Prema slovenskim narodnim verovanjima, duša u trenutku smrti izlazi iz tela u obliku muve, leptira, ptice ili miša. Ona se kasnije može javiti živim ljudima i u obliku nekih drugih životinja, pri ...čemu se uočavaju razlike među dušama tzv. čistih pokojnika ili predaka (onih koji su umrli “svojom”, prirodnom smrću) i tzv. nečistih pokojnika (onih koji su umrli prerano ili nasilnom smrću, koji su bili veliki grešnici, nekršteni, bavili se magijom i sl.). U radu će se pažnja pokloniti predstavama o zoomorfnim obeležjima duša pomenutih grupa pokojnika. Istraživaće se razlozi vezivanja nekih životinja za određenu grupu pokojnika, zatim narodna shvatanja o tome da li duša ima ili preuzima formu životinje ili se prosto seli u njeno telo. Istraživanje se zasniva na objavljenoj etnografskoj i folklorističkoj građi u časopisima i zbornicima slovenskih naroda, te naučnim studijama o predstavama o duši i životinjama u narodnoj kulturi Slovena, kao i na sopstvenim terenskim zapisima iz Banata (Srbija).
According to Slavic folk beliefs, the soul leaves the body at the time of death in the form of a fly, butterfly, bird or mouse. It can later appear to living people in the form of some other animals, whereby differences can be observed between the so-called souls of the pure deceased or ancestors (those who died “of their own” natural death) and the so-called impure deceased (those who died prematurely or violently, who were sinners, unbaptized, practiced magic, etc.). The paper deals with folk beliefs about the zoomorphic characteristics of the souls of the mentioned groups of the deceased. The reasons for tying certain types of animals to a certain group of the deceased is examined, followed by folk beliefs about whether the soul has or takes the form of an animal or simply moves into its body. The research is based on published ethnographic and folkloristic materials in magazines and anthologies of the Slavic peoples, on scholarly studies on representations of the soul and animals in the folk culture of the Slavs, as well as on our own field records from the Banat region (Serbia).
Singing the Land: Hebrew Music and Early Zionism in America examines the proliferation and use of popular Hebrew Zionist music amongst American Jewry during the first half of the twentieth century. ...This music—one part in a greater process of instilling diasporic Zionism in American Jewish communities—represents an early and underexplored means of fostering mainstream American Jewish engagement with the Jewish state and Hebrew national culture as they emerged after Israel declared its independence in 1948. This evolutionary process brought Zionism from being an often-polemical notion in American Judaism at the turn of the twentieth century to a mainstream component of American Jewish life by 1948. Hebrew music ultimately emerged as an important means through which many American Jews physically participated in or ‘performed’ aspects of Zionism and Hebrew national culture from afar. Exploring the history, events, contexts, and tensions that comprised what may be termed the ‘Zionization’ of American Jewry during the first half of the twentieth century, Eli Sperling analyzes primary sources within the historical contexts of Zionist national development and American Jewish life. Singing the Land offers insights into how and why musical frameworks were central to catalyzing American Jewry’s support of the Zionist cause by the 1940s, parallel to firm commitments to their American locale and national identities. The proliferation of this widespread American Jewish-Zionist embrace was achieved through a variety of educational, religious, economic, and political efforts, and Hebrew music was a thread consistent among them all.
Abstract
Objectives
This paper takes the folk stories of ancient Chinese medicinal herbs as the research object, aiming at depicting the understanding of the relationship between human beings and ...nature, spiritual beings and immortals in the conceptual world of Chinese people.
Methods
Morphological research method is adopted to focus on the text of folk stories and relevant cultural significance.
Results
Since the Tang Dynasty, the records about medicinal herbs becoming spiritual beings and people becoming immortals after consuming them have been widely spread. Among them, three types of stories are the most representative: one is ginseng transforming into an old man or a boy, the other one is tuckahoe transforming into a child, and the last one is the Chinese wolfberry transforming into a dog.
Conclusions
The story of “consuming spiritual beings and becoming immortals” not only reveals the narrative rules of the orderly upgrading from low to high among plants, spiritual beings, human beings, and immortals but also reflects our ancestors' ultimate pursuit of longevity and becoming immortals. Relevant research on this topic could be beneficial to the presentation of the knowledge-generating process of the Chinese ancient folk culture and promote the theoretical construction of Chinese stories.
