The multi-microgrids (MMGs) concept has recently got more attention due to its features of accommodating large-scale integration of renewable generation with efficient utilization, improved power ...system efficiency, reliability and stability performance through coordination and cooperation of energy exchange among the microgrids (MGs) and the main grid. Moreover, utilization of demand response programs in MMG structure can also bring wide range of potential economic benefits to system operation and stability. However, various factors including electrical load variation, the unpredictable nature of renewable energy resources, the coordinated energy trading among microgrids and cyber-attacks on communication based coordinated control can pose great challenge to achieve stable, effective, secure and optimal operation of power system. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review on the contemporary multi-microgrid architectures, energy management functionalities and multi-objectives energy management schemes in MMGs. Also, an overview of demand side management techniques and coordination schemes incorporating energy transaction and resilience operation in MMGs is provided. The importance of cyber-security in MMGs is highlighted and different attacks are reported. Finally, future recommendations on contemporary literature are provided.
•Review on MMG general architecture, various EMS topologies and functionalities in MMG•An overview of demand side management techniques and coordination schemes•An overview of bilateral coordination schemes for energy transaction are reviewed.•The importance of cyber security and different attacks in MMGs are highlighted
Display omitted
•Thermocatalytic decomposition of ammonia is presented.•Ammonia as a hydrogen carrier for green hydrogen production is discussed.•Ruthenium and non-ruthenium-based catalysts for ...ammonia conversion are reviewed.•Techno-economic analysis of ammonia and hydrogen economy is discussed.•Hydrogen source, production pathways, and energy efficiency are presented.
Sustainable societal growth relies on the efficient storage, transportation, and use of renewable energies. Considerable progress has been made in sustainable hydrogen production via water electrolysis and biomass conversion, but hydrogen storage and transportation remain major challenges for commercial-scale applications. Owing to its high hydrogen content and energy density, ammonia is a promising zero-carbon energy carrier for large-scale energy storage. Therefore, the transformation of renewable hydrogen into ammonia is a promising strategy for effective hydrogen transportation and storage. Unlike the direct combustion of ammonia, which can produce NOx, catalytic cracking into nitrogen and hydrogen provides an environmentally friendly method for hydrogen regeneration. Herein, recent advances in effective ammonia decomposition via various processes, including electrochemical, photochemical, and, particularly, thermochemical routes, are summarized. In addition, hydrogen separation techniques and techno-economic analyses of the ammonia and hydrogen economy are discussed. The main objective of this review is to provide a conceptual framework for effective ammonia cracking to yield pure hydrogen as a clean fuel for developing futuristic and sustainable energy solutions.
For more than a decade, the primary focus of environmental experts has been to adopt risk-based management approaches to cleanup PAH polluted sites that pose potentially destructive ecological ...consequences. This focus had led to the development of several physical, chemical, thermal and biological technologies that are widely implementable. Established remedial options available for treating PAH contaminated soils are incineration, thermal conduction, solvent extraction/soil washing, chemical oxidation, bioaugmentation, biostimulation, phytoremediation, composting/biopiles and bioreactors. Integrating physico-chemical and biological technologies is also widely practiced for better cleanup of PAH contaminated soils. Electrokinetic remediation, vermiremediation and biocatalyst assisted remediation are still at the development stage. Though several treatment methods to remediate PAH polluted soils currently exist, a comprehensive overview of all the available remediation technologies to date is necessary so that the right technology for field-level success is chosen. The objective of this review is to provide a critical overview in this respect, focusing only on the treatment options available for field soils and ignoring the spiked ones. The authors also propose the development of novel multifunctional green and sustainable systems like mixed cell culture system, biosurfactant flushing, transgenic approaches and nanoremediation in order to overcome the existing soil- contaminant- and microbial-associated technological limitations in tackling high molecular weight PAHs. The ultimate objective is to ensure the successful remediation of long-term PAH contaminated soils.
Display omitted
•Summary of the extent and status of global PAHs contamination in soil.•Overview of established remediation approaches for PAHs and their costs.•Indication of emerging options for the cleanup of PAHs polluted sites.•Proposal of novel multifunctional green and sustainable cleanup systems for future.•Focus only on the treatment of field soils and not spiked soils.
The Canadian Earth System Model version 5 (CanESM5) is a global
model developed to simulate historical climate change and variability, to
make centennial-scale projections of future climate, and to ...produce
initialized seasonal and decadal predictions. This paper describes the model
components and their coupling, as well as various aspects of model
development, including tuning, optimization, and a reproducibility strategy.
We also document the stability of the model using a long control simulation,
quantify the model's ability to reproduce large-scale features of the
historical climate, and evaluate the response of the model to external
forcing. CanESM5 is comprised of three-dimensional atmosphere (T63 spectral
resolution equivalent roughly to 2.8∘) and ocean (nominally 1∘) general
circulation models, a sea-ice model, a land surface scheme, and explicit
land and ocean carbon cycle models. The model features relatively coarse
resolution and high throughput, which facilitates the production of large
ensembles. CanESM5 has a notably higher equilibrium climate sensitivity
(5.6 K) than its predecessor, CanESM2 (3.7 K), which we briefly discuss, along
with simulated changes over the historical period. CanESM5 simulations
contribute to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6)
and will be employed for climate science and service applications in Canada.
