U radu je istražen postupak izbora ravnatelja (u razdoblju od 150 godina) u obaveznom školstvu Hrvatske između uvođenja školske obveznosti i suvremenosti. U razdoblju ove analize Hrvatska se nalazila ...u različitim državno-političkim asocijacijama i društvenim uređenjima. Osnovni cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati načine i pristupe izbora školskih ravnatelja u svim državnim asocijacijama i društvenim uređenjima kroz izbor školskih ravnatelja koji se kretao između stručnosti i podobnosti. To je istraženo kroz sastav organa upravljanja, propisanih uvjeta i izborne procedure. Istraživanje je obavljeno analizom 31 školskog zakona izmjena i dopuna) koji imaju karakter primarnih izvora. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da se izbor ravnatelja u kontinuitetu kretao unutar stručnosti i podobnosti s ponešto diferenciranim otklonima. U izborima ravnatelja postoji velika razlika između javne percepcije koja se često temelji na pojedinačnim slučajevima, medijskoj eksponiranosti i zakonskoj regulativi. To bi se moglo ukloniti/ublažiti profesionalizacijom ravnateljske službe. Dosadašnji pokušaji su tek djelomično praktično operacionalizirani.
The paper investigates the procedure of electing principals (over the period of 150 years) in compulsory education in Croatia from the introduction of school obligation to modern times. In the period of this analysis, Croatia was in various state-political associations and social systems. The main goal of the research was to examine the ways and approaches of electing school principals in all state associations and social organisations through the selection of school principals, which ranged between expertise and eligibility. This was researched through the system of the governing body, prescribed conditions and election procedures. The research was performed by analysing 31 school acts (amendments) that have the character of primary sources. The research results show that the choice of principal continuously ranged within expertise and eligibility with somewhat differentiated deviations. In the election of principals, there has been a big difference between public perception, which is often based on individual cases, media exposure and legislation. This could be removed/mitigated by professionalising the principal’s position. The attempts so far have only been partially operationalised.
Domeniul sensibil al răspunderii disciplinare a judecătorilor invocă proceduri și arhitecturi juridice bine reglementate cu referință la Colegiul disciplinar. Implicarea reprezentanților societății ...civile – membri profesori de drept, titulari, în structura și activitățile Colegiului disciplinar a devenit o cerință inalienabilă a unui regim democratic contemporan. Formarea și activitatea unei entități decizionale de domeniu sunt caracterizate printr-o simbioză a profesionalismului, a transparenței și a conștiinței civice a profesorilor de drept, titulari, și a profesionalismului, a independenței și a responsabilității judecătorilor – membri ai acestui Colegiu. Atât structura Colegiului disciplinar, cât și procedurile elaborate, asigură o examinare complexă și obiectivă a cauzelor de competență – cu respectarea independenței judecătorului și concomitent acordându-le un caracter public și transparent, valorificând astfel implicarea covietății civile în procesul de autoadministrare a justiției. THE INVOLVEMENT OF THE CIVIL SOCIETY IN THE EXAMINATION OF DISCIPLINARY PROCEEDINGS REGARDING JUDGESThe sensitive area of disciplinary liability of judges demands well-regulated legal procedures and architectures with reference to the Disciplinary Board. The involvement of civil society representatives – university professors of law, full members – in the composition and in the activity of the aforementioned Board has become an inherent exigency of the contemporary democratic regime. The creation and the activity of a decisional entity in the concerned area is characterised through a symbiosis of professionalism, transparency and the civic conscience of law professors on the one hand and the professionalism, the independence and the responsibility of judges – members of the Disciplinary Board, on the other hand. Both the structure of the Disciplinary Board and the elaborated procedures ensure a complex and objective examination of the cases – respecting the independence of the judges, at the same time offering a public and transparent character to the proceedings, thus highlighting the involvement of the civil society in the process of self-administration of justice.
A LEADER-ELECTION PROCEDURE USING RECORDS Alsmeyer, Gerold; Kabluchko, Zakhar; Marynych, Alexander
The Annals of probability,
11/2017, Volume:
45, Issue:
6B
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Motivated by the open problem of finding the asymptotic distributional behavior of the number of collisions in a Poisson–Dirichlet coalescent, the following version of a stochastic leader-election ...algorithm is studied. Consider an infinite family of persons, labeled by 1, 2, 3,..., who generate i.i.d. random numbers from an arbitrary continuous distribution. Those persons who have generated a record value, that is, a value larger than the values of all previous persons, stay in the game, all others must leave. The remaining persons are relabeled by 1, 2, 3,... maintaining their order in the first round, and the election procedure is repeated independently from the past and indefinitely. We prove limit theorems for a number of relevant functionals for this procedure, notably the number of rounds T(M) until all persons among 1,..., M, except the first one, have left (as M → ∞). For example, we show that the sequence (T(M) – log* M)M∈ℕ, where log* denotes the iterated logarithm, is tight, and study its weak subsequential limits. We further provide an appropriate and apparently new kind of normalization (based on tetrations) such that the original labels of persons who stay in the game until round n converge (as n → ∞) to some random non-Poissonian point process and study its properties. The results are applied to describe all subsequential distributional limits for the number of collisions in the Poisson–Dirichlet coalescent, thus providing a complete answer to the open problem mentioned above.
In order to further strengthen the construction and improvement of villager autonomy system with democratic election,democratic decision making,democratic management,and democratic supervision of ...rural two committees with Chinese characteristics,experience of work team of Longyang District Agricultural Technology Extension Station dispatched to villager committees( or offices) and their guidance on election of rural two committees in 2007-2016 were used,and exploration was made for election of rural two committees from the third to the sixth committees. It summarized achievements and main problems in election of rural two committees and came up with pertinent recommendations.The results of this study are expected to provide certain reference for theory and practice of future villager autonomy.
What could be easier than interpreting an election? You just count to determine which candidate receives the most votes. What can be difficult about something so elementary? After all, even nursery ...school children know how to vote to select their juice of choice before nap time.
Digital copy: Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Cultura y Turismo, 2016
Copia digital : Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Cultura y Turismo, 2016
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