has the most relevant impact on organizational performance. Design/methodology/approach - Structural equation models were applied to test these propositions by means of a survey of a random sample of 230 service firms. Findings - It was found that the configurational hypothesis is more important than the universalist hypothesis. Research limitations/implications - The study only included information from one member of executive management staff. This study is an initial attempt in the strategic human resource management literature to examine the configurative perspective as a covariation pattern. Practical implications - OCE by itself does not affect organizational performance. It is necessary to consider the context in which it is applied in order to understand the effect of OCE on performance. This explains why not all employers pursue an OCE model. Originality/value - It is proved that 'fit as covariation' can be adequate for studying the configurative theory. A complementary vision of the configurative and universalistic hypotheses was adopted, according to which these two hypotheses are not contradictory and could be tested simultaneously.
Improving the performance of hospitality firms Gray, Brendan J; Matear, Sheelagh M; Matheson, Philip K
International journal of contemporary hospitality management,
06/2000, Volume:
12, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
The aim of this article is to identify company characteristics which are linked to improved performance in hospitality firms. It compares the levels of market orientation and other company ...characteristics, including corporate culture, innovation procedures, use of information technology and ethical policies of hospitality firms with the most highly market-oriented service firms from other sectors which took part in a large multi-industry study in New Zealand. Suggests that hospitality managers should encourage their organisations to become more customer-focused, to develop a corporate culture which encourages innovation, and to make greater use of Web-based marketing to improve company performance.
Based upon the resource-based view and national culture perspectives, this paper investigates the two-way relationship between R&D investment and company performance. We propose that company ...performance and R&D investment have mutual effects, and the magnitude of these mutual effects varies with different national cultures, different company rewarding systems, and different decision-making patterns of management teams. Related hypotheses are developed and tested on the data of the US and Taiwanese technology-intensive companies during 1998–2003, and are generally supported by the statistical results.
A recent survey of the treatment accorded to the stakeholder concept across the business administration literature Donaldson, T., Preston, L.E., 1995. The stakeholder theory of the corporation: ...Concepts, evidence and implications. Academy of Management Review 20, 65–91., concluded that there is an implicit assumption that stakeholder orientation is positively associated with company performance, but that this assumption has not been empirically tested. In the marketing literature studies Kohli, A.K., Jaworski, B.J., Kumar, A., 1993. MARKOR: A measure of market orientation. Journal of Marketing Research 30, 467–477; and Slater, S.F., Narver, J.C., 1995. Market orientation and the learning organization. Journal of Marketing 59, 63–74., of the association of the market orientation with performance, also concluded that empirical evidence is needed about wider stakeholder orientation and performance, to expand our understanding of market orientation. The study reported in this article provides such evidence from a sample of UK companies. The theory tested addresses stakeholder orientation to consumers, competitors, employees, and shareholders, the potential association of these orientations with company performance, and potential moderation of these associations from the external environment. The results indicate that stakeholder orientation per se is not associated with performance per se, but that different types of stakeholder orientation are associated with different measures of performance, and that these associations are moderated by the external environment.
The specificity of the operation profile of high-tech companies, including the necessity of
operating at the international scale may account for the fact that these companies may find in
network ...relationships, business networks and cooperation an essential determinant for growth
and competitiveness. Foreign entities should be especially interesting business partners for hightech
companies, as they are often seen as representing more advanced knowledge, resources and
experience. The aim of the article is to point out to global business networks (i.e. including both
local and foreign entities), and especially to cooperation within supply chain, as an important
basis for a growth strategy of a high-tech company.
The article adopts assumptions of the network approach as a concept of companies cooperation.
An analysis of the author’s own as well as secondary empirical research, with the focus on hightech
companies located in Poland is presented. In particular, the data from own research of 62
high-tech companies in Poland conducted in the first half of 2011 is analysed. It shows that the
high-tech companies placing great importance on cooperation within supply chain demonstrate
a higher growth and level of competitiveness than the companies which do not ascribe such
importance (bearing in mind that supply chain forms an important part of a business network).
This study utilises the inter-relationship between market orientation and innovation in order to examine alternative mechanisms through which market orientation contributes to service firm ...performance. Three mechanisms (direct, mediated and moderator) are examined using regression analysis and structural equation modelling in a sample of 231 firms which develop new services. Market orientation is found to contribute to performance through a dual mechanism in that it contributes both directly and through innovation, with innovation mediating the contribution. These results emphasise that researchers should consider the inter-relationships between multiple sources of advantage in seeking explanations of firm performance.