This review article is an effort to analyze the status of medicinal plants research in Pakistan. According to an estimate, about 6000 plant species are present in Pakistan of which about 700 have ...medicinal importance. The majority of the local population in Pakistan depends on therapeutic plants. Various Pakistani institutes are conducting research on medical plants. Pakistan is at the center of the international herbal market. The Pakistan position in the international herbal market in import is 9th and in export is 10th. In 2002 the market value of therapeutic and aromatic plants sold globally was estimated at 62 billion US$, and 2018 it had increased to 131.4 billion. This means medicinal plants are the income source for people, and if the medicinal flora is not managed properly, this may result in habitat destruction, as well as species extinction. For ex-situ conservation of medicinal plants, the Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan is working with universities to establish botanical gardens. The government also needs to take steps to enforce stricter laws for conservation, to find sustainable ways to harvest medicinal plants from the wild, to educate native collectors in suitable collection methods, to train the local community how to grow therapeutic herbs, and to eliminate the middle-men from the trading chain.
Prospection, or thinking about the future, is currently a topic of significant interdisciplinary research interest. Episodic foresight is considered a complex form of prospection that enables people ...to generate mental models of future scenarios with which to guide actions. In this article, we systematically review the available episodic foresight measurement instruments. PubMed and PsycInfo were searched through July, 2017 and manual searches of published reviews and snowball searches of included studies were also performed. The initial search yielded 970 records after the removal of duplicates, of which 363 underwent full-text screening. Studies that did not measure the imagination of future scenarios in adult humans, or that were not reported in English, were excluded. The review consists of 303 articles classified into two broad categories, content measures and generation measures, that were further subdivided into one or more of six subcategories: (i) phenomenology (60%); (ii) examination (49%); (iii) fluency (12%); (iii) reaction time (12%); sentence completion (5%); and thought sampling (2%). We catalogue the available instruments in these sections, and provide a summary overview of each category. Following phenomenological measures, the adapted Autobiographical Interview and measures of specificity were the most frequently used instruments. We conclude that none of the available instruments have been appropriately validated for use, and therefore suggest caution with the use of any of the included measures. The development of behavioural measures designed to capture degrees of episodic foresight ability in functionally relevant contexts among humans would provide a major advance over the currently available instruments.
The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the Grade Point Average (GPA) of graduates of social majors of National Technical University «Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute» ...(Ukraine) with results of the entrance assessment, learning motivation (educational and cognitive, professional motives and motives for creative self-realization), achievement motivation, perception of teacher leadership. The research was conducted during 2018-2020, calculations were made for a total of 502 respondents with using the correlation and regression analysis. Results of the study demonstrate a significant correlation between the level of academic success and the level of educational and cognitive motivation of graduates (r=0,644, р<0,01). A less strong connection was found between GPA of graduates and results of the entrance examination (r= 0,502, р<0,01). The weakest, albeit statistically significant, relationship is between GPA variables and students’ perception of teacher leadership (r=0.160, p<0.01), as well as between GPA and motives for creative self-realization (r=0,139, р<0,01). The article also carried out a correlation analysis for groups of students by level of education, form of study, majors and gender of respondents. Obtained results are discussed from the point of view of improving the procedure for selecting applicants for admission to the University and improving the educational process.
Based on early experiences and current conditions, a future time perspective influences college students' behaviors, while psychological violence critically threatens college students' health. This ...study explored the relationship between a future time perspective and the psychological violence of perpetrators based on an online investigation of 1424 college students (87.1% women) aged 17 to 31 in China. The results showed that a future time perspective is significantly positively associated with psychological violence. Positive future orientation is negatively associated with psychological violence. Negative and confused future orientations are positively associated with psychological violence. These findings support the need to introduce an intervention regarding a future time perspective to reduce psychological violence among college students.
We use big data methods to investigate how decision-making might depend on future sightedness (that is, on how far into the future people’s thoughts about the future extend). In study 1, we establish ...a link between future thinking and decision-making at the population level in showing that US states with citizens having relatively far future sightedness, as reflected in their tweets, take fewer risks than citizens in states having relatively near future sightedness. In study 2, we analyze people’s tweets to confirm a connection between future sightedness and decision-making at the individual level in showing that people with long future sightedness are more likely to choose larger future rewards over smaller immediate rewards. In study 3, we show that risk taking decreases with increases in future sightedness as reflected in people’s tweets. The ability of future sightedness to predict decisions suggests that future sightedness is a relatively stable cognitive characteristic. This implication was supported in an analysis of tweets by over 38,000 people that showed that future sightedness has both state and trait characteristics (study 4). In study 5, we provide evidence for a potential mechanism by which future sightedness can affect decisions in showing that far future sightedness can make the future seem more connected to the present, as reflected in how people refer to the present, past, and future in their tweets over the course of several minutes. Our studies show how big data methods can be applied to naturalistic data to reveal underlying psychological properties and processes.
PDF
