Abstract Subject and purpose of work The subject-matter and aim of this paper is to present the extent of poverty and economic and social exclusion in the countries of the European Union (EU-27). The ...specific aim is the comparative assessment and reduction of these processes between 2011 and 2022. Material and methods The paper is based on an analysis of official EUROSTAT statistics. The TOPSIS taxonomic method was used for comparative evaluation, making it possible to measure and assess synthetically the variation of poverty across countries in dynamic terms for the selected years 2011, 2016 and 2022. Results On the basis of the collected empirical material, a multivariate synthetic assessment of the level of economic and social exclusion in all EU-27 member states was made. The extent of the variation and changes in this process were compared in dynamic terms using the taxonomic approach. Conclusions The analysis of the results confirmed the existence of considerable variation in the occurrence of the “components” of economic and social exclusion. The results of the multivariate analysis helped made it possible to prepare a ranking and typology of similarities between countries. The analysis confirms the partial achievement of the poverty-reducing goals of the EU strategies, although not to the same extent and in the same pace, by EU countries.
The article presents the results of an empirical study of the “vertical” form (P. Shtompka) of trust in the authorities on the part of the population of the Republic of Angola, conducted at the end ...of 2020. The research methodology (classical and modern studies of the phenomenon of trust), methods of collecting primary information (included observation, a survey in the form of a standardized interview) are described. The factors influencing the attitude of citizens to the government and causing distrust of its social policy are analyzed. The attitude to the key institutions of civil society on the scale of “trust-distrust” is shown. Based on the results of the study, a forecast is made about the strengthening of distrust of power structures and the growth of tension in the country.
The definitive account of the history of poverty finance' - Susanne Soederberg Finance, mobile and digital technologies - or 'fintech' - are being heralded in the world of development by the likes of ...the IMF and World Bank as a silver bullet in the fight against poverty. But should we believe the hype? A Critical History of Poverty Finance demonstrates how newfangled 'digital financial inclusion' efforts suffer from the same essential flaws as earlier iterations of neoliberal 'financial inclusion'. Relying on artificially created markets that simply aren’t there among the world's most disadvantaged economic actors, they also reinforce existing patterns of inequality and uneven development, many of which date back to the colonial era. Bernards offers an astute analysis of the current fintech fad, contextualised through a detailed colonial history of development finance, that ultimately reveals the neoliberal vision of poverty alleviation for the pipe dream it is.
La persistance de principales maladies animales transfrontalières et endémiques dans les pays du Sud (fièvre aphteuse, peste des petits ruminants, rage, etc.) témoigne du défaut des Services ...vétérinaires nationaux à fournir des méthodes de contrôle efficaces et à maintenir une présence dans les localités où ils sont le plus utiles : auprès des populations pauvres et des communautés reculées qui dépendent essentiellement de l’élevage pour subsister. Investir durablement dans les capacités des Services vétérinaires aiderait à préserver la santé et la sécurité alimentaire mondiale, à développer les économies et à améliorer les conditions de vie de quelque 1,3 milliard de personnes dont les moyens de subsistance dépendent de la santé des animaux. L’ Organisation mondiale de la santé animale (OIE) s’emploie à promouvoir la qualité des Services vétérinaires et des Services chargés de la santé des animaux aquatiques comme un bien public mondial et déploie avec l’aide de ses partenaires internationaux et régionaux tout un arsenal d’activités de renforcement de capacités de ses pays membres - en particulier ceux du Sud - en vue du contrôle et de l’éradication des grandes enzooties concernant les animaux terrestres et aquatiques.
Issues related to highly impacting endemic diseases in the South.
The persistence of major transboundary and endemic animal diseases in southern countries (foot-andmouth disease, peste des petits ruminants, rabies, etc.) underscores the National Veterinary Services’ failure to provide effective control methods and maintain a presence at local level where they are most needed : among poor people and remote communities who depend mainly on livestock for subsistence. Investing sustainably in the capacity of the Veterinary Services would help maintain global health and food security, develop economies and improve the lives of some 1.3 billion people whose livelihoods depend on animal health. The OIE works to promote the quality of Veterinary Services and Aquatic Animal Health Services as a global public good, and deploys with its international and regional partners a wide range of capacity-building activities for its member countries -especially those of the South -for the control and eradication of major enzootic diseases in terrestrial and aquatic animals.
