•Demonstrate use of BrainMap or Neurosynth as a cognition dictionary.•Less than 1% of brain imaging studies have utilized this dictionary approach.•This approach can be especially valuable for ...clinical research and practice.
Characterizing the functional involvement of specific brain regions has long been a central challenge in cognitive neuroscience. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) techniques have offered solutions for mapping functional neural networks. The complex nature of structure-function correspondence makes an elaborate task design difficult to fully capture higher-order cognitive function. Other research practices, such as brain-behavior association or between-group comparisons, are thus widely used to explore cognitive correlations with specific brain regions. However, interpreting the results derived from a specific brain region with their underlying cognitive functions has been too general in publications. Here, we use two examples, i.e., a brain-intelligence correlation study and a depression-control comparison meta-study, to demonstrate use of two neuroimaging online databases, BrainMap and Neurosynth. One key utility of the two databases is collecting results from massive cognitive task-based fMRI (tb-fMRI) studies, i.e., coordinates in standard brain space. Just like looking up a “coordinate-based cognition dictionary”, researchers can receive a plethora of related tb-fMRI activation information characterized by cognitive domains, specific cognitive functions, cognitive task paradigms, and related publications. Surprisingly, we found that only less than 1% of brain-behavior association or between-group comparison studies have utilized this dictionary approach. We encourage the community to further engage with the existing databases for specific and comprehensive interpretation of neuroimaging as well as guidance of future experimental tb-fMRI design.
Planet bearing fault identification is an attractive but challenging task in wind turbine condition monitoring and fault diagnosis. Traditional fault characteristic frequency identification based ...diagnostic strategies are not sufficient for reliable planet bearing fault detection, due to complex physical configurations and modulation characteristics in planetary drivetrains. In this paper, we propose a discriminative dictionary learning based sparse representation classification (DDL-SRC) framework for intelligent planet bearing fault identification. Our framework could learn a reconstructive and discriminative dictionary for signal sparse representation and an optimal linear classifier for classification tasks simultaneously, which bridges the gap between dictionary learning and classifier training in traditional SRC methods. Specifically, the optimization objective introduces a novel regularization term called ‘discriminative sparse codes error’ and incorporates it with the reconstruction error and classification error. Thus, the dictionary learned by our framework possesses not only the reconstructive power for sparse representation but also the discriminative power for classifier training. The optimization formulation is efficiently solved using K-SVD and orthogonal matching pursuit algorithms. The experiment validations have been conducted for demonstrating the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed DDL-SRC framework over the state-of-the-art dictionary learning based SRC and deep convolutional neural network methods for intelligent planet bearing fault identification.
•A new discriminative dictionary learning based sparse representation classification method is proposed for fault diagnosis.•DDL-SRC introduces a discriminative sparse codes error term to enhance the discriminability for dictionary learning.•DDL-SRC learns a discriminative dictionary and an optimal classifier model jointly for superior classification performance.•The optimization problem for discriminative dictionary learning is efficiently solved by the K-SVD algorithm.•DDL-SRC outperforms the state-of-the-art methods for intelligent fault identification of planet bearings in wind turbine.
In this paper, a local adaptive joint sparse representation (LAJSR) model is proposed for the classification of hyperspectral remote sensing images. It improves the original joint sparse ...representation (JSR) method in both the signal and dictionary construction phase and sparse representation phase. Given a testing pixel, a similar signal set is constructed by picking a few of the most similar pixels from its spatial neighborhood. The original training dictionary consists of training samples from different classes and is extended by adding spatial neighbors of each training sample. A local adaptive dictionary is built by selecting the most representative atoms from the extended dictionary that are correlated to the similar signal set. In the LAJSR framework, the selected similar signals are simultaneously represented by the local adaptive dictionary, and the obtained sparse representation coefficients are further weighted by a sparsity concentration index vector which aims to concentrate and highlight the coefficients on the expected class. Experimental results on two benchmark hyperspectral data sets have demonstrated that the proposed LAJSR method is much more effective than existing JSR and SVM methods, especially in the case of small sample sizes.
Generating emotional responses plays an important role in human–computer conversational system. Adopting emotional information to the generation process improves user’s satisfaction and makes the ...generated responses more human-like. Furthermore using fixed and unrelated emotion dictionary limits the overall performance of recent models. In order to generate and utilize the emotional words related to our datasets and sensitive to semantic importance, we propose a dynamic emotion dictionary module to generate a proper emotional expression. Considering the response sometimes focuses on the certain words of the input text, we also introduce dual-copying mechanism for taking advantages of not only emotion dictionary but also words appearing in the input text. Experimental results demonstrate that our model outperforms strong alternatives in several metrics, e.g. BLEU, embedding similarity, Rouge-L and the quality of human evaluation.
