Citizen science and sustainability science promise the more just and democratic production of environmental knowledge and politics. In this review, we evaluate these participatory traditions within ...the context of (a) our theorization of how the valuation and devaluation of nature, knowledge, and people help to produce socio-ecological hierarchies, the uneven distribution of harms and benefits, and inequitable engagement within environmental politics, and (b) our analysis of how neoliberalism is reworking science and environmental governance. We find that citizen and sustainability science often fall short of their transformative potential because they do not directly confront the production of environmental injustice and political exclusion, including the knowledge hierarchies that shape how the environment is understood and acted upon, by whom, and for what ends. To deepen participatory practice, we propose a heterodox ethicopolitical praxis based in Gramscian, feminist, and postcolonial theory and describe how we have pursued transformative praxis in southern Appalachia through the Coweeta Listening Project.
We conducted a national survey of department Chairs to investigate whether departments of economics changed course requirements for bachelors degrees since the Siegfried and Bidani (1992) paper using ...1980 data. There have been few changes to course requirements. Most notable are a large increase in the number of departments requiring econometrics and a drop in departments requiring courses such as money, banking and economic history--courses once required in many business schools. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
This study examines the contemporary development of gated communities in Israel, linking the phenomenon to global trends in privatisation, associated with the rise of neo-liberal landscapes. It is ...argued that assertions on weakening state intervention and strengthening influence of the market, oversimplify the complex interplay of private developers, public planning institutions and third-sector organisations. Neo-liberal urban governance does not imply the demise of regulation, but rather its changing nature. Although public awareness of gated communities was late to develop in Israel, in part because earlier forms of gating blurred its development, evidence reveals that social and environmental third-sector organisations are important new stakeholders involved in the production of gated spaces through their impact on public policy, balancing the 'disciplining' impact of market organisations.
The following presents parts of an interview conducted with Maurizio Lazzarato discussing his 2012 book, The Making of the Indebted Man. In this interview, Lazzarato first elaborates on his ...theoretical inspirations. Drawing on the work of Deleuze and Guattari in order to connect Nietzsche and Marx, he develops a theory of debt suggesting that the power of credit, central to neoliberalism, requires the construction of an indebted subjectivity. Producing a responsible, guilty and thus hindered subject, this condition involves individuals and societies facing an infinite social debt. According to Lazzarato, post-Fordism should be understood through the ascending influence of neoliberalism, as the state has retroceded its power of money creation to private creditors. Through this process, the relation between capital and labour has been transcended by the creditor—debtor relationship. In the economy of indebtedness, the welfare state is transformed into an inverted Keynesian redistribution system that allows for wealth transfers from non-owners towards owners.
In disengaging from the Gaza Strip in 2005, Israel did not end the occupation but technologized it through purportedly “frictionless” hightechnology mechanisms. The telecommunications sector was ...turned over to the Palestinian Authority under Oslo II and subcontracted to Palestine Telecommunications Company (PALTEL), furthering a neoliberal economic agenda that privately “enclosed” digital space. Coming on top of Israel's ongoing limitations on Palestinian land-lines, cellular, and Internet infrastructures, the result is a “digital occupation” of Gaza characterized by increasing privatization, surveillance, and control. While deepening Palestinian economic reliance on Israel and making Palestinian high-tech firms into dependent agents, digital occupation also enhances Israel's territorial containment of the Strip.
Energy developments in the post-Communist states of Eastern and Central Europe (ECE) have a major impact on global energy security and sustainability, thanks to this region's key geographical ...position between the energy-exporting states of the former Soviet Union, on the one hand, and the energy-importing states of Western and Southern Europe, on the other. At the same time, post-socialist reforms of energy industries in this region provide unique insights into the complex relations of power, economic transformation and spatial inequality that govern energy production and consumption. This paper therefore aims to provide an initial look at some of the theoretical and policy issues that underpin the emergent 'geographies' of energy reform in ECE, as well as their embeddedness in relations of power stemming from organisational, infrastructural and economic inequalities in the region. It employs an analysis of local news reports, policy papers and statistical data to examine the intricate institutional networks and spatial formations that have governed the energy transformation process. In broader terms, the paper aims to emphasise the important role that human geography can play in making sense of the territorial differences and frictions that have emerged during the post-socialist reform process, while challenging the idea of a 'neat' neoliberal transition from a centrally planned to a market-based mode of energy regulation.
This introduction provides an introduction to current innovative theoretical and empirical research on social reproduction. While the work showcased herein is by scholars from Europe and North ...America (reflecting a western bias), the diversity in the empirical cases goes some way to overcoming the focus on North American countries. The contributions vary from transnational accounts of social reproduction to the study of changes in social reproduction in the countries of the global south. The collection also offers contrasts in research on the macroeconomic level with research on the microeconomic level in order to allow for an understanding of people's experiences of changes in patterns of social reproduction.