Over the recent years illicit financial flows have attracted increasing attention from researchers and policy makers because of their negative effects on poor countries. In 2013 the mostly rich ...countries' OECD acknowledged illicit flows as an issue of "central importance". Since 2003, the Center for Global Development has been publishing the Commitment to Development Index (CDI) which ranks rich countries on their policies which affect poor countries. This paper rationalizes the inclusion of indicators of policies affecting illicit financial flows in the CDI, in addition to the previously included policies of aid, trade, migration, environment, security, technology and investment. It provides a survey of existing approaches to measuring illicit financial flows, discusses possible metrics which could be included in the CDI, evaluates how such indicators might be incorporated into the CDI, and proposes changes to current CDI indicators. The qualitative indicators of the Financial Secrecy Index emerge as the best contribution to the newly renamed and updated finance component of the CDI.
By reallocating aid to where it is needed most and where a productive use is most likely, donors could help alleviate poverty in developing countries. The rhetoric of donors suggests that this ...insight has increasingly shaped the allocation of aid. We assess the poverty and policy orientation of bilateral and multilateral aid in different ways. In addition to presenting stylized facts based on bivariate correlations, we apply a Tobit model that captures both altruistic and selfish donor motives. We find little evidence supporting the view that the targeting of aid has improved significantly. Most donors provide higher aid to relatively poor countries, but so far the fight against poverty has not resulted in a stronger focus on the most needy recipients. The estimation results reveal that the policy orientation of aid critically depends on how local conditions are measured. Applying the widely used Kaufmann index on the quality of institutions, almost all donors failed to direct aid predominantly to where local conditions were conducive to a productive use of inflows. The response of donors to changing institutional and policy conditions in recipient countries turns out to be fairly weak. In particular, we reject the proposition that multilateral aid is more targeted than bilateral aid in terms of rewarding poor countries with better policies and institutions.
When talking about poverty, a lot of energy is expended by academics and sociologists in the identification and classification of the poor. Less attention is paid to classifying the rich. The Center ...for Global Development created the Commitment to Development Index in 2003, which ranks countries according to their contribution to the reduction of poverty in developing countries. Since its first report, "Ranking the rich, the Index has been quite successful. However, it has also been subject to multiple criticisms. This paper proposes the use of an ordinal classification to rate, not rank, the performance of rich countries. An ordinal classification, where an ordinal scale labels the examples, can help discovering the level of each country's commitment to development, automatically and independently from others' performances. It could stimulate both advocacy from civil society and the determination of more coherent public policies in rich countries for poorer ones. The methodology used is Artificial Neural Networks, a common machine learning tool for successfully solving classification problems. Experiments yield robust results, showing better outcomes than other alternative ordinal classifiers, opening the possibility of developing a classification technique which could overcome the limitations of the current ranking technique.
The aim of this paper is to evaluate the contribution of the traditional exploitation of timber, in a community framework, to the respect of governance principles in actions for the fight against ...poverty in some rural communities in Cameroon. In 1990, the government of Cameroon adopted laws on the freedom of association that authorised teaming up for the search of possibilities for a better economic welfare of populations. It is in line with this that in 1994, a new forest law which authorises willing communities to organise themselves and request the government to grant them a portion of the national forest of the public domain to be managed by them and for their personal interest. Also, and with the help of the international community, Cameroon elaborated in 1998 its first poverty reduction strategy paper that encouraged amongst others, community actions in the search of solutions to the economic crisis that stroke the country. Through the application of a logit model to the responses collected through a survey carried out on a sample of 200 individuals of the East region of Cameroon, it was noticed that timber exploitation in a community framework does not necessarily lead to the strengthening of the links of belonging to a common community, and to the equitable redistribution of revenues from the exploitation of the community forest.
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