After more than 100 years of existence, Norway’s
Great Norwegian
Encyclopedia
went through a major crisis between 2010 and 2014, as the
transformation to the new, digital reality became commercially ...unviable to the
publishing house that owned it. The country’s universities came together,
formed The Great Norwegian Encyclopedia Association, and created a new
editorial team, which has transformed the encyclopedia into an online success
with high-quality articles assessed and updated by some of Norway’s leading
scholars. The partnership with academia, a purpose-made publishing software, a
decentralized production model, and confidence in the original brand have been
keys to building this public service encyclopedia that other, likeminded
institutions across Europe can learn from.
Nakon više od 100 godina postojanja,
Velika norveška enciklopedija
doživjela
je veliku krizu u razdoblju od 2010. do 2014. jer je tranzicija u novu,
digitalnu stvarnost postala komercijalno neodrživom za njezina izdavača. Stoga
je zajedničkom inicijativom norveških sveučilišta osnovano udruženje Great
Norwegian Encyclopedia Association te novo uredništvo. Ono je preobrazilo
enciklopediju u uspješno online izdanje s ažuriranim, visokokvalitetnim
člancima koje su razmotrili i ažurirali vodeći norveški znanstvenici.
Partnerstvo s akademskom zajednicom, namjenski softver, decentralizirani model
proizvodnje i pozitivna reputacija izvornoga izdanja pokazali su se ključnima
za izgradnju ove opće enciklopedije, čije bi iskustvo moglo biti od velike
koristi za institucije sličnih namjera diljem Europe.
The aim of this article is to present the Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine (Ukrainian: Entsyklopediia Suchasnoi Ukrainy) as one of the priority Ukrainian academic scholarly publications in the context ...of the ongoing Russian war against Ukraine, and to outline the editorial team’s priorities in responding to the new challenges of the time. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism and consistency. General scholarly methods were used, including analysis, synthesis, description, and generalisation. The authors report on the peculiarities of preparing the paper volumes of the Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine, emphasise the importance and necessity of producing a complete set of EMU volumes for the cultural development of the state and building the state’s information ecosystem. At the same time, they draw attention to the fact that paper encyclopedia publishing needs more funding than it currently has (in recent years, the shortage of funding has been compensated by reducing the quality of printing and the circulation of edition volumes). The article also covers the encyclopedia’s digital counterpart (EMU website as an online encyclopedia). In particular, it was found that the indicators of the online encyclopedia visits and pageviews are increasing every year. Moreover, in a turbulent 2022 of full-scale war, the website traffic was the highest ever. The language specificity of the online encyclopedia’s visitors is in the focus of the authors as well. The authors state that the war negatively impacts various spheres of life in Ukraine including academic encyclopedistics and suggest that the editorial and publishing process relating to the Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine should be revised. It is concluded that it is economically expedient to focus on the EMU’s online version during the war. Along with this, there is a possibility of a complete blackout of Ukraine, which could be caused by Russian airstrikes on the country’s critical infrastructure. In such a situation, the editorial team’s planned direction for the next year(s) of activity regarding online encyclopedia development unfortunately seems problematic as well.
Cilj je ovoga rada predstaviti Enciklopediju suvremene Ukrajine (ESU; ukr.: Entsyklopediia Suchasnoi Ukrainy) kao jedno od važnih ukrajinskih znanstvenih izdanja u kontekstu rata koji Rusija trenutačno vodi protiv Ukrajine te zacrtati prioritete uredništva u odgovaranju na nove izazove vremena. Metodologija istraživanja zasnovana je na načelima historicizma i dosljednosti. Upotrijebljene su opće znanstvene metode, uključujući analizu, sintezu, deskripciju i generalizaciju. Autori izvješćuju o osobitostima u pripremanju tiskanih svezaka Enciklopedije suvremene Ukrajine, ističu važnosti i potrebu produciranja čitavoga niza svezaka ESU za kulturni razvoj države i izgradnju državnog informacijskog ekosustava. Istovremeno skreću pozornost na činjenicu da izdavanje tiskanih enciklopedija zahtijeva više sredstava nego je trenutačno predviđeno za tu svrhu (posljednjih se godina nedostatak sredstava nadoknađivao smanjenjem kvalitete tiska i naklade svezaka izdanja). U članku je usto riječ o digitalnoj inačici enciklopedije (mrežna stranica ESU kao online enciklopedija). Otkriveno je da pokazatelji mrežne enciklopedije, poput posjeta i pregleda stranica, rastu iz godine u godinu. Štoviše, obujam prometa u turbulentnoj ratnoj 2022. bio je najveći dosad. Autori se usredotočuju i na jezične specifičnosti korisnika mrežne enciklopedije. Autori pokazuju kako rat negativno utječe razne sfere života u Ukrajini, uključujući znanstvenu enciklopedistiku i predlažu izmjenu procesa uređivanja i izdavanja ESU. Zaključuju da je tijekom rata ekonomski poželjno usredotočiti se na mrežnu inačicu ESU. Usto postoji mogućnost potpunoga pomračenja Ukrajine prouzrokovanoga ruskim zračnim napadima na kritičnu infrastrukturu u državi. Nažalost, u takvom bi slučaju i plan rada uredništva za iduću godinu (ili godine) u vezi mrežne enciklopedije bio doveden u pitanje.
