The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has dramatically changed our habits and routines. Uncertainty, insecurity, instability for the present and future, and reduced autonomy and ...self-directedness, are common feelings at the time of COVID-19. These aspects are very important during emerging adulthood. In spite of the fact that medical reports suggest that youth are less prone to experience COVID-19 infections, emerging adults might be at higher risk for their psychological adjustment. Emerging adults showed higher concerns about their role as a possible asymptomatic carrier than being positive with COVID-19 themselves. Both worries and concerns about COVID-19 and psychological maladjustment may be related to cultural factors. Individualism, collectivism, equality, and hierarchy seem to be meaningful perspectives to take into account. A total of 1183 Italian emerging adults were asked to fill out an online survey during the second week of the national lockdown in Italy. Results showed they reported an accurate perceived knowledge about COVID-19. At the same time, they showed higher worries and concerns about COVID-19 for their relatives, followed by more general/social worries. The lowest score included worries about COVID-19 related to themselves. State anxiety and stress levels were above the normal cutoff, confirming the challenges that emerging adults are facing during the pandemic. On one hand, emerging adults' collectivistic orientation was related to higher perceived risks of infection; on the other hand, it predicted lower psychological maladjustment, controlling for socio-demographic variables. The study suggests that to fight the COVID-19 pandemic and decrease levels of psychological maladjustment in emerging adulthood, individuals' cultural orientation such as the wish of sharing common goals with others, interdependence, and sociability, have to be emphasized and promoted as protective factors.
Intuitive eating (IE) emphasizes relying on hunger and satiety cues to guide eating, and is associated with positive mental health and health-promoting behaviors. Although parents' own eating ...patterns often shape those of their children, no known research has explored familial associations of IE. The purpose of this cross-sectional, population-based study was to examine IE concordance between emerging adults and their parents, and whether concordance differed across sociodemographic characteristics and weight perceptions. The analytic sample included 891 emerging adults (M age = 22.0) and their primary parent (M age = 50.4) who participated in the population-based, longitudinal EAT and F-EAT 2010–2018 studies. Parents and emerging adults were grouped into dyads based on IE concordance: (1) neither are intuitive eaters; (2) only the emerging adult is an intuitive eater; (3) only the parent is an intuitive eater; (4) both are intuitive eaters. Dyads differed across socioeconomic status (SES), race/ethnicity, and weight perceptions. Concordant dyads who ate intuitively were more likely to be at higher SES and perceive their weight as “about right” than concordant dyads who did not eat intuitively. Asian emerging adults were most likely to belong to concordant non-intuitive eater dyads. Emerging adults who shared their parent's perception their weight was “overweight” were less likely to be intuitive eaters (even if their parents were). In this sample, sociodemographic characteristics and weight perceptions were related to IE concordance among emerging adults and their parents. Lower SES might be an intergenerational barrier to IE disproportionately impacting communities of color, though longitudinal data are needed. Results also suggest rather than motivating healthful eating, perceiving one's weight as “overweight” could hinder IE. Differences across sociodemographic variables likely intersect in meaningful ways, which is an important future research direction.
Before people seek support for an issue, they must choose whom in their support network to approach. Two prominent supporter-selection hypotheses are the attachment figure hypothesis and the strong ...ties hypothesis, housed in psychology and sociology, respectively. People are expected to have a special preference for attachment figures and also for strong ties and to seek them more frequently than others. Despite the widespread acceptance of these hypotheses, neither has ever been tested, we argue, with the most appropriate methods for their claims. Moreover, no one has ever tested whether the 2 theories might not be independent, that is, whether one might subsume the other. To properly test the theories, one requires intranetwork, enacted support-seeking data, and the theories must be modeled not just separately but also simultaneously. The present article reports 3 such studies. In Studies 1 and 3, a sample of adults reported their supporter-selection decisions for a single stressful event, and in Study 2, a sample of emerging adults reported their supporter-selection decisions for a period of 2 weeks. Evidence showed that each theory uniquely predicted supporter-selection decisions. For each theory the data revealed both expected and unexpected findings. Attachment figures were selectively sought for support, but this preference did not get stronger as issues became more severe. Stronger ties were selected more often than weaker ties; however, the strong tie effect emerged as 2 independent effects rather than one (closeness and interaction frequency). Taken together, the studies supported both theories, but also suggest the need for further theoretical development.
Individuals in emerging adulthood are prone to experience social anxiety, especially in social media, as they are prone to receive responses, criticism, or judgment from others or themselves when ...sharing content related to themselves. This study aims to determine the relationship between mindfulness and patience with social anxiety in social media in emerging adulthood. This study used a quantitative approach, namely multivariable correlation with the relationship model of three variables analyzed using regression analysis. 542 participants in emerging adulthood who are active social media users were involved in this study. Data were collected using the Social Anxiety Scales for Social Media Users (SAS-SMU), Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), and the Patience Scale. The results of the study showed that mindfulness and patience had a significant effect on social anxiety in social media. Besides, each independent variable significantly reduces social anxiety in social media. Then, mindfulness plays a stronger role in overcoming social anxiety in social media. The implications of this research show that mindfulness and patience can reduce social anxiety on social media. It is necessary to apply mindfulness in daily life to reduce social anxiety in social media in emerging adulthood.
•The ego identity status model and the narrative identity are two dominant approaches to research identity development.•This study integrated both approaches and aimed at understanding their ...interplay.•Results indicate that narrative identity contributes to identity status rather than vice versa.