Proposes that firms of different Miles and Snow strategic types will have different bundles of firm-level capabilities; that is, certain capabilities will be more important to certain strategic ...types. Specifically, proposes that prospectors have greater relative inside-out capabilities and information technology capabilities, while defenders have greater relative outside-in capabilities and marketing capabilities. Empirically tests, and finds support for, the propositions using a data set of 245 Chinese firms, comprised mostly of state-owned enterprises. Understanding the Chinese business environment is of importance to businesses around the world as the Chinese economy undergoes rapid expansion and decentralization of strategic decision making to the level of the state-owned enterprise. As the central government takes on a lesser role in the management of enterprises, and Chinese enterprise managers become more responsible for their own strategic decision making, a clear understanding of the enterprise's specific capabilities and advantages is required in order to achieve sustained competitive advantage. Concludes by discussing managerial implications.
Over the past five years, McKinsey has been involved with over 800 individual post merger engagements. The perspective gained from post-merger management (PMM), combined with corporate finance and ...strategy (CFS) research, has helped the firm improve target selection and evaluation. McKinsey found several patterns of success in their analysis of M&A data. Larger, high-performing companies making smaller acquisitions of less successful companies do better than average. When companies pursue a balanced buy-and-sell approach over time, performance improves. Companies with an integration program - they make a series of acquisitions that seem to be heading towards a particular goal - do well. Companies that undertake formal, post-transaction learning improve their performance. Acquirers who are relatively strong performers compared to their targets do better than average in the acquisition game. Acquirers tend to do a better job of making estimates of cost-based synergies than they do of estimating revenue-based synergies. Some 70 percent of mergers fail to achieve expected revenue synergies. But on the cost side, the experience is considerably better, though they are still overestimated by 20 percent or more in about 35 percent of the cases.
Purpose - This paper aims to investigate the relationship between board process attributes and company performance of family-owned companies within an emerging country context.Design methodology ...approach - A survey questionnaire was developed and conducted on a sample of privately-held Turkish companies where a total of 386 usable questionnaires were returned. From the original data set a sub-sample of 266 firms with majority family ownership was created. Based on the extant literature, a set of 18 directors' collective attributes and 15 directors' individual attributes were identified as potentially relevant for company performance. Relying on the perceptions of the respondents, multiple subjective measures of company performance were adopted.Findings - Company performance is found to be positively related to the directors' collective and individual attributes which are associated with access to information, effectiveness of board, observance of fiduciary responsibility and performance evaluation.Practical implications - The essential implication of the study for establishing a desirable board climate is the necessity of having a keen focus on information. Sticking to fiduciary responsibility and application of performance evaluations are also indispensable attributes of high performance companies. These attitudes all combined seem to culminate in effective board process.Originality value - While the subject of corporate governance is gaining an increasing attention from both academic and business circles, there is a dearth of research on board process attributes and their impact on company performance. This paper, therefore, aims to fill this lacuna by examining the relationship between board process attributes and company performance within a big emerging country context.
Chapters in this book include: (1) The Psychology of Entrepreneurship (Melek Kalkan and Canani Kaygusuz); (2) Entrepreneurial Intentions: The Role of the Cognitive Variables (Jose C. Sanchez); (3) Do ...External Factors Influence Students' Entrepreneurial Inclination? An Evidence Based Approach (Ishfaq Ahmed, Muhammad Musarrat Nawaz and Muhammad Ramzan); (4) Reflections on Eco-Preneurship (Alan E. Singer); (5) The Effect of an Entrepreneurial Training Programme on Entrepreneurial Traits and Intention of Secondary Students (Ricardo Gouveia Rodrigues, Anabela Dinis, Arminda do Paco, Joao Ferreira and Mario Raposo); (6) Academic Entrepreneurship and Financial Problems: The Capital Structure of the University Spin-Offs (David Rodeiro, Sara Fernandez, Milagros Vivel and Maria Jesus Rodriguez); (7) Entrepreneurship Education and Pupils' Attitudes Towards Entrepreneurs (Vegard Johansen, Tuva Schanke and Tommy Hoyvarde Clausen); (8) Entrepreneurship, University Research, and Growth: European North vs. South (Panagiotis E. Petrakis); (9) Academic Entrepreneurship: What Changes When Scientists Become Academic Entrepreneurs? (Igor Prodan and Alenka Slavec); (10) University's Entrepreneurship Education: Creating Meaningful Impression for New Generation (Muhammad Nizam Zainuddin); (11) Critical Development Paths of University Spinoff Ventures (Philip Bowe and Rory O'Shea); (12) Fostering Entrepreneurship by Developing a New Learning Environment Within a Finnish University of Applied Sciences (Pasi Juvonen); (13) Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth: Macroeconomic Analysis and Effects of Social Capital in the EU (Marta Portela, Emilia Vazquez-Rozas, Isabel Neira and Elvira Viera); (14) Types of Entrepreneurial Action and Societal Provision for the Future: An Inquiry (John Bratland); (15) Examining the Bidirectional Relationship Between Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth: Is Entrepreneurship Endogenous? (Maribel N. Mojica-Howell, Wesley L. Whittaker, Tesfa G. Gebremedhin and Peter V. Schaeffer); and (16) Entrepreneurs' Resilience Measurement (Nor Aishah Buang). (Individual chapters contain figures and references.)
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