International entrepreneurship research maintains that firms with strong entrepreneurial orientations expand to international markets to enhance performance. Yet these firms can suffer from resource ...constraints as they move abroad. To alleviate this problem, previous research has suggested participation in strategic alliances. We developed and tested a theoretical perspective that merged these ideas, maintaining that firm–level entrepreneurial orientation is associated with higher international performance both directly and in combination with participation in foreign market research or marketing alliances. Based on surveys of U.S. and U.K. firms, our findings indicate that small and medium–sized enterprises (SMEs) have higher international performance when they possess greater entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and when the type of alliance (research or marketing) used is aligned with the capabilities of the firm. Further we find that participating in alliances strengthens the relation between EO and international performance. These results have important implications for managers and policy makers interested in improving SME international performance.
Innovation studies concentrate on factors contributing to innovation. However, governments seek clearer understanding of innovation outcomes in their appraisal of the costs and benefits of policies ...to promote innovation in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This study examines organizational innovation (OI) outcomes in SMEs. Based on company interviews and a mail survey, the findings reveal OI results in enhanced productivity, margin, market leadership, and working environments. However, OI does not lead to operational efficiency and employees’ retention. Organizational innovation leads to companies operating outside their core competency but does not have an adverse environmental impact. Organizational innovation has greater impact on small firms. The paper includes practical and theoretical implications.
Globalization is moving fast, impacting on the life of all nations with accelerating force. In this new study Ronnie Lipschutz shows how it is being handled by specific groups seeking positive ...outcomes for the people and causes they represent.
Globalization, Governmentality and Global Politics details how the widespread failure of states and corporations to regulate the impact of increased globalization has given rise to non-governmental organizations and movements, aiming to influence corporations regarding social responsibilities and address key issues such as human rights, environmental destruction, unhealthy working conditions and child labour.
Assessing the effectiveness of these efforts, it examines both the new movements and the issues they are tackling. With three key case studies on the clothing industry, sustainable forestry and corporate social responsibility, it explores the tensions between politics and management, examining the theoretical implications of regulation for politics, citizenship and the state. Finally, it takes a fresh look at what is to be done, calling for a return to politics centred on the direct participation of the individual in the social choices that affect quality of life, working conditions and the global future.
'Lipschutz ... effectively deploys three very useful case studies to support his theoretical argument. Consequently, he has written an important contribution to an emerging debate in political economy, which deserves to be read widely.' - International Affairs
Ronnie D. Lipschutz is Professor of Politics and Associate Director of the Center for Global, International and Regional Studies at the University of California, Santa Cruz. He is also Chair of the Politics Ph.D. program at UCSC. His most recent books include Global Environmental Politics: Power, Perspectives and Practice (Washington, D.C.: CQ Press, 2004), After Authority-War, Peace and Global Politics in the 21st Century (Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 2000) and Cold War Fantasies-Film, Fiction and Foreign Policy (Lanham, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield, 2001). He is co-authoring an IR ^D<"ani-text^D>" with Mary Ann Tetreault, Global Politics Because People Matter, which Rowman and Littlefield will publish in 2005. He is also the author of When Nations Clash: Raw Materials, Ideology and Foreign Policy (New York: Ballinger/Harper and Row, 1989) and Global Civil Society and Global Environmental Governance (Albany: SUNY Press), editor of On Security (New York: Columbia, 1995), and co-author or co-editor of several other books. James K. Rowe is a Ph.D. Candidate in Politics at UC-Santa Cruz. He does research on social movements and the global politics of corporate social responsibility.
1. Between Governmentality and Global Politics 2. Globalization, Externalities, and Regulation 3. Creating a Stark Utopia? Self-Regulating Markets and the Disappearance of Politics 4. Doing Well by Doing It? Social Regulation and the Transnational 5. Paper or Plastic? The Privatization of Global Forestry Regulation 6. Corporate Social Responsibility as Business Strategy 7. Morals, Markets, and Members: Privatizing Human Rights in the Name 8. Bringing Politics Back In
The rationale of this study was to investigate the effect of innovation types on business sustainability in the small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Quantitative approach was used for collecting the ...data and fulfilling the stated objective. Specifically, the data was collected from 171 employees in SMEs in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The analysis for the collected data was conducted using the partial least square approach (PLS-SEM). The findings showed that product innovation as well as service innovation have significant positive impacts on business sustainability. The results further confirmed that process innovation is vital for achieving business sustainability. Finally, the outcomes verified that marketing innovation has a significant impact on business sustainability. The results confirmed the significance of innovation capabilities in helping entrepreneurs in SMEs to sustain their businesses and improve their competitive strengths.
