•Modified QuPPe method was used for extraction of high polar herbicides.•High polar herbicides were determined by LC-MS/MS.•Chitosan and graphene effectively reduced the matrix effects.•Short sample ...preparation of diverse food matrices was achieved.
This study reports an innovative and sensitive procedure for analysis of difficult high polar herbicides (HPH) in diverse foods of plant origin. The QuPPe (Quick Polar Pesticides) method followed by determination by LC-MS/MS was modified. Chromatographic conditions, extraction, clean-up, and matrix effect were studied. Several liquid chromatography stationary and mobile phases were evaluated, and it was found that hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) gives good retention and sensitivity. An acidified methanol-water mixture was used as an effective extraction solvent of eleven HPH. Dispersive solid-phase clean-up sorbents (C18, GCB, Florisil, chitosan and graphene) were evaluated. The efficiency of the method was examined using data on recovery, precision and matrix effects. High extraction yields were achieved, and recoveries were within the 64–97% range with relative standard deviations <20% for all HPH in all commodities. Low matrix effects were observed when graphene was used during clean-up of onion extract and when chitosan was used for wheat, potato and pea extract.
Summary
From beginnings as an esoteric research topic, cultivated meat (produced from cells originating from the meat producing animals) has developed with increasing pace from a research concept and ...is starting to break into restaurant markets in Singapore, USA, and Israel. However, there remains a significant journey in the global food ecosystem in order for it to reach mainstream retail. This viewpoint piece will probe how combining the best from plant‐based meat alternatives and cultivated meat disciplines may end up addressing consumers desires, delivering on sustainability, palatability, nutritional balance and economic viability.
Combining cultured meat elements with plant material creating hybrid food products may provide viable routes to market.
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•Thiazole zinc was derivatized to 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (AMT) for indirect quantification.•Optimal conditions for derivation were investigated.•The residue analysis ...method for thiazole zinc could be applied to plant origin foods.
Zinc-thiazole is a new fungicide that was independently developed in China and has a high efficiency and low toxicity. A modified derivatization method was established to measure zinc-thiazole in foods of plant origin. Zinc-thiazole decomposed into 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (AMT) under alkaline conditions, and the AMT was extracted with acidic acetonitrile (pH = 3). The AMT was quantitated by HPLC–MS/MS, and then the amount of zinc-thiazole residue was calculated. Good linearity (R2 > 0.9997) was obtained in 0.001–1 mg/L. The limit of quantification of zinc-thiazole was 0.02 mg/kg in peaches, grapes, brown rice and soybeans. A qualified accuracy (recoveries of 75%–90%) and precision (RSD of 1%–5%) were obtained at three fortified levels. This method was applied to peach samples collected from farmland, and the zinc-thiazole residues complied with the residue limits. In the future, this method could be used to analyze residues and in the risk assessment of metal-thiazole fungicides.
Beyond their nutritional benefits, vitamins could decrease the risk of chronic diseases due to their potent antioxidant capacity. The present work is aimed at reviewing the state of the art regarding ...(1) the vitamins involved in oxidative stress prevention in accordance with the requirements established by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and (2) the foods of plant origin that are sources of those vitamins and have potential benefits against oxidative stress in humans. According to the European regulations based on EFSA scientific evidence, riboflavin, vitamin C, and vitamin E are those vitamins subjected to the approved health claim “contribute to the protection of cells from oxidative stress”. Scientific studies conducted in humans with some natural food sources of riboflavin (almonds, wheat germ, mushrooms, oat bran), vitamin C (guava, kale, black currant, Brussels sprouts, broccoli, orange), and vitamin E (hazelnuts, almonds, peanuts, pistachio nuts, extra virgin olive oil, dates, rye) have been performed and published in the literature. However, no food of plant origin has obtained a favorable EFSA opinion to substantiate the approval of health claims related to its potential properties related to oxidative stress prevention. Further studies (concretely, well-controlled human intervention studies) must be carried out in accordance with EFSA requirements to provide the highest level of scientific evidence that could demonstrate the potential relationship between foods of plant origin and antioxidant capacity. This review could be useful for the scientific community to study the application of health claims referring to the antioxidant capacity potentially exerted by foods of plant origin.
•A LC–MS/MS method based on modified QuEChERS was developed for hymexazol analysis.•Matrix-matched standards were adopted to compensate for the matrix effect.•The method was validated with good ...accuracy and precision in all matrices.•The method was simple, fast, sensitive, dependable, and effective.•The method was applied for monitoring hymexazol residues in 26 kinds of foods of plant origin.
A rapid and sensitive method based on modified QuEChERS for hymexazol determination in 26 plant-derived foods using liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed. Variables affecting the separation (LC column, mobile phase additives) and clean-up effects of various dispersive phases, such as PSA, C18, GCB, MWCNTs, PEP-2, Al2O3, Florisil, and PVPP were evaluated. The method was validated using 26 matrices at spiked levels of 0.01 or 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5mg/kg (0.05, 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0mg/kg for green tea). Mean recoveries were between 71.2% and 113.8%, and intra and inter-day precisions were below 14.8%. The limit of quantitation for 26 matrices ranged from 10 to 50μg/kg. Matrix-matched calibration was used. The method was subsequently applied for real sample analysis, and hymexazol was detected in a cucumber (below the LOQ) and was not detected in any other sample. The method is simple and effective, and meets the routine monitoring requirements for hymexazol residue in foods.
