Kandoushi is a word that expresses an impression, also called “interjection” in Indonesian, and is one type of emotive interjection. This study examines the meaning and use of emotive interjection, ...and its similarities and differences in Japanese and Indonesian. The method in this study used a descriptive contrastive analysis method with the note-taking technique. The data is taken from the dialogue in the Japanese anime “ReLIFE” and the Indonesian TV series “Tetangga Masa Gitu” and “Bajaj Bajuri”. The results of the study showed that the emotive interjection in Japanese and Indonesian had several similar meanings, particularly expressing feelings of pleasure, admiration, annoyance, confusion, and distress. Then, both of them have the same use, which is used to confirm the speech partner’s expression, is used to conclude something, is used to protest against the speech partner, is used to show approval, and is used to realize something. Interjection comprehension is very important in understanding an utterance intent in a conversation so that communication can take place with native speakers or fellow foreign students. This study only examines the interjections in terms of the emotive feeling/impression of being surprised. Therefore, for future research, it is expected to research form, meaning, and the use of other interjections in terms of phonology.
This paper reports on a cross-linguistic study of ‘be’ verbs in Czech, English and Norwegian, viz. být, be and være, drawing on data from the fiction part of the International Comparable Corpus ...(Čermáková et al. 2021). The study identifies two main uses of ‘be’ verbs: auxiliary and linking, plus an ‘other’ category which includes minor (often) language-specific uses. The study reveals marked proportional differences in how the three languages exploit the grammatical and functional potential of their respective ‘be’ verbs, notably there is a marked preference for linking uses in English and Norwegian and a more even distribution between auxiliary and linking uses in Czech. In a case study of the linking use, the languages are shown to behave similarly, but with some minor differences regarding choice of adjective to describe fictional subjects. The methodology highlights the importance of a carefully crafted tertium comparationis at several levels, not only in relation to datasets and linguistic phenomena investigated, but also as regards terminology and grammatical traditions of description for the languages compared.
In this paper, we revisit the renowned binary distinction between the first- and second-order perspectives on politeness through an approach that combines speech acts with interaction. We challenge ...the long-held assumption that speech acts are ‘artificial’, providing a mere ‘second-order’ perspective on politeness. As an alternative, we propose an approach through which one can study speech act realisation and pragmatic phenomena such as politeness in interaction. We present a case study, in which we analyse an interaction featuring a clash between an animal rights protester and the organisers of a children's party where animals are on display. We explore how politeness and related pragmatic phenomena such as moral order can be captured through the lens of speech acts embedded in interactional moves. This analysis is followed by a contrastive discourse analytic study, which again represents an ‘in-between’ of first- and second-order analyses. We conclude that the binary first- and second-order distinction in politeness research is not only problematic because it is too simplistic to capture the whole cluster of perspectives relevant for politeness, but also because it leads to an overly simplified methodological divide.
•Critiques the binary first- and second-order distinction in linguistic politeness research.•Studies interactional moves with the aid of a finite typology of speech acts.•Provides new insights into the relationship between politeness and morality/the moral order.
Abstract The current study examines the extent to which perceptual factors may account for the emergence of assibilated variants of the alveopalatal approximant /j/ in two geographically remote ...varieties of Spanish. Participants from Medellin, Colombia and Santiago, Dominican Republic completed a discrimination task and a matched guise. Both tasks presented listeners with stimuli containing affricate ʤ and approximant j allophones of /j/. Participants were more accurate when discriminating between sound pairs that included the affricate allophone, suggesting that the presence of (af)frication is a salient acoustic cue upon which judgments are reliably made. Therefore, we argue that the emergence of assibilated variants (ʤ, ʒ) can be explained in part by more prominent acoustic cuing and thus greater perceptual salience. Evidence of the relationship between these findings and a possible sound change in progress is observed in the association of social characteristics with ʤ and j.
