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•Q(J)-branch vibration-inversion-rotation transitions of NH3 probed at 6.2 µm.•First experimental investigation of air-broadening for the probed transitions.•N2, He, Ar, and O2 ...broadening coefficients measured for the probed transitions.
In this experimental investigation, collision broadening effects on the Q(J)-branch vibration-inversion-rotation spectral lines of ammonia (NH3) within the fundamental ν4 asymmetric bending vibrational band in the 6.2 µm mid-IR region are reported. A continuous-wave external-cavity quantum cascade laser coupled with a high-sensitive cavity ring-down spectrometer was employed to selectively probe 10 transitions in high-resolution, including few inversion doublets of gaseous NH3. Pressure-broadening coefficients, γNH3-Xi (Xi = He, Ar, N2, O2, zero-air) in cm−1 atm−1, characterizing the collision interaction between NH3 and various external perturbing gases, including helium, argon, nitrogen, oxygen, and zero-air, were determined at room temperature (296 K). Mean collision times and optical collision diameters of each collision partner were explored to gain deeper insight into the perturber-induced collision dynamics. This investigation elucidates the intricate intermolecular interactions and collision phenomena induced by various foreign perturbers with NH3, with potential implications for future spectroscopic and atmospheric research of this polyatomic molecule.
Nitrogen dioxide (14NO2) exhibits a unique doublet structure due to the presence of its unpaired electron, which results in a nonzero electronic angular momentum in the ground electronic state of the ...molecule. In this study, an investigation into high-resolution rovibrational spectral features associated with the spin-rotation doublets of 14NO2 was conducted using an external-cavity quantum cascade laser (EC-QCL)-coupled cavity ring-down spectrometer operating at 6.2 μm. Four spin-split doublets belonging to the RR branch of the (001)-(000) fundamental band were probed in the mid-IR spectral region. The air broadening and self-broadening coefficients were reported explicitly for each doublet component for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. The line-intensities were also quantified, and they were compared to the HITRAN database, revealing good agreement (<4% discrepancy).
The molecular mechanism underlying asymmetric axonemal complexes in sperm flagella is still largely unknown. Here, we showed that the knockout of the coiled-coil domain-containing 176 (CCDC176) in ...mice led to male infertility due to decreased sperm motility. Ccdc176 knockout specifically destabilized microtubule doublets (MTDs) 1 and 9 during sperm maturation in the corpus epididymis. Single-sperm immunofluorescence showed that most CCDC176 was distributed along the axoneme, and further super-resolution imaging revealed that CCDC176 is asymmetrically localized in the sperm axoneme. CCDC176 could cooperate with microtubule and radial spoke proteins to stabilize MTDs 1 and 9, and its knockout results in the destabilization of some proteins in sperm flagella. Furthermore, as predicted by the sperm multibody dynamics (MBD) model, we found that MTDs 1 and 9 jutted out from the sperm flagellum annulus region in Ccdc176
spermatozoa, and these flagellar defects alter sperm flagellar beat patterns and swimming paths, potentially owing to the reduction and disequilibration of bending torque on the central pair. These results demonstrate that CCDC176 specifically stabilizes MTDs 1 and 9 in the sperm flagellum to ensure proper sperm movement for fertilization.
In article number 2100796, Duk‐Yong Choi, Sang‐Shin Lee, and co‐workers demonstrate a flat retroreflector (FRR) based on metasurface doublet in the telecommunications wavelengths. The proposed FRR ...was utilized to achieve a reliable and angle‐tolerant optical link bridging the gap between metasurface‐based devices and future integrated communication systems.
A variety of methods have been developed to demultiplex pooled samples in a single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) experiment which either require hashtag barcodes or sample genotypes prior to ...pooling. We introduce scSplit which utilizes genetic differences inferred from scRNA-seq data alone to demultiplex pooled samples. scSplit also enables mapping clusters to original samples. Using simulated, merged, and pooled multi-individual datasets, we show that scSplit prediction is highly concordant with demuxlet predictions and is highly consistent with the known truth in cell-hashing dataset. scSplit is ideally suited to samples without external genotype information and is available at: https://github.com/jon-xu/scSplit.
This study presents a general numerical modeling framework for application to doublets in heterogeneous porous geothermal reservoirs. Extension of the equivalent flow channel model for fractured ...media leads to an inverse model that combines an analytical solution of solute transport equation with differential evolution method for global optimization. When constrained by data from tracer tests, the inverse model can calculate the geometric and transport parameters pertaining to equivalent flow channels that link injection and production wells. A distinct forward model is developed based on an analytical solution for heat transport in equivalent flow channels, where the parameters calculated from the inverse model serve as inputs for predicting thermal breakthrough at production wells. A case study uses the modeling framework in combination with data from tracer tests to calculate the parameters of equivalent flow channels that link two distinct doublets at Dezhou geothermal field, Shandong, China, followed by the prediction of production well thermal breakthrough. The results show that flow channel parameter values are similar for the two doublets. A sensitivity analysis is performed to understand the roles of flow channel dimensions and flow rate in equivalent flow channels in thermal breakthrough curves at production wells.
•Equivalent flow channel model for doublets in heterogeneous reservoirs is developed.•Two tracer tests at the Dezhou geothermal field are studied by the proposed model.•Effects of channel dimensions and flow rate on production temperatures are studied.
Application of the widely used droplet-based microfluidic technologies in single-cell sequencing often yields doublets, introducing bias to downstream analyses. Especially, doublet-detection methods ...for single-cell chromatin accessibility sequencing (scCAS) data have multiple assay-specific challenges. Therefore, we propose scIBD, a self-supervised iterative-optimizing model for boosting heterotypic doublet detection in scCAS data. scIBD introduces an adaptive strategy to simulate high-confident heterotypic doublets and self-supervise for doublet-detection in an iteratively optimizing manner. Comprehensive benchmarking on various simulated and real datasets demonstrates the outperformance and robustness of scIBD. Moreover, the downstream biological analyses suggest the efficacy of doublet-removal by scIBD.
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