Sensor technologies have improved the everyday life of human beings through their applications in almost all fields. Sensors are devices that detect changes in the source/environment and collect ...signals, and accordingly, the reaction is designed. There is a range of sources, including light, temperature, movements, and pressure etc., which may be used. A wide range of applications is utilised using innovative sensor technologies in lifestyle, healthcare, fitness, manufacturing, and daily life. In the medical field, the difficulty to take medicine is eased by drug donors fitted with sensors. It reminds them to take medicine via a signal and also supply the necessary medicine at the specified moment. In health care, older individuals, athletes, and risk patients benefit from modern sensor technology. The current industrial trends driving innovation include ultrasound, radar, and non-contact optoelectronic solutions and laser technology. The paper gives a brief overview of the numerous types of sensors that are utilised in everyday life. Various capabilities of sensors for day-to-day healthcare are discussed. Various features, associated nomenclature, and measures for sensors in day-to-day routine life are discussed diagrammatically and finally, the paper identifies and discusses twenty-two significant applications of sensors for daily life. Sensors also produce vital information and exchange data with other connected devices and administration systems when linked to a network. Thus, for the effective running of many companies, sensors are critical. Various types of sensors are used in our daily life, which is more accurate and makes quicker analysis.
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•The types of devices and commonly extracted features for each physiological signal.•The research is divided into laboratory, office, school, automobile and daily life.•Relaxation ...apps and methods that could be applied to reduce extreme stress.•Research directions and open research problems in the topic were identified.
Stress has become a significant cause for many diseases in the modern society. Recently, smartphones, smartwatches and smart wrist-bands have become an integral part of our lives and have reached a widespread usage. This raised the question of whether we can detect and prevent stress with smartphones and wearable sensors. In this survey, we will examine the recent works on stress detection in daily life which are using smartphones and wearable devices. Although there are a number of works related to stress detection in controlled laboratory conditions, the number of studies examining stress detection in daily life is limited. We will divide and investigate the works according to used physiological modality and their targeted environment such as office, campus, car and unrestricted daily life conditions. We will also discuss promising techniques, alleviation methods and research challenges.
People differ in the way they live their daily lives. For some people, daily life is characterized by multiple and diverse experiences, while others have more stability and routine in their lives. ...However, little is known about how variety in daily life relates to the expression of personality states. The present study examined within-person associations between variety in social partners, places, and activities with state expression. Data came from an ambulatory assessment study (N = 962, Mage = 25.49) with four assessments per day over a period of six consecutive days. The results of the multilevel modeling analyses suggest that variety in daily life is associated with some, but not all, state expressions. For instance, on days when participants experienced a greater variety in activities, they reported being less neurotic and conscientious, but also more agreeable. In addition, the links between all social partners, places, and activities with the expression of the state were examined simultaneously to obtain more detailed information on the multifaceted nature of situation-state expression links. We conclude that variety in daily life has both theoretical and empirical relevance for the expression of personality states.
The direct growth of uniform graphene disks and their continuous film is achieved by exploiting the molten state of glass. The use of molten glass enables highly uniform nucleation and an enhanced ...growth rate (tenfold) of graphene, as compared to those scenarios on commonly used insulating solids. The obtained graphene glasses show promising application potentials in daily‐life scenarios such as smart heating devices and biocompatible cell‐culture mediums.
The negative effects of mental stress on human health has been known for decades. High-level stress must be detected at early stages to prevent these negative effects. After the emergence of wearable ...devices that could be part of our lives, researchers have started detecting extreme stress of individuals with them during daily routines. Initial experiments were performed in laboratory environments and recently a number of works took a step outside the laboratory environment to the real-life. We developed an automatic stress detection system using physiological signals obtained from unobtrusive smart wearable devices which can be carried during the daily life routines of individuals. This system has modality-specific artifact removal and feature extraction methods for real-life conditions. We further tested our system in a real-life setting with collected physiological data from 21 participants of an algorithmic programming contest for nine days. This event had lectures, contests as well as free time. By using heart activity, skin conductance and accelerometer signals, we successfully discriminated contest stress, relatively higher cognitive load (lecture) and relaxed time activities by using different machine learning methods.
How pervasive is mind wandering, really? Seli, Paul; Beaty, Roger E.; Cheyne, James Allan ...
Consciousness and cognition,
November 2018, 2018-11-00, 20181101, Volume:
66
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
•Assessed daily-life mind wandering (MW) with dichotomous and continuous probes.•Estimates of daily-life MW varied dramatically depending on the probe used.•Results indicate that seeking a single ...value for MW is not very psychologically informative.
Recent claims that people spend 30–50% of their waking lives mind wandering (Killingsworth & Gilbert, 2010; Kane et al., 2007) have become widely accepted and frequently cited. While acknowledging attention to be inconstant and wavering, and mind wandering to be ubiquitous, we argue and present evidence that such simple quantitative estimates are misleading and potentially meaningless without serious qualification. Mind-wandering estimates requiring dichotomous judgments of inner experience rely on questionable assumptions about how such judgments are made, and the resulting data do not permit straightforward interpretation. We present evidence that estimates of daily-life mind wandering vary dramatically depending on the response options provided. Offering participants a range of options in estimating task engagement yielded variable mind-wandering estimates, from approximately 60% to 10%, depending on assumptions made about how observers make introspective judgments about their mind-wandering experiences and how they understand what it means to be on- or off-task.