Summary
Fresh berries are a rich source of antioxidants. The choice of a method for preserving these fruits determines, among other things, keeping their antioxidant capacity. The aim of this study ...was to estimate the contents of monomeric anthocyanins and vitamin C and to assess the antioxidant capacity of the fruit of black chokeberry, black elder, common bilberry, thornless blackberry and raspberry depending on the method of preservation in the process of freezing, lyophilisation and air‐drying. In fruits frozen at −18 °C as compared with the fresh fruits, losses of anthocyanins and vitamin C of 10% and 14%, respectively, were found. During lyophilisation and air‐drying, losses of anthocyanins as compared with fresh fruits accounted for 82% and 94%, respectively, of vitamin C 84% and 89%. Regardless of the preservation method, chokeberry was characterised by the richest resource of anthocyanins and the highest antioxidant capacity, followed by black elder.
Freezing soft berries results in preservation of 8 to 9 times more anthocyanins and 6 times more vitamin C than lyophilisation or air‐drying. Regardless of preservation method, chokeberry has the highest antioxidant capacity followed by black elder.
Summary
An efficient strategy for the purification of polyphenols from kiwi fruit peel extracts was developed in this study. Six different macroporous resins were evaluated in static adsorption and ...desorption tests, and NKA‐II resin was used for further test because of its high adsorption capacity (21.28 mg g−1 dry resin) and desorption ratio (84.92%). The adsorption mechanism of the NKA‐II resin indicated that pseudo‐second‐order kinetics and the Freundlich isotherm model could adequately explain the adsorption process, and the thermodynamic tests showed that the process was endothermic, spontaneous and feasible. Furthermore, by optimising the dynamic adsorption and desorption parameters, the purity of the final polyphenols improved dramatically from 33.2% to 55.26%. In addition, the qualitative and quantitative determinations of the polyphenols before and after purification were conducted by a high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The results of this study showed that the developed method provided a promising basis for the large‐scale purification of polyphenols from kiwi fruit peel.
Identified compounds of peaks 1‐9 are gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, catechinic acid, 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid, epicatechin, rutin, ferulic acid, quercetin and quercitrin, respectively.
Summary
Formation of a mucilage is a complex process that involves the initial contact of a solid matrix (e.g. bone with connective tissue, okra fruit, beans) and water; the wetting of the ...macromolecules that are embedded on the solid matrix, followed by its swelling; their elution (‘extraction’) in the aqueous phase, forming a hydrocolloidal dispersion; the relaxation of the macromolecules in their new environment, leading to the modification of the latter's rheological properties, or their adsorption onto an oil interface, leading to the formation of oil‐in‐water emulsions. This review collects data assembled on a representative case study, that of okra fruit, as to assemble an image of the individual contributions of the previous stages towards the final formation of the hydrocolloidal mucilage.
The stages leading to mucilage formation.
Multi-analyte methods based on QuEChERS sample preparation and chromatography/mass spectrometry determination are indispensable in monitoring pesticide residues in the feed and food chain. QuEChERS ...method, even though perceived as convenient and generic, can contribute to sample matrix constituents’ introduction to the measuring system and possibly affect analytical results. In this study, matrix effects (ME) were investigated in four food matrices of plant origin (apples, grapes, spelt kernels, and sunflower seeds) during GC-MS/MS analysis of >200 pesticide residues using QuEChERS sample preparation. Data analysis revealed considerable analyte signal enhancement and suppression: strong enhancement was observed for the majority of analytes in two matrices within the commodity groups with high water content—apples, and high acid and water content—grapes (73.9% MES and 72.5% MEA, and 77.7% MES and 74.9% MEA, respectively), while strong suppression was observed for matrices within the commodity groups with high starch/protein content and low water and fat content—spelt kernels, and high oil content and very low water content—sunflower seeds (82.1% MES and 82.6% MEA, and 65.2% MES and 70.0% MEA, respectively). Although strong matrix effects were the most common for all investigated matrices, the use of matrix-matched calibration for each sample type enabled satisfactory method performance, i.e., recoveries for the majority of analytes (up to roughly 90%, depending on the fortification level and matrix type), which was also externally confirmed through participation in proficiency testing schemes for relevant food commodity groups with the achieved z-scores within acceptable range ≤ |2|.
We determined the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of methanol extracts from fifteen selected jujube genotypes endogenous to the Mediterranean region of Turkey. Total phenolic content ...of the fruits was analyzed by Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method, while the total antioxidant activity was analyzed using the p-carotene bleaching, ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-dipheniM-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity (DPPH) assays. The highest total phenolic content was observed in MHS 6 and MHS 7 genotypes (42 and 40 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) g super(-1) dry weight (DW)), while the lowest content was found in MHS 5 and MHS 14 (28 and 25 mg GAE g super(-1) DW). MHS 13 was among the genotypes with the highest antioxidant capacity in all three methods tested (1237 Mmol g super(-1) in FRAP, 83% in beta -carotene bleaching method and 99% in DPPH). The present study demonstrates the potential value of jujube genotypes for Pharmaceuticals and nutrition.