Successful resolution of identity is fundamental for a good life. According to the ego identity status model, emerging adults explore and commit to various identity domains. Concurrently, emerging adults are theorized to develop their narrative identity. Yet, it is unclear whether ego identity processes help to establish a narrative identity, or if the development of a narrative identity facilitates ego identity achievement. Therefore, we assessed autobiographical meaning making in repeated narratives and identity status processes of 180 emerging adults (Mage = 20.47, SDage = 3.35, 68.90 % female) at two measurements 8-months apart. Results showed differential effects on identity depending on the meaning made and suggest that narrative identity provides the ground for identity status processes such as identity exploration.
Abstract
The vast majority of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) in high-income countries survive into adulthood. Further, paediatric cardiac services have expanded in middle-income ...countries. Both evolutions have resulted in an increasing number of CHD survivors. Expert care across the life span is necessitated. In adolescence, patients transition from being a dependent child to an independent adult. They are also advised to transfer from paediatrics to adult care. There is no universal consensus regarding how transitional care should be provided and how the transfer should be organized. This is even more challenging in countries with low resources. This consensus document describes issues and practices of transition and transfer of adolescents with CHD, accounting for different possibilities in high-, middle-, and low-income countries. Transitional care ought to be provided to all adolescents with CHD, taking into consideration the available resources. When reaching adulthood, patients ought to be transferred to adult care facilities/providers capable of managing their needs, and systems have to be in place to make sure that continuity of high-quality care is ensured after leaving paediatric cardiology.
Graphical Abstract
Transfer and transition in congenital heart disease.
Previous research indicates that parental monitoring protects adolescents from delinquency. While, emerging adults spend increasing amounts of time outside the family setting, they often remain in or ...return to reside in the parental home, possibly prolonging the period of parental monitoring. We examine whether parental monitoring, differentiating between child disclosure, parental solicitation, and parental control, is a protective factor for delinquency for emerging adults. We also examine whether monitoring occurs in educational settings, by the partner or in employment settings, and whether this monitoring is associated with delinquency. We use data from a longitudinal survey of 970 Dutch emerging adults (18-24 years), to examine monitoring, using instruments based on Stattin and Kerr's parental monitoring scale. Results indicate that parental monitoring is not associated with delinquency in emerging adulthood. Furthermore, we find no evidence of the protective role of monitoring in educational settings, by the partner or in employment settings. However, the negative relationship between monitoring of the self, self-control, delinquency during emerging adulthood increases in strength.
•Depression and making positive sense of adversity tend to decrease over the study period.•More childhood maltreatment relates to lower initial level and relatively slower decrease of Making positive ...sense of adversity.•Childhood maltreatment impact emerging adults’ depression trajectory through making positive of adversity.
Childhood maltreatment is known to be associated with depression in emerging adulthood, but the understanding of the underlying mechanisms is incomplete. In this 4-wave longitudinal study, we explored the developmental trajectory of depression and making positive sense of adversity (MPSA), and the longitudinal mediating role of MPSA on the effects of childhood maltreatment on emerging adulthood depression based on the Stress Process Model. Participants were 675 Chinese college students (63.9 % female, Mage = 19.53 years) who were followed over one and a half years. Tests of unconditional and multivariate latent growth models indicated that MPSA and depression tend to decrease over the study period; childhood maltreatment indirectly influenced the trajectory of depression by mediating MPSA rather than directly affecting emerging adults’ depression. The initial value of MPSA fully mediated the relationship between initial values of childhood maltreatment and depression, while the mediating effect of the rate of change of MPSA was also significant, so the longitudinal mediation effects of MPSA are verified. These findings provide certain theoretical implications and potential applied value in designing interventions to promote positive adaptation for maltreated emerging adults.
The time between adolescence and adulthood is a transformative period of development. During these years, youth are exploring work, relationships, and worldviews while gaining the capacities needed ...to take on adult roles. These social and psychological processes are reflected in how personality develops across this period. Most youth personality development research has focused on the Big Five domains, ignoring the hierarchical structure of personality and missing broader, higher order processes and more specific, lower order processes. Toward a more comprehensive account, this study examines how personality develops from adolescence into the early years of adulthood at the metatrait (stability, plasticity), domain (Big Five), and facet levels. Data come from a longitudinal study of Mexican-origin youth (
= 645) with few socioeconomic resources who were assessed 5 times from Ages 14 to 23. We used latent growth curve models to investigate mean-level change, rank-order consistency, and the maintenance of trajectories for self-reported personality metatraits, domains, and facets. We found distinct developmental processes unfolding at each level of the hierarchy, including (a) mean-level changes in the metatraits and domains indicating increases in exploratory tendencies (i.e., plasticity) and maturity (i.e., increases in agreeableness and conscientiousness, decreases in neuroticism), and divergent change patterns between facets within each domain indicating nuanced maturational processes; (b) comparable levels of rank-order consistency for metatraits, domains, and facets; and (c) evidence that deviations from youth's developmental trajectories did not persist over time. Our findings offer insights into personality development that would be impossible to glean from the domain-level alone and adds needed sociocultural diversity to the literature. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Casual sexual relationships and experiences (CSREs) such as hookups, one-night stands, friends with benefits relationships, and booty calls have received increasing attention in the past decade. This ...review examines the role of CSREs during emerging adulthood, as well as similarities and differences among the different types of CSREs. Furthermore, we examine the predictors and positive and negative consequences of engaging in CSREs. While research in the area of CSREs has provided important information about the development and course of these relationships/experiences, future research should focus on exploring these relationships/experiences using an integrated theoretical perspective and longitudinal methods, in diverse, noncollege samples.
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