•Allocation and effectiveness of R&D subsidies analyzed for Chinese firms.•Allocation determined by prior grants, high quality inventions, firm ownership.•R&D subsidies crowd-out business R&D ...investments but are neutral in later periods.•No crowding-out for repeated recipients, hightech firms, minority state-owned firms.
In this study we investigate the allocation of China’s R&D subsidies and their effectiveness in stimulating business R&D investments for the population of Chinese listed firms between 2001 and 2006. With respect to subsidy allocation, we find that firm selection is mainly determined by prior grants, high quality inventions, and minority state-ownership. Market-oriented provincial governments distribute grants less frequently, and firms located in developed provinces receive grants more often. Considering effectiveness, R&D subsidies instantaneously crowd-out business R&D investment but are neutral in later periods. In 2006, one public RMB reduces business R&D investments by half an RMB. However, crowding-out is not prevalent for repeated recipients of R&D subsidies, high-tech firms, and minority state-owned firms.
An overarching look at transfer pricing regimes in Asia-Pacific countries and what they mean for foreign businessesA comprehensive guide for companies doing business globally, Asia-Pacific Transfer ...Pricing Handbookexplains the policies and practices that Asia-Pacific countries employ with regards to taxing foreign businesses. The only book that analyzes and guides companies through the often complex transfer pricing rules in place in Asian-Pacific nations, the book explains how authorities in fifteen countries, including ASEAN, India, New Zealand, Japan, and South Korea, tax any company doing business within their borders.Helping foreign companies to properly price their goods and services for global markets, providing defenses for transfer pricing audits, explaining standards for creating comparables that multijurisdictional tax administrations will accept, explaining documentation requirements and timing issues, and creating awareness about inadvertently becoming a permanent establishment, Asia-Pacific Transfer Pricing Handbookis an essential resource for doing business abroad.Provides comprehensive, accessible information on transfer pricing in Asia-Pacific countriesCovers fifteen Asia-Pacific countries, including all ASEAN countries, giving readers unparalleled exposure to the different transfer pricing arrangements across the regionExplains how companies doing business abroad should price their goods and services for global markets to remain in accordance with the lawA complete and comprehensive guide to transfer pricing and its implications for firms and accountants operating in the Asia-Pacific region, Asia-Pacific Transfer Pricing Handbookexplains everything foreign companies need to know about doing business abroad.
This article presents a systematic literature review of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) in the public sector. The findings show that although OCB is gaining more attention in the public ...sector, research often does not take specific public sector characteristics or concepts into account. Based on the available evidence, the authors develop a framework of antecedents, outcomes, mediators, and moderators of OCB. Three areas for future research are recommended: (1) regarding theory: link OCB to public sector concepts such as bureaucratic red tape, public leadership, and public service motivation; (2) regarding research designs: use stronger survey designs, experiments, and case studies and devote more attention to cross‐sectoral and cross‐country differences; and (3) regarding the consequences of OCB: address the gap in our knowledge of how OCB has an impact on public organizations, including negative impacts.
► We study the impact of export promotion programs moderated by level of export involvement. ► Number of programs known and used increases with the export involvement of firms. ► There is a positive ...relationship between EPPs use and diversification and intermediate outcomes. ► Companies in the initial exporting stages benefit the most from EPPs use.
What explains the heterogeneity of foreign subsidiary performance? Previous studies have emphasized the importance of industry, corporate parent, and home-country effects on the variation of foreign ...subsidiary performance. Building on recent international business and economic geography research, this study examines the extent to which subnational region effects can also explain such performance variation. We empirically decompose the variance of the performance of Fortune Global 500 Corporations' subsidiaries in China during 1998—2006. Results show that not only are subnational region effects statistically significant in explaining the variation of subsidiary performance, but their interactions with industry, corporate parent, and home-country effects are also significant and economically important. We further show that subnational region effects tend to be stronger in the period prior to China's WTO accession, and in the country's less-developed subnational regions. Our findings highlight the importance of considering both the direct and indirect roles of subnational region in shaping firms' strategy and performance in international business research.
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