Fibre content and its effect on chyme viscosity are associated with changes in the digestive system of humans and pigs. It is unclear if fibre content and viscosity affect digestive function ...independently or interactively. We evaluated apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of nutrients and intestinal function in thirty-six ileal-cannulated barrows fed for 29 d either maize–soyabean meal (MSBM) or high-fibre MSBM + 30 % distillers dried grains with solubles (MSBM + DDGS) modified to three levels of viscosity by adding 5 % non-viscous cellulose (CEL), 6·5 % medium-viscous carboxymethylcellulose (MCMC) or 6·5 % high-viscous CMC (HCMC). Digesta were collected on days 27 and 28 and intestinal samples on day 29. Feeding CMC, regardless of fibre content, increased viscosity of whole digesta (P = 0·003) and digesta supernatant (P < 0·0001) compared with CEL. Feeding MSBM + DDGS or CMC decreased AID of DM (P = 0·003; P < 0·0001) and crude protein (P = 0·02; P < 0·0001) compared with MSBM or CEL. Feeding CMC regardless of fibre content increased jejunal crypt depth (P = 0·02) and ileal goblet cell area (P = 0·004) compared with CEL. Adding DDGS or CMC did not affect villus height and gene expression of jejunal monosaccharide and amino acid transporters. Feeding HCMC, regardless of fibre content, elevated amylase activity by 46 and 50 % in jejunal (P = 0·03) and ileal digesta (P = 0·01) compared with CEL. In summary, diets with increased viscosity decreased nutrient digestibility and induced intestinal changes that were independent of the amount of fibre fed.
The term dietary fibre (indigestible carbohydrates of plant origin) encompasses a range of divergent compounds that differentially affect numerous important gastrointestinal and systemic bodily ...processes.
The main role of the gut is to absorb nutrients following digestion. Complex neurohumoral pathways control gut secretion and motility. Dietary fibres that inhibit intestinal digestive processes result in decreased upper GI transit times, which may affect satiety and satiation.
The large intestine houses a varied microflora. Dietary fibre is a major energy source for these bacteria, and therefore markedly affects microfloral diversity/toxicity. Dietary fibres can also affect innate immune responses of the gut mucosa both directly and indirectly.
Dietary fibre impacts all processes of the gut, which as a result may impact on cardiovascular/systemic health. As many commonly-used hydrocolloids are viscous, palatable dietary fibres, they have the potential to be used in acceptable foodstuffs that offer a wide range of added health benefits.
Dietary fibre is a term that describes a wide range of non-digestible carbohydrate entities with varying biochemical and biophysical properties. As such, different sources and type of dietary fibre have widely different consequence to human physiology.
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is on the increase worldwide, and it represents about 90% of adults who are diagnosed with diabetes. Overweight and obesity, lifestyle, genetic predisposition and ...gut microbiota dysbiosis have been implicated as possible risk factors in the development of type 2 diabetes. In particular, low intake of dietary fibre and consumption of foods high in fat and sugar, which are common in western lifestyle, have been reported to contribute to the depletion of specific bacterial taxa. Therefore, it is possible that intake of high dietary fibre may alter the environment in the gut and provide the needed substrate for microbial bloom.
The current review is a systematic review and meta-analysis which evaluated the role of dietary fibre in modulating gut microbiota dysbiosis in patients with type 2 diabetes.
This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials which relied on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework. Electronic searches were conducted using EBSCOHost with links to Health Sciences Research Databases, EMBASE and Google Scholar. The reference lists of articles were also searched for relevant studies. Searches were conducted from date of commencement of the database to 5 August 2020. The search strategy was based on the Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcomes, Studies (PICOS) framework and involved the use of synonyms and medical subject headings (MesH). Search terms were combined with Boolean operators (OR/AND).