The tragedy and suffering in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina is symptomatic of a crisis in the United States that extends far beyond matters of governance and the incompetence of the Bush ...administration. Rather than simply represent a crisis of leadership, Katrina is analysed as part of a biopolitics of disposability-in which entire populations marginalized by race and class are now considered redundant, an unnecessary burden on state coffers and consigned to fend for themselves. This new biopolitics is marked by deeply existential and material questions regarding who is going to die and who is going to live, and represents an insidious set of forces that have given up on the sanctity of human life for those populations rendered "at risk" by global neoliberal economies, and as Katrina makes clear works in diverse ways to render some groups as disposable and privileges others. Giroux argues that to confront the biopolitics of disposability, of which the political disaster of Katrina offers an exemplary case, we need to recognize the new confluence of anti-democratic forces that are now shaping American society. But more is needed than understanding and critique, such dark times also demand a new understanding of a cultural politics in which pedagogy becomes central to a renewed struggle for a politics in which the crisis of meaning, agency, and resistance can be addressed through a language of critique and possibility in order to create the conditions for multiple collective and global struggles that refuse to use politics as an act of war and markets as the measure of democracy. Making human beings superfluous is the essence of slavery, colonialism, and totalitarianism, and the ongoing struggle for an inclusive and substantive global democracy is the antidote in urgent need of being reclaimed. Katrina should keep the hope of such a struggle alive for quite some time because for many of us the images of those floating bodies serve as an desperate reminder of what it means when justice and politics, as the lifeblood of democracy, become cold and indifferent in the face human suffering and death.
The big agrarian crisis of the 1870s and 1880s hit the Spanish primary sector, unable to compete with overseas production. The slump triggered discussions among Spanish economists and other ...intellectuals on its causes and potential effects, on the measures of economic policy that the government should adopt to face it, and on the validity of radical liberal tenets which had inspired the economic policy and dominated the panorama of economic thought in Spain until that moment. The crisis became a global topic for discussion, permeating the Spanish public opinion; debates were held in a vast range of institutions (journals, economic and cultural associations, public conferences, the Pariiament, etc.). Through an analysis of some of these debates, this paper shows how the economic crisis not only prompted outstanding intertwining controversies on many issues, but also acted as an agent of change in policies and ideas. It significantly contributed to a shift in economic policies, replacing free trade policies established since 1868 with protectionist policies to preserve domestic markets, but also to the definitive decline of doctrinal economic liberalism in Spain and the emergence of an alternative pragmatic liberalism, which accepted some sort of government intervention allegedly to protect social and national interests. La crise agraire des décennies 1870 et 1880 ont frappé un secteur primaire espagnol incapable de soutenir la concurrence internationale sur les marchés agricoles. La récession, vite devenue générale, a déclenché plusieurs controverses parmi les économistes et d'autres intellectuels espagnols quant à ses causes et effets potentiels, quant aux mesures qu'il fallait adopter afin d'y faire face, mais aussi quant à la validité des principes libéraux radicaux qui avaient jusqu'alors inspiré la politique économique et dominé le panorama de la pensée économique espagnole. La crise est devenue un sujet de discussion majeur, préoccupant fortement l'opinion publique. Des discussions se sont tenues dans une grande diversité d'institutions : journaux, associations économiques et intellectuelles, conférences publiques, Parlement, etc. À travers l'analyse de plusieurs de ces débats, cet article cherche à montrer comment le déclin économique de la fin du XIXe siècle n'a pas seulement été un objet de préoccupation pour les économistes contemporains, mais a aussi été un vecteur fondamental de changement des politiques et des idées économiques en Espagne. Il a été un facteur déterminant dans l'apparition d'un nouveau positionnement de la politique économique, ayant contribué à remplacer les politiques de libre-échange en vigueur depuis 1868 par des politiques protectionnistes ; il a aussi permis d'expliquer la décadence du libéralisme doctrinaire et le surgissement d'un libéralisme pragmatique alternatif, qui acceptait une certaine intervention gouvernementale au nom de la protection des intérêts nationaux.
The struggles to define and implement an inclusive non-racial urbanism in South Africa after democratisation in 1994 occurred during the heyday of world-wide diffusion of unevenly developed ...neoliberalisation processes. This case study of the complexities of transforming Cape Town's energy sector analyses the consequences of these contradictory trajectories by tracking the dynamics of four urbanism typologies: inclusive, splintered, green and slum urbanism. It is argued that, while the imperatives of deracialisation reinforced inclusive trends, neoliberalisation processes reinforced splintered urbanism and its consequences, namely slum urbanism. These dynamics were then overdetermined by environmental changes that have introduced green urbanism as a new arena of contestation.
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