Folk culture was typically associated with rural superstitions and feudal norms. It was appropriated by the state and intellectuals to modernize the nation and mobilize the masses to unshackle China ...from the grip of the imperialist invasion in Republican China, and was later revolutionized to help construct socialist China. However, after being condemned as the Four Olds, folk culture experienced a nationwide revival in post-Mao China. This article explores the official use of folk culture in realizing domestic political goals in post-Mao China, a strategy that I call 'folk soft power.' Through a case study of the largest folk art fair in contemporary rural China, I examine how the fair received official endorsements as a social basis for building a socialist spiritual civilization and a harmonious society in the reform era. It was also heritagized as a national intangible cultural heritage (ICH) to create a shared cultural identity in the new millennium. I argue that the Chinese authorities deploy folk soft power to reproduce a people-oriented state and a Chinese nation rooted in folk culture. Folk soft power deliberately makes light of state presence to consolidate regime legitimacy and reorient the meaning of Chineseness.
Women have traditionally been held back from performing to their full potential in creative project teams, where they typically constitute a minority. However, due to recent technological ...developments, the structure of teamwork is rapidly evolving. Specifically, teamwork is now often performed asynchronously: members of teams work at different times, by themselves, rather than simultaneously and together. How will this shift to asynchronous teamwork affect the performance of men and women on creative project teams? This article argues that women will perform better when teamwork is asynchronous rather than synchronous, because working alone will afford them greater freedom for creative expression. We argue that men will not experience the same boost in performance, and thus the spread of asynchronous teamwork has the potential to reduce gender disparities in performance. We explore this question in the context of folk-music ensembles in eastern India. After collecting ethnographic and interview data from folk musicians to develop our theory, we conducted a field experiment in which individual singers, men and women, recorded a song both synchronously and asynchronously with the same set of instrumentalists. This article contributes to the study of gender inequality, creativity, and the temporal restructuring of work.
Acı, tatlı, ekşi ve tuzlu kavramları 4 temel tat ögesi olarak yiyeceklerin lezzetlerinin ifade edilmesinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Söz konusu kavramlara, tat öğeleri olarak sahip oldukları ...anlamların ötesinde, Türk halk kültüründe birçok olguyu açıklamak için birtakım yan anlamlar da yüklenmiştir. Halk arasında sıklıkla dile getirilen "tuzlu fiyat", "tatlı dil", "ekşi yüz", "acı söz" gibi ifadeler, bu kavramların lezzeti ifade etmenin ötesine geçerek birçok durumu, duyguyu veya insana ait özellikleri niteleme amacıyla kullanıldığını; dolayısıyla söz konusu ifadelerin kültürel bir derinliğe sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu noktadan hareketle acı, tatlı, ekşi ve tuzlu sözcüklerinin Türk halk kültüründeki yeri ve önemi, kullanım alanları ve sembolize ettiği anlamları bilimsel bakış açısıyla irdelemek çalışmanın çıkış noktasıdır. Sözcüklerin anlamsal çerçevedeki kullanım çeşitliliği, Türk halk kültürünün zenginliğine vurgu yapmakta ve sözcüklerin sembolik anlamlarına dair çalışmaların kültür aktarımına da katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Böylece çalışmada tat ögelerinin Türk halk kültürü nezdinde sembolize ettiği anlamların tespit edilmesi ve kültürel boyutta ele alınarak açıklanmasının önemi ortaya çıkmaktadır. Çalışma, nitel araştırma desenlerinden kültür analizi yöntemi ile yürütülmüştür. Öncelikle doküman analizi ile Türk halk kültürüne ait türkü metinleri, deyimler ve atasözleri ile halk ağzı sözlükleri içerisinde bulunan acı, tatlı, ekşi ve tuzlu sözcüklerinin geçtiği ifadeler tespit edilmiştir. Ardından veriler içerik analizinin alt yöntemi olan tematik analiz yöntemi ile çözümlenerek acı, tatlı, tuzlu ve ekşi ifadeleri kapsamında tema ve örüntüler oluşturulmuştur. Çözümleme aşamasında metafor tespit yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulguları, acı, tatlı, ekşi ve tuzlu sözcüklerini içeren toplamda 258 ifadeyi kapsamaktadır. Bu ifadeler dahilinde, acı sözcüğüne ilişkin 4 ayrı temada toplamda 21; tatlı sözcüğüne ilişkin 3 ayrı temada toplamda 18; ekşi sözcüğüne ilişkin 2 ayrı temada toplamda 11; tuzlu sözcüğüne ilişkin ise 2 ayrı temada toplamda 6 anlamsal metafor tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, acı, tatlı, ekşi ve tuzlu sözcüklerinin tat öğeleri olarak yüklendikleri anlamların dışında; tatlı sözcüğünün soyut çağrışımlarının tamamıyla olumlu, ekşi ve tuzlu sözcüklerinin soyut çağrışımlarının ise olumsuz olduğu görülmektedir. Acı sözcüğünün ise genel itibariyle olumsuz soyut çağrışımlara sahip olduğu, bununla birlikte "çarpıcı ve göz alıcı" anlamının olumlu yönde değerlendirilebileceği görülmüştür. Genel anlamda acı, tatlı, ekşi ve tuzlu sözcüklerinin birer tat ögesi olarak sahip oldukları anlamların kullanım sıklığı ile bu sözcüklerin sahip olduğu