Los encapsuladores son mecanismos cohesivos que comprimen el contenido proposicional de un segmento textual. Cuando son de naturaleza léxica, son capaces de introducir valoraciones implícitas sobre ...su antecedente. Han sido objeto de estudio en diferentes géneros, entre ellos el debate parlamentario (Botley, 2006; Izquierdo Alegría & González Ruiz, 2013a; Ribera, 2016, 2019; Ribera & Marín, 2018; Marín & Ribera, 2018; Vajnovszki, 2022), en el que parecen comportarse como relevantes herramientas de persuasión. Los estudios sobre encapsulación en corpus parlamentarios se centran en diversos parámetros, pero no se han adentrado todavía en una variable que parece generar importantes divergencias en la función desempeñada por los encapsuladores: si el parlamentario forma parte del Gobierno o de la oposición. Este estudio analiza un corpus de 400 testimonios que contienen un encapsulador compuesto por un demostrativo, un adjetivo y un sustantivo seleccionados siguiendo un enfoque CADS (Corpus-assisted Discourse Studies) en las versiones española y británica de los corpus ParlaMint 2.1 (Erjavec, Ogrodniczuk, Osenova et al., 2023). Los resultados muestran que, si bien los encapsuladores valorativos son más numerosos que los no valorativos en el discurso del Gobierno y de la oposición en España y en el Reino Unido, los miembros de la oposición utilizan con mayor frecuencia encapsuladores de valoración negativa en intervenciones en las que atacan la imagen de sus oponentes, mientras que los miembros del Gobierno tienden a explotar más este recurso para el autoelogio mediante valoraciones positivas.
This study aims to identify Arabic sounds that are difficult for Indonesian speakers to articulate and formulate a learning system that is suitable for them. The learning system that will be ...formulated in this study includes the objectives of learning Arabic sounds, the material, the learning methods, and the training models used to train students and measure their level of mastery of the sounds of Arabic from various aspects. For this purpose, this study uses contrastive analysis, namely a contrastive comparison between Arabic sounds and Indonesian sounds to identify the differences between the two of various phonetic features. In addition, this study also uses descriptive methods in processing and presenting various theories about contrasting sounds and learning methods. This study comes to the conclusion that 11 Arabic sounds can be identified as difficult sounds for Indonesian speakers, namely Tsa '/ ث /, Ha / ح /, Kha' / خ /, Dzal. / ذ /, Syin / ش /, Shad / ص /, Dhad / ض /, Tha '/ ط /, Dza' / ظ /, Ain / ع /, Qaf / ق /. This study also concludes that learning Arabic sounds for Indonesian speakers should focus on how they identify, distinguish, and articulate these sounds correctly. To this ends, learning these sounds can use three forms of learning, namely mi'yari (prescriptive), intaaji (productive), and washfi (descriptive) learning. . While the practice can use varius patterns namely ta'arrufi (identifying), tamyiizi (differentiating), and nuthqi (articulating).
The comparative study aimed to describe the characteristics of Chinese and Indonesian nominal sentences. The research contributed to teaching Chinese as a second language and the field of translation ...as well. Chinese was being studied all over the world, and Indonesia was no exception. Nevertheless, contrastive analysis between Chinese and Indonesian in the field of syntax were still limited. Nominal sentences are one of the classifications of sentences based on the predicate form. Accordingly, Chinese and Indonesian nominal sentences have similar definitions but differed in the words or phrases that form the predicate. The data in the contrastive analysis study were Chinese and Indonesian nominal sentences from short stories, novels, other literary works, and examples of related grammatical works. The data were analyzed using the James procedure and the contrastive analysis method with four steps described by Di Pietro. The finding of the contrastive analysis indicates that in both languages, nominal sentence usage is limited under certain conditions; some Chinese nominal sentences will become verb sentences when translated into Indonesian. Also, Chinese and Indonesian nominal sentences differ in their negative forms. The error analysis indicates that Indonesian students still lack knowledge of Chinese nominal sentences and characteristics.
Aquest estudi té com a objectiu analitzar des d'una perspectiva de la lingüística cognitiva un conjunt de 23 construccions espanyoles freqüents i els seus equivalents en anglès amb el verb tàctil ...prototípic relacionat amb les emocions positives i negatives. Mitjançant l'examinació de l'abast metafòric de les expressions de percepció tàctil seleccionades, elaborem una taxonomia conceptual basada en els mapatges metafòrics i metonímics subjacents. Els nostres resultats corroboren la hipòtesi que les extensions conceptuals dels verbs de percepció són un fenomen intercultural. Es preveu que la classificació proposada servirà de base per la creació d'un material de tipus cognitiu que millorarà el procés d'ensenyament-aprenentatge d'ELE fent més significativa l'assimilació i la retenció d'expressions.