Forests are an important guardian of natural living conditions, a source of economic value and raw materials for the wood industry and many other industries. Forestry is a complex activity that ...contains biological, ecological, technical, and economic components, and that deserves to be treated encyclopedically. Although a few countries started publishing a special forestry encyclopedia at that time, the extensive work of the Institute of Lexicography (at first the Institute of Lexicography of the Federal People’s Republic of Yugoslavia; since 1991 The Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography) covered forestry very soon after its foundation, and published the originally designed The Encyclopedia of Forestry (vols 1–2 of the 1st edition, 1959–63, and vols 1–3 of the 2nd edition, 1980–87; chief editors Aleksandar Ugrenović and Zvonimir Potočić), which may be considered an encyclopedic rarity. The working methodology included, first of all, (1) finding, selecting, and organising scientific information from primary sources. The archive service of the Department of Human Resources and Legal Affairs of the Institute performs the tasks of keeping archival material, and the necessary material on The Encyclopedia of Forestry was available, extensive, and very diverse. In this paper, it is shown that the stored records of the creation of The Encyclopedia of Forestry thus represent carefully recorded testimonies in the form of correspondence, notes from meetings, preserved original articles, etc. The methodology further included (2) the analysis of archival material and the study and analysis of The Encyclopedia of Forestry itself (both editions) as well as scientific papers from other sources, especially scientific journals. Considering the aim of the work, which in this paper was twofold, the results include a review of professional editors and authors of articles and illustrations in The Encyclopaedia of Forestry (1), after which the content and structure of both editions of The Encyclopedia of Forestry are analysed and evaluated (2). The results of the analysis show that the first edition of The Encyclopedia of Forestry corresponded in its content to the moment in which it was created, to the then needs of forestry and wood industry technology and professional personnel. In the following two decades, unexpectedly great progress was achieved in a number of professional disciplines that enter the field of interest of forestry and the wood industry. The second edition of The Encyclopedia of Forestry tried to meet the expectations of experts and the public that arose from the needs of this new era. It was to serve as both a textbook and a manual. Thus, the reader received a complete and comprehensive picture of certain contents. The Encyclopedia of Forestry, which was published by the Institute of Lexicography, managed to concisely present fundamental knowledge about forestry to all who were interested, but it also facilitated the making of professional decisions when solving theoretical and practical issues in forestry.
