During the past years, Iran is facing a severe water shortage crisis due to long droughts and mismanagement of its water resources. Changing the cultivation pattern in order to increase irrigation ...efficiency, not only saves valuable water, but also increases the income of agricultural activities. Based on this, considering the excessive lack of water resources in some parts of Iran, it seems absolutely necessary to investigate the effects of changing the cultivation pattern at the level of villages active in this field. Therefore, the aim of this research is to analyze the consequences of changing the pattern of saffron and pistachio cultivation and its impact on the development of rural areas in the villages of Rashtkhwara. This research has been done by descriptive-analytical method. In this regard, the change of cultivation pattern in 377 households living in these villages of the city was investigated. For this purpose, a wide range of indicators were determined along with documentary studies and initial field visits. Then, data collection has been done based on selected indicators and using village and household questionnaires. Statistical and spatial analysis and Expert choice, SPSS, Fazy-Topsis software were also used for data analysis. The findings of the research show that the annual income from pistachio production in 43.9% of the studied households is more than the income of other products. The results of this study show that the indicators of increasing the variety of job opportunities with a coefficient of 0.086 and creating employment opportunities with a coefficient of 0.078 have the highest degree of importance and the method of using poisons with a coefficient of 0.015 and the time and amount of irrigation with a coefficient of 0.010. 0, have the lowest degree of importance. Also, from the analysis of the studied data, it can be concluded that the change of the cultivation pattern has had a significant effect on the improvement of the socio-economic status of the residents of the studied villages.
Abstract
This paper analyzes the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals SDG in the rural territories of Russia. The sustainable development of rural territories is a problem of world ...significance. The importance of the discussed problem is that economically steady and socially developed rural territories are the guarantors of stability, independence, and food security of the state. Therefore, the vector of their development becomes the priority direction of national policy. The solution to this scientific problem is the formation of a new scientific direction in studies of sustainable development of rural areas by justifying the necessary conceptual basis and defining indicators of regional development following the goals of sustainable development. The authors analyze rural territories with respect to the share of product output produced by the agricultural industry in the gross regional product (GRP). The correlation, dependence, or influence of the agricultural sector on the regional economy is shown. According to the received results, 57 Russian regions can be carried to rural territories that make more than 50% of all territory. The authors analyzed indicators of sustainable development of the rural territories included in the State program “Complex development of rural territories,” according to SDG. It is shown that not all SDGs were included in the state program of development of rural territories. However, Russia is at the level of world indicators in terms of achieving these goals.
The aim of the article was, first of all, to determine whether and to what extent legal regulations favour cooperatives and influence the development of rural areas in Poland and selected countries ...of Western Europe. Secondly, it attempts to indicate the possible directions for the development of cooperatives in rural areas in light of the new rules of the Common Agricultural Policy after 2022 and the European Green Deal. The basic research method involved the dogmatic analysis of normative texts, which is a characteristic feature of a lawyer’s work. At the beginning of the article selected issues related to cooperatives in the European Union and EU rural development principles were presented, then regulations concerning the establishment and operation of cooperatives in Poland, Germany, France and Italy. The next part of the article refers to the new EU regulation of December 2021, which will enter into force on 1 January 2023; and indicate regulations that will be of benefit to cooperatives and that will particularly contribute to the development of rural areas. The issue of the European Green Deal and its impact on association in the form of cooperatives was also discussed.
Public funding for land consolidation projects is an instrument in the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union (CAP). The execution of systematic land consolidation programmes focused on ...optimising the spatial structure of agricultural areas presents the possibility of improving agricultural production conditions and maximising the efficiency of agriculture at the local, regional, national, and international levels. However, due to limited access to financial resources, it is necessary to delimit priority areas for land consolidation. A contemporary practice based on an assessment of the social support percentage of potential land consolidation projects in individual villages does not represent a real necessity for action. This problem leads to the ineffective utilisation of financial resources and reduces the efficiency of the implemented programmes. We propose a new algorithm for assessing the real needs for land consolidation based on a detailed multi-faceted analysis of the spatial structure of agricultural areas. The research method involved factors describing the spatial structure defectiveness of farms, as well as those determining land quality in relation to investment profitability. Another factor verifying the potential economic rationale of land consolidation is transaction prices, which mostly reflect the agricultural value of the land. The analysis showed that land consolidation in areas with defective spatial structures and relatively high market value should be a priority. The study enabled the extraction of five of the 58 analysed villages, characterised by above-average demand for land consolidation and above-average land prices. This approach will contribute to profit maximisation by increasing the productivity of areas with the highest agricultural suitability.
Rural areas have been subjected to constant transformations for centuries. The current state of the settlement network and image of Polish space has resulted from a number of political and legal ...transformations along with economic and social processes. With the development of civilization, the factors determining the location of new residential building developments and the function of rural areas have changed. The importance of non-agricultural production functions and consumption functions has currently increased at a cost of a declining share of agricultural production.The objective of the study was to determine the degree to which the structure of cadastral parcels restricts the possibilities of development of different functions in rural areas. The research was conducted in the Nasielsk commune. Planning documents were analyzed to determine the directions of development of the commune. The structure of all of the commune’s cadastral parcels was analyzed to determine their surface areas and shapes. The layout of selected agricultural farms was determined, with a consideration for the area of the farms, the number of parcels, their surface areas, and their shapes.According to the research, the defective structure of cadastral parcels largely restricts not only the development of agriculture but also the rational management of parcels allocated for building development. Moreover, it facilitates a natural forest succession, which is favorable from an environmental point of view but undoubtedly constitutes an obstacle in the use of arable land.
This study reviews the main measures for the development of rural areas positioned in Japan’s basic food plan. MAFF plays a central role in comprehensively promoting rural area policy in cooperation ...with related bodies along the 3 points; 1) Creation of employment and income though improving profitability by strengthening agricultural production bases and creating new value by utilizing diverse rural resources, 2) Establishing conditions for people to continue living in rural areas such as hilly and mountainous areas, and 3) Creating new movements and vitality to support rural areas over a wide area by raising public interest in rural areas.
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