•Critical review of EEG artifact removal approaches for daily-life.•The combination of different types of techniques is recommended.•Further research in artifact removal for daily-life EEG-BCI is ...needed.
Since the discovery of the EEG principles by Berger in the 20’s, procedures for artifact removal have been essential in its pre-processing. In literature, diverse approaches based on signal processing, data mining, statistic models, and others compile information from multiple electrodes to build filters for artifact removal in the time, frequency or space domains. For almost one century, EEG acquisitions have required strict experimental conditions that included an isolated room, clinical acquisition systems, rigorous experimental protocols and very precise stimulation control. Under these steady experimental conditions, artifact removal techniques have not significantly evolved since then. However, in the last decade technological advances in brain-computer interfaces permit EEG acquisition by means of wireless, mobile, dry, wearable, and low-cost EEG headsets, with new potential daily-life applications, such as in entertainment or industry. New aspects not considered before, such as massive muscular and electrical artifacts, reduced number of electrodes, uncontrolled concomitant stimulus or the need for online processing are now essential. In this paper, we present a critical review of EEG artifact removal approaches, discuss their applicability to daily-life EEG-BCI applications, and give some directions and guidelines for upcoming research in this topic. Based on the results of the review, existing artifact removal techniques need further evolution to be applied in daily-life EEG-BCI. The use of multiple-step procedures is recommended, combining source decomposition with blind source separation and adaptive filtering, rather than using them separately. It is also recommendable to define and characterize most of artifacts evoked in daily-life EEG-BCI for a more effective removal.
•The factors driving the use of smartphones have different effects.•The use of smartphones for travel is associated with tourists’ everyday lives.•The use of smartphones for travel transforms the ...tourist experience.•The study enriches the discussion regarding the dichotomy of tourism and daily life.•The proposed model can inform future studies on the en-route decision making process.
Mobile systems have become important tools enabling tourists to navigate an uncertain world. A critical examination of the literature suggests that work is needed to develop a holistic understanding on the smartphone use for travel. The results of this study confirms that the use of smartphones for travel is shaped by complex interactions between contextual factors, cognitive beliefs, previous experiences and everyday use, and that smartphone use has the potential to substantially transform the tourist experience. A framework is proposed that integrates the mechanisms shaping the adoption, use and impact of smartphones in travel. This framework provides a broad foundation for understanding how mobile systems shape tourist experience while providing directions for future research in the area of mobile computing.
Experience sampling methodology (ESM) requires participants to repeatedly rate various psychological states in everyday life. This can be burdensome, leading to frequently skipped or missed ...assessments that undermine the ecological validity of collected data. Financially compensating participants may counter suboptimal response rates, but monetary rewards are not always feasible or ethical, and are unfitting to counter non-response in the moment. Here, we investigated the potential of a gamified momentary reward strategy to encourage survey completion. In a between-person experiment, we randomly assigned 193 participants to take part in a standard (i.e., no momentary incentives) or gamified ESM protocol. Upon completing a survey in the gamified condition, participants immediately received some virtual coins to purchase various in-app rewards (fun facts or personalized graphs). Gamifying momentary survey completion resulted in higher response rates and shorter latencies, but only for participants who frequently bought rewards in the coin store. Paradoxically, momentary gamification also caused participants’ responses to be slightly more unreliable. Completion times did not differ. The reward schemes of future ESM studies should focus on both response quantity and quality. To further explore the potential of momentary incentive strategies, we provide open access to customizable gamification building blocks within our ESM platform, m-Path.
•Real-time game-based rewards for survey completion may lead to higher response rates in experience sampling (ESM) studies.•However, gamification also paradoxically undermines the reliability of participants' momentary self-reported responses.•We should include both measures of response quantity and quality in the reward schemes of future ESM studies.
Objective
To test whether polygenic risk score for schizophrenia (PRS‐S) interacts with childhood adversity and daily‐life stressors to influence momentary mental state domains (negative affect, ...positive affect, and subtle psychosis expression) and stress‐sensitivity measures.
Methods
The data were retrieved from a general population twin cohort including 593 adolescents and young adults. Childhood adversity was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Daily‐life stressors and momentary mental state domains were measured using ecological momentary assessment. PRS‐S was trained on the latest Psychiatric Genetics Consortium schizophrenia meta‐analysis. The analyses were conducted using multilevel mixed‐effects tobit regression models.
Results
Both childhood adversity and daily‐life stressors were associated with increased negative affect, decreased positive affect, and increased subtle psychosis expression, while PRS‐S was only associated with increased positive affect. No gene–environment correlation was detected. There is novel evidence for interaction effects between PRS‐S and childhood adversity to influence momentary mental states negative affect (b = 0.07, P = 0.013), positive affect (b = −0.05, P = 0.043), and subtle psychosis expression (b = 0.11, P = 0.007) and stress‐sensitivity measures.
Conclusion
Exposure to childhood adversities, particularly in individuals with high PRS‐S, is pleiotropically associated with emotion dysregulation and psychosis proneness.
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