This article compares the considerations, expectations, and realizations of Hong Kongers migrating to Taiwan and Australia. Based on interviews with 22 Hong Konger migrants, we identified some key ...drivers for Hong Kongers who moved to Taiwan or Australia. The findings add insights into the spatial–temporal nexus of migration and extend the static push–pull model by including migrants’ changing perceptions about the sociopolitical conditions of different destinations. In addition to offering a more nuanced understanding of migrants’ perceptions of and adaptations to the sociopolitical environment of the host society, we highlight that, after moving to Taiwan or Australia, Hong Kong migrants experience a gap between what they imagined at the time of migrating and the reality (political, social, and/or cultural). The imagination of the sociopolitical community in the destination countries before they leave and the gap between pre- and post-migration experiences constitute the “unsettling” characteristic of the recent Hong Kong exodus after 2019.
The drowning of the Egyptians in the Red Sea is one of the most memorable scenes in the Old English Exodus. The Exodus-poet represents the Egyptians' deaths as a lean ("reward") for their dægweorces ...("day's work"). That the Egyptians have apparently earned their treatment-and the Israelites their safety-is linked to the will of God. By representing the drowning in this way the poet constructs the Red Sea as God's agent, punishing those whom he wishes to see disciplined. This article argues that the sea in Exodus is not a mere instrument and highlights the complexity with which Old English biblical poetry engages with nature and the environment. The Red Sea in Exodus is compared with biblical and Latin sources to demonstrate how the poet presents a complex and unique version of the episode, one which points to the layered understanding of nature in early medieval England.
The foundation of organizations and knowledge-based economies is widely considered to be human capital and knowledge workers. This review synthesizes prior research on skilled migration, brain gain, ...and brain drain, occurring because of the cross-border migration of skilled professionals. The review comprises 75 studies, synthesizes findings, and develops a conceptual framework for enablers of skilled migration across the border, resulting in brain drain and brain gain. We support previous theories on international migration, stating wage differentials, employment, better earning, and family life as reasons for migration, as well as we provide the basis of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory and Herzberg's two-factor theory to explain the phenomenon of skilled migration. The conceptual model proposed elucidates the brain drain and brain gain outcomes, thereby surfacing a formative base for future research agenda.
Metastasis accounts for the majority of all cancer deaths, yet the process remains poorly understood. A pivotal step in the metastasis process is the exiting of tumor cells from the circulation, a ...process known as extravasation. However, it is unclear how tumor cells extravasate and whether multicellular clusters of tumor cells possess the ability to exit as a whole or must first disassociate. In this study, we use
zebrafish and mouse models to elucidate the mechanism tumor cells use to extravasate. We found that circulating tumor cells exit the circulation using the recently identified extravasation mechanism, angiopellosis, and do so as both clusters and individual cells. We further show that when melanoma and cervical cancer cells utilize this extravasation method to exit as clusters, they exhibit an increased ability to form tumors at distant sites through the expression of unique genetic profiles. Collectively, we present a new model for tumor cell extravasation of both individual and multicellular circulating tumor cells.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Abstract
The COVID‐19 pandemic has potentially altered the system of population movement around the world. As COVID‐19 hit cities the hardest in the wake of the pandemic, apocalyptic headlines ...anticipated the ‘death of cities’. Yet, little was known about the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on cities and the ways it has shaped the patterns of internal population movement in and out of cities. This virtual special issue aims to consolidate our knowledge of the impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on internal migration, discuss key lessons we have learnt so far, and identify areas for future enquiry. It brings together evidence from six different countries: Australia, Germany, Japan, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom, covering the pandemic in varying temporal lengths. Systematic patterns emerge. A first commonality is an overall reduction of internal migration rates during the early days of the pandemic but to a lesser degree than expected. Second, the impacts of COVID‐19 leading to out‐migration from cities seem to have been temporary, though evidence from Spain and Britain points to scarring effects with persistent losses in highly dense areas. Third, changes in internal migration generated small impacts on the population structure of cities but large‐scale changes in small, rural and low‐density areas.
The article investigates the oppression of people as well as its resistance in Exod 1–15 and Southern Africa, from an intersectional perspective. The Zimbabwean migrant women embody the ...intersectional struggles of the working-class people (class), women (gender) and immigrants (internationality) in Southern Africa. This scenario might have been the case in the world of the biblical texts. First, the study outlines the lived experiences of the Zimbabwean migrant women in South Africa in order to highlight the multi-layered and intersectional character of and the resistance of their oppression. Second, the essay probes the resistance of oppression in the Exodus narrative, with a specific interest in women. Third and lastly, the study shows how the intersectionality theory assists us in drawing a broader and relative depiction of the oppression of women in Exod 1–15 and in Southern Africa as well as the need to resist such oppression. https://doi.org/10.17159/2312-3621/2021/v34n2a12
Existing empirical work has focused on assessing the effectiveness of nonpharmaceutical interventions on human mobility to contain the spread of COVID‐19. Less is known about the ways in which the ...COVID‐19 pandemic has reshaped the spatial patterns of population movement within countries. Anecdotal evidence of an urban exodus from large cities to rural areas emerged during early phases of the pandemic across western societies. Yet, these claims have not been empirically assessed. Traditional data sources, such as censuses offer coarse temporal frequency to analyse population movement over infrequent time intervals. Drawing on a data set of 21 million observations from Meta‐Facebook users, we aim to analyse the extent and evolution of changes in the spatial patterns of population movement across the rural–urban continuum in Britain over an 18‐month period from March 2020 to August 2021. Our findings show an overall and sustained decline in population movement during periods of high stringency measures, with the most densely populated areas reporting the largest reductions. During these periods, we also find evidence of higher‐than‐average mobility from high‐density population areas to low‐density areas, lending some support to claims of large‐scale population movements from large cities. Yet, we show that these trends were temporary. Overall mobility levels trended back to precoronavirus levels after the easing of nonpharmaceutical interventions. Following these interventions, we found a reduction in movement to low‐density areas and a rise in mobility to high‐density agglomerations. Overall, these findings reveal that while COVID‐19 generated shock waves leading to temporary changes in the patterns of population movement in Britain, the resulting vibrations have not significantly reshaped the prevalent structures in the national pattern of population movement. As of 2021, internal population movements sit at an intermediate level between those observed pre‐ and early phases of the pandemic.
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