The Bulgarian Encyclopedia Scientific Information Centre is a constituent part of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, responsible for the compilation and publication of encyclopedias and encyclopedic ...reference books. Its work follows the tradition of encyclopedic knowledge in Bulgarian culture dating back to medieval collections from the court of Tsar Simeon I in the 9th to 10th centuries. Encyclopedic content is also contained in the first Bulgarian schoolbook, published in 1824, and in the growing interest in reference publications before and after the liberation of Bulgaria from the Ottoman Empire in 1878. The first Bulgarian general encyclopedia, the Encyclopedic Dictionary, was published in 1899–1907, followed by the popular Bulgarian Encyclopedia A-Ya in 1936. A specialised unit for the preparation of encyclopedias and encyclopedic reference literature was established at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences in 1955 under the name Bulgarian Encyclopedia, and was renamed the Bulgarian Encyclopaedia Scientific Information Centre in 2003. The Centre’s mission is to disseminate scientific knowledge widely and in an accessible form. The Centre’s main activities include the compilation and preparation of general one-volume and multi-volume encyclopedias, the development of methodological guidelines and technologies for new publications, the preparation of thematic vocabularies of the articles and illustrations of the editions, and editorial and compiling work. The publications of the Bulgarian Encyclopedia Scientific Information Centre are of a high academic level, and the editorial and compilation work is carried out by experienced scientific encyclopedic editors, which guarantees the high professional standards of the publications. Multiple editions of the Bulgarian Encyclopedia have been published, covering a wide range of topics such as history, science, culture, and more. The Centre has also published thematic encyclopedias and electronic versions of its work, and collaborates with various organisations and publishers to continue its responsible activity of national importance
Znanstvenoinformatički centar »Bugarska enciklopedija« sastavni je dio Bugarske akademije znanosti i odgovoran je za kompiliranje i izdavanje enciklopedija i enciklopedijskih referentnih djela. Njegov rad slijedi tradiciju enciklopedijskoga znanja u bugarskoj kulturi, početci kojega sežu do srednjovjekovnih zbirki s dvora cara Simeona I. u IX. i X. stoljeću. Enciklopedijski sadržaj nalazimo i u prvom bugarskom školskom udžbeniku, izdanom 1824., kao i u rastućem zanimanju za priručnike i referentna izdanja prije i nakon oslobođenja Bugarske od osmanske vlasti 1878. Prva bugarska opća enciklopedija, Enciklopedijski rječnik, izdana je 1899–1907., a iduća je bila popularna Bugarska enciklopedija A-Ya, izdana 1936. Specijalizirana jedinica za enciklopedije i enciklopedijska referentna djela osnovana je pri Bugarskoj akademiji znanosti 1955. pod imenom »Bugarska enciklopedija«, a 2003. preimenovana je u Znanstvenoinformatički centar »Bugarska enciklopedija«. Cilj Centra je širenje znanstvenih spoznaja u široj javnosti i u pristupačnom obliku. Glavne aktivnosti Centra obuhvaćaju kompilaciju i pripremu općih jedno- i višesveščanih enciklopedija, razvoj metodoloških smjernica i tehnologija za nove publikacije, pripremanje tematskih vokabulara članaka i ilustracija za izdanja te uredničke i kompilacijske poslove. Izdanja Znanstvenoinformatičkoga centra »Bugarska enciklopedija« visoke su akademske razine, a uredničke i kompilacijske poslove obavljaju iskusni urednici znanstvenih enciklopedijskih djela, što izdanjima jamči visoke profesionalne standarde. Izdano je više izdanja Bugarske enciklopedije, koja pokriva širok spektar tema, uključujući povijest, znanost, kulturu itd. Centar je usto izdao tematske enciklopedije i elektroničke inačice svojih radova, te surađuje s raznim organizacijama i izdavačima kako bi nastavio svoj odgovorni zadatak, koji je od nacionalne važnosti
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•A total of 1146 non-volatile compounds were identified in Huangjiu.•A total of 997 compounds were identified in Huangjiu for the first time.•Seventy-eight active pharmaceutical ...ingredients against 389 diseases were found.•Huangjiu from different regions differ in metabolite composition.•Seven metabolic pathways and seventy-seven biomarkers were identified.
Huangjiu is a traditional Chinese alcoholic beverage, whose non-volatile chemical profile remains unclarified. Here, the non-volatile compounds of Huangjiu were first identified using a widely targeted metabolomics analysis. In total, 1146 compounds were identified, 997 of them were identified in Huangjiu for the first time. Moreover, 113 compounds were identified as key active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicines and 78 components were found as active pharmaceutical ingredients against 389 diseases. In addition, the comparative analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis revealed that Huangjiu from different regions differ in metabolite composition. Cofactor and amino acid biosynthesis and ABC transport were the dominant metabolic pathways. Furthermore, 7 metabolic pathways and 77 metabolic pathway regulatory markers were further found to be related with the different characteristics of different Huangjius. This study provides a theoretical and material basis for the quality control, health efficacy, and industrial development of Huangjiu.
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