yan anlamların çeşitliliği arasında pozitif yönde bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Diğer yandan acı ve tatlı sözcüklerinin kullanım sıklığına bakıldığında, bu iki sözcüğün Türk halk kültüründe daha geniş bir yer kapladığı bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Özellikle acı ve tatlı sözcüklerinin çeşitli olguları açıklamak için kullanım çeşitliliği düşünüldüğünde, Türk kültüründe farklı tat öğelerine sahip yiyeceklerin beğeni düzeylerine yönelik duyusal odaklı değerlendirme çalışmalarının, bu kullanım sıklığı ile bağlantısını ortaya koymaya yönelik kökensel araştırmalar yapılmasının gerekliliği de ortaya çıkmaktadır. Böylece bu çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar, söz konusu kökensel araştırmaların gelecek çalışmalar kapsamında ele alınması açısından önem arz etmektedir. 13. yüzyıl ve öncesine dair yapılan araştırmalarda acı için açıġ, seçig; tatlı için tatlıglıg, tatlıg ve ekşi için nigsi, çıvsagun, çıvşan (çifşen) gibi günümüz Türkçesinden farklı sözcüklerin kullanılıyor oluşu da ayrıca bu sözcüklerin kökensel bağlantılarına dair yapılacak araştırmaların, günümüzdeki çeşitli kullanımlarına dair sıklıkların anlamlandırılabilmesi doğrultusundaki gerekliliğini vurgulamaktadır.
The social utility of 'data literacy' Pangrazio, Luci; Sefton-Green, Julian
Learning, media and technology,
04/2020, Volume:
45, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
This article examines the social utility of the concept, 'data literacy'. Recent developments in the processes of datafication challenge long-held assumptions about privacy and the role of both state ...and commerce in individual lives. Typically, these have been addressed through: regulatory legal constraints underwritten by the nation state but are difficult to enforce at a global level; tactical resistance through forms of self-regulation and technical innovations, and; educational interventions, typically as 'literacy', which brings understanding of the new forms of digital control. The article considers the benefit of theorising digital data as a 'text' and reviews current educational models of data literacy, categorised here as formal, personal and folk pedagogies of data. The article concludes that while the analogy between print and data has many inconsistencies, the term has rhetorical benefits. However, to become a meaningful strategy 'data literacy' requires both a more complete theorisation and complex practical development.
In the 21st century, vernacular tradition has been emerging updated, hybridized forms. The increased availability of digital devices and resources has diminished the gap between professional ...production and folk culture. Digital technology and commercial productions have merged with grassroots practices, local identities, and personal expression. This book introduces analytical views of contemporary folklore as vernacular meaning-making and performance in interaction with digital technology and commercial productions. It focuses on various genres, such as internet memes, local rap music, video games, creepypasta, and stand-up performances. Central themes featured in the analyses include accelerated cultural circulation and reinterpretations, questions surrounding ownership and appropriation, technological agency, and the performance of cultural and personal identities.
•Developing critical thinking skills in vulnerable communities.•Using serious games to develop critical thinking.•Serious games with adult learners of diverse literacy levels.•Ethnographic research ...for the development of serious games.•Serious games, forest sustainability and Brazilian folk characters.
Misinformation as well as the proliferation of fake news has been a problem during COVID-19 pandemic. This has affected many vulnerable communities in Brazil. The ability to understand and sort out pieces of reliable information and fake news has become a fundamental cognitive skill. In this study we report on the development of a serious game (a card-based role-playing game) using Brazilian folk heroes aimed to develop critical thinking skills to empower vulnerable communities affected by misinformation and fake news. Four groups located in the city of Goiânia (Brazil) participated in this research: one group of people experiencing homelessness; two groups of favela residents (one urban and one in the suburbs) and one group of recyclable material collectors from a cooperative. We gained entry and built trust with each of these groups and worked together for 10 months during the pandemic. We conducted participatory observations, individual interviews with each participant and discussed their daily interaction with information, specifically in the context of the covid-19 pandemic. The analyses of the observations and interview data gave us a glimpse of the communicative needs of the groups. Inserting players into a narrative where they can make decisions based on critical thinking and their own reflections on the pandemic was important for building knowledge and developing critical thinking in these communities. The nature of the game (interactive and cooperative) allowed participants to focus on problem-solving skills and group work. It encouraged them to use real-life knowledge and skills to solve the fictional problems presented by the narrative.
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