Nine studies which met the inclusion criteria were selected for the systematic review and meta-analysis, and four distinct areas were identified: the effect of dietary fibre on gut microbiota; the role of dietary fibre on short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs); glycaemic control; and adverse events. There was significant difference (
< 0.01) in the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium with a mean difference of 0.72 (95% CI, 0.56, 0.89) between the dietary fibre group compared with placebo. In relation to the meta-analysis for SCFAs, while there was significant difference (
= 0.02) between the dietary fibre group and placebo with a standardised mean difference of 0.5 (95% CI, 0.08, 0.91) regarding total SCFAs, the differences were not significant (
> 0.05) in relation to acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid. There was only significant improvement (
= 0.002) with respect to glycated haemoglobin with a mean difference of -0.18 (95% CI, -0.29, -0.06) between the dietary fibre group and placebo group. Differences between the two groups were not significant (
> 0.05) in relation to fasting blood glucose and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Furthermore, there were no significant differences between the two groups in subjects who reported adverse events. It is possible that the promotion of SCFA producers in greater diversity and abundance by dietary fibre in this review led to improvement in glycated haemoglobin, partly due to increased glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) production. In addition, Bifidobacterium lactis has been reported to increase glycogen synthesis, decrease expression of hepatic gluconeogenesis genes, improve translocation of glucose transport-4 and promote glucose uptake. It is also possible that the reduction in body weight of participants in the intervention group compared with control may have contributed to the observed improvement in glycated haemoglobin.
This systematic review and meta-analysis have demonstrated that dietary fibre can significantly improve (
< 0.05) the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium, total SCFAs and glycated haemoglobin. However, dietary fibre did not appear to have significant effect (
> 0.05) on fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and adverse events.
Production of wheat bran (WB) for human consumption is estimated to be about 90 million tonnes per year. WB is a cheap and abundant source of dietary fibre which has been linked to improved bowel ...health and possible prevention of some diseases such as colon cancer. It also contains minerals, vitamins and bioactive compounds such as phenolic acids, arabinoxylans, alkylresorcinol and phytosterols. These compounds have been suggested as an aid in prevention of noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease. This article discusses WB extraction, its nutritional properties, potential health benefits, effects on quality and sensory properties of some cereal foods, and its application in some baked products as well as in fried cereal snacks, as an additive for oil reduction and fibre enrichment.
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•MBDF modified by cellulase with hydroxypropylation had excellent emulsion capacity.•All dual modifications enhanced MBDF’s soluble fibre content and hydration property.•MBDF-EC ...showed the highest cation-exchange capacity and NO2– adsorption capacity.•MBDF modified by cellulase with phosphate-crosslink had high Cu2+ adsorbing ability.•Three dual modifications enhanced Fe2+ chelating ability and reducing power of MBDF.
The effects of cellulase hydrolysis separately combined with hydroxypropylation, carboxymethylation and phosphate crosslinking on the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of millet bran dietary fibre (MBDF) were investigated. Compared to cellulase hydrolysis alone, these dual modifications more effectively improved the soluble fibre content, water-swelling ability, viscosity, emulsifying capacity and cation-exchange capacity of MBDF but reduced the emulsion stability, brightness and polyphenol content of MBDF (P < 0.05). MBDF modified by cellulase hydrolysis combined with hydroxypropylation showed the highest emulsifying capacity (60.03 m2/g) and oil-adsorption capacity (3.32 g/g) but the lowest nitrite ion-adsorbing ability (NIAA). MBDF modified by cellulase hydrolysis with carboxymethylation showed the highest surface hydrophobicity, cation-exchange capacity (0.352 mmol/g) and NIAA (152.89 μg/g). MBDF modified by cellulase hydrolysis combined with phosphate crosslinking exhibited excellent copper ion-adsorbing ability (19.97 mg/g) and viscosity (19.33 cp). Moreover, these dual modifications all enhanced the Fe2+ chelating ability and reducing power of MBDF (P < 0.05).
Dietary fibre in foods: a review Dhingra, Devinder; Michael, Mona; Rajput, Hradesh ...
Journal of food science and technology,
06/2012, Volume:
49, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Dietary fibre is that part of plant material in the diet which is resistant to enzymatic digestion which includes cellulose, noncellulosic polysaccharides such as hemicellulose, pectic substances, ...gums, mucilages and a non-carbohydrate component lignin. The diets rich in fibre such as cereals, nuts, fruits and vegetables have a positive effect on health since their consumption has been related to decreased incidence of several diseases. Dietary fibre can be used in various functional foods like bakery, drinks, beverages and meat products. Influence of different processing treatments (like extrusion-cooking, canning, grinding, boiling, frying) alters the physico- chemical properties of dietary fibre and improves their functionality. Dietary fibre can be determined by different methods, mainly by: enzymic gravimetric and enzymic—chemical methods. This paper presents the recent developments in the extraction, applications and functions of dietary fibre in different food products.