The Centre for Political and Related Terminology in Southern African Languages (CEPTSA) published the revised and amended bilingual translating version of the Modern Political Dictionary (MPD) in ...2011, and immediately started to define core political terms. The phases of the project, consisting of different translating and explanatory versions, are discussed. The aim of CEPTSA is to promote the usage of political and related terminology in Southern Africa. Research is being done on these subject fields, and relevant concepts and terms are harvested, defined and translated. The source language is English and Afrikaans was initially the tar-get language. The Centre, however, already compiled a list of 1000 core terms of the subject area in Tswana, Northern Sotho, Zulu and Xhosa. The Centre is currently busy with defining a further 1500 core terms and as soon as this process is finalised, the English/Afrikaans core terminology list and definitions will be published and the data translated into the official African languages. The Centre provides a terminological and subject-related service to lecturers and under- and postgraduate students in international politics, political studies and governance, public administration, municipal government and administration, development studies and strategic studies. A service is also rendered to members of parliament, provincial legislature and local authorities, language practitioners and the media. The Centre received several awards for the bilingual dictionaries already published, namely the Dictionary category of the South African Translators' Institute (SATI) (2003), the 'Woordfees' award of the Afrikaanse Taal- en Kultuurvereniging (ATKV) (Afrikaans Language and Cultural Association) (2006), and the Stals award of the Suid-Afikaanse Akademie vir Wetenskap en Kuns (South African Academy for Science and the Arts) (2010). Die Sentrum Vir Politieke en Verwante Terminologie in Suider-Afrikaanse Tale (CEPTSA) - vertalende en verklarende woordeboeke. Die Sentrum Vir Politieke en Verwante Terminologie in Suider-Afrikaanse Tale (CEPTSA) het die hersiene en bygewerkte tweetalige vertalende weergawe van die Nuwerwetse Politieke Woordeboek (NWP) in 2011 gepubliseer en dadelik begin om kernterme te definieer. Die fases van die projek wat verskillende vertalende en verklarende weergawes behels, word bespreek. Die doel van CEPTSA is om die gebruik van politieke en verwante terminologie in Suider-Afrika te bevorder. Navorsing word dus op hierdie vakterreine gedoen en relevante konsepte en terme word versamel, gedefinieer en vertaal. Die brontaal is Engels en aanvanklik was die doeltaal Afrikaans. Die Sentrum het egter reeds 'n lys met 1000 kernterme van die vakgebied in Tswana, Noord-Sotho, Zulu en Xhosa saamgestel. Die Sentrum is tans besig om 'n verdere 1500 kernterme te verklaar en sodra die proses afgehandel is, sal die Engels/Afrikaanse kernterme en definisies gepubliseer word en die data in die amptelike Afrikatale vertaal word. Die Sentrum lewer 'n terminologies-vakkundige diens aan dosente en voor- en nagraadse studente in die internasionale politiek, staatkunde, publieke administrasie, plaaslike regering en administrasie, ontwikkeling- en strategiese studies. Die diens aan lede van die parlement, provinsiale wetgewers en plaaslike bestuur, taalpraktisyns en die media kan nie onderskat word nie. Die Sentrum het verskillende toekennings gekry vir die tweetalige publikasies wat reeds die lig gesien het, naamlik die Woordeboekkategorie van die Suid-Afrikaanse Vertalersinstituut (SAVI) (2003), die Woordfeestoekenning van die Afrikaanse Taal- en Kultuurvereniging (ATKV) (2006) en die Stalprys van die Suid-Afikaanse Akademie vir Wetenskap en Kuns (SAAWK) (2010).
Placed at the interface between metalexicography and gender studies, this short article discusses issues concerning gender representations in present-day dictionaries. Evoking recent controversies ...regarding the representation of gender-related terms such as “cisgender” or “woman” in The Oxford English Dictionary, the essay goes on to discuss the prescriptive/descriptive opposition concerning lexicographical representations, taking its cue from previous approaches, which suggest re-envisaging the prescriptive/descriptive dyad as a continuum (Straaijer, 2009; Wilton 2014), or replacing this traditional binary model with a nonbinary approach (Nossem, 2018; Turton, 2020).
The importance of this research topic lies in the need to gather, store, analyze and disseminate accurate information on the management status of educational institutions to guarantee the provision ...of quality educational services. This is particularly crucial in the current trend towards digitalizing educational work and utilizing the internet to facilitate practical management tasks. The study aims to construct a case method model to supervise educational process management outcomes. For that purpose, the study scrutinises the implementation methodologies of existing case models to monitor and analyse the situation without human intervention. Also, the investigation entails creating an implementation algorithm and a simulation model of an interactive case method to monitor educational activities. The formalized logical-semantic apparatus is used to address the research problems. The algorithm development and simulation modeling enabled correlation of the obtained answer with the assigned task, automating the results output. Generating answers in the case method involves considering rules based on the base word, answer keywords, and constraints (true/false). These elements are part of the thesaurus specific to the survey domain and are included in the test's base vocabulary. To test an answer against a question, each inductive step is viewed through a logical formula. Logical statements such as conjunction, disjunction, logical negation, implication, and equivalence are represented by formulas. This method enables the evaluation of the respondent's answer based on the nodes within the statement tree integrated into the test. The progression from the initial word to the node-connection generates an automated assessment of individual educational process management standards. This study enables the enhancement of automated monitoring capabilities for the University's educational process results. The research suggests the potential for developing models and algorithms to form question sets and enable individualized assessments based on the respondent's performance. As a consequence, the devised algorithm and simulation model for the interactive case approach are showcased. During the testing, the key words and example words were compared with the responses of the participants and specific results were obtained. Additional case vocabulary terms need to be added to address the limitations encountered during the model testing and the testing period.
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