Oats (
Avena sativa
L.) have received considerable attention for their high content of dietary fibres, phytochemicals and nutritional value. It is believed that consumption of oats possesses various ...health benefits such as hypocholesterolaemic and anticancerous properties. Oats have also recently been considered suitable in the diet of celiac patients. Owing to their high nutritional value, oat-based food products like breads, biscuits, cookies, probiotic drinks, breakfast cereals, flakes and infant food are gaining increasing consideration. Research and development on oat and its products may be helpful in combating various diseases known to mankind. This paper provides an overview of the nutritional and health benefits provided by oats as whole grains and its value added products. It is designed to provide an insight on the processing of oats and its effect on their functional properties. The manuscript also reviews various uses of oats and its fractions for clinical and industrial purposes and in development of value added food products.
The outstanding nutritional and technological properties lead to innovative applications of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) in food products.
The aim of this contribution is to give an overview of the ...various food application approaches for chia. The nutritional and technological properties of chia as well as its technological and innovative utilization are presented. Examples for the various applications in food products are given in five main topics: baked goods, dairy products, meat and fish products, gluten-free products and other products such as functional food, hydrocolloid and thickener.
Besides the nutritional benefits of chia incorporation in food products the technological effects are emphasized very often. Summarized in five main topics, most authors conclude that chia is a valuable food ingredient for functional food development. The application of chia in baked goods for example is beneficial not only to improve the nutritional value but acting as hydrocolloid or substitute egg, fat or gluten. The increase of oil stability and applications as food thickener in novel food applications are of high importance too. As different chia fractions give various options for applications the utilization of chia for further food products will increase significantly in the future.
•Overview of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) in different applications.•Pointing out technological effects of chia in various applications.•Five big food products with promising approaches are summarized.•Nutritional and functional improvement of products with chia, such as glutenfree products, as its importance is increasing.
In recognition of their multiple benefits on environment, food security, and human health, pulses are attracting worldwide attention. The seed coat is a major by-product of pulse processing, and its ...only markets are as low value ruminant feed and very limited use in high fibre foods. Recently, accumulating studies have suggested that this underutilised by-product has greater potential as a novel natural “nutritious dietary fibre” which can be used as a functional food ingredient.
This review discusses biochemical and physicochemical functionalities of seed coats of six globally important pulses: chickpea, field pea, faba/broad bean, lentil and mung bean with a special emphasis on the emerging food pulse lupin. Food process modification and recent human food applications of the seed coats are summarized. Bio-availability of the seed coat compounds, and phomopsins contaminated lupin seed coats as a typical example of safety issue are discussed.
High levels of dietary fibre, minerals and potential health-promoting phytochemicals in the seed coats indicate their great potential to be used as a natural “nutritious dietary fibre”. However, further in-depth studies are required to improve their desirable nutritional, physiological and techno-functional properties whilst minimizing any undesirable ones.
•Greater pulses consumption is promoted worldwide, however pulse seed coats are a major under-utilised by-product.•High dietary fibre, minerals and phytochemicals in pulse seed coats indicate their great potential as a food ingredient.•Improved nutritional, physicochemical properties of pulse seed coats through processing may expand their food applications.•More studies on the seed coats processing technology, food applications and their physiological properties are needed.
Summary
To make better use of sweet potato residue (SPR), a new pretreatment method, steam explosion (SE), can increase its content of soluble dietary fibre (SDF). Response surface methodology (RSM) ...was used to determine the SE variables for optimum SDF yield. The optimal conditions were a steam pressure of 0.35 MPa, a residence time of 121 s and a sieving mesh size 60. Under the optimised conditions, the content of SDF from SPR reached 22.59 ± 0.35%, an increase of 18.78% compared with that (3.81 ± 0.62%) from untreated SPR. The water‐holding capacity, oil‐holding capacity (OHC) and swelling capacity of SDF were improved by SE. Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) images demonstrated that SDF had become poriferous, loose and dilatants after SE treatment. This technology provides an efficient process for increasing the industrial production of SDF from SPR.
Response surface methodology optimise the condition of soluble dietary fibre (SDF) extraction from sweet potato residue modified by steam explosion; after steam explosion, the cell wall had disintegrated, the texture had obviously begun to loosen, many perforations had appeared on the surface of the SDF particles, and the proportion of SDF increased from 3.81% to 22.59%.
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