Within economics, game theory occupied a rather isolated niche in the 1960s and 1970s. It was pursued by people who were known specifically as game theorists and who did almost nothing but game ...theory, while other economists had little idea what game theory was. Game theory is now a standard tool in economics. Contributions to game theory are made by economists across the spectrum of fields and interests, and economists regularly combine work in game theory with work in other areas. Students learn the basic techniques of game theory in the first-year graduate theory core. Excitement over game theory in economics has given way to an easy familiarity. This essay first examines this transition, arguing that the initial excitement surrounding game theory has dissipated not because game theory has retreated from its initial bridgehead, but because it has extended its reach throughout economics. Next, it discusses some key challenges for game theory, including the continuing problem of dealing with multiple equilibria, the need to make game theory useful in applications, and the need to better integrate noncooperative and cooperative game theory. Finally it considers the current status and future prospects of game theory.
An expert conference on Dengue in Africa was held in Accra, Ghana, in February 2013 to consider key questions regarding the possible expansion of dengue in Africa. Four key action points were ...highlighted to advance our understanding of the epidemiology of dengue in Africa. First, dengue diagnostic tools must be made more widely available in the healthcare setting in Africa. Second, representative data need to be collected across Africa to uncover the true burden of dengue. Third, established networks should collaborate to produce these types of data. Fourth, policy needs to be informed so the necessary steps can be taken to provide dengue vector control and health services.
In physics, the temporal dimension has units of infinitesimally brief duration. Given this, how is it possible to perceive things, such as motion, music, and vibrotactile stimulation, that involve ...extension across many units of time? To address this problem, it is proposed that there is what is termed an “information construct of happening” (ICOH), a simultaneous representation of recent, temporally differentiated perceptual information on the millisecond time scale. The main features of the ICOH are (i) time marking, semantic labeling of all information in the ICOH with ordinal temporal information and distance from what is informationally identified as the present moment, (ii) vector informational features that specify kind, direction, and rate of change for every feature in a percept, and (iii) connectives, information relating vector informational features at adjacent temporal locations in the ICOH. The ICOH integrates products of perceptual processing with recent historical information in sensory memory on the subsecond time scale. Perceptual information about happening in informational sensory memory is encoded in semantic form that preserves connected semantic trails of vector and timing information. The basic properties of the ICOH must be supported by a general and widespread timing mechanism that generates ordinal and interval timing information and it is suggested that state‐dependent networks may suffice for that purpose. Happening, therefore, is perceived at a moment and is constituted by an information structure of connected recent historical information.
Abstract
This study of first year high-school students in South Australia focussed on the effectiveness of using an innovative project-based mathematics strategy to improve the classroom learning ...environment and the student outcomes of enjoyment, academic efficacy and achievement. As well, we investigated the differential effectiveness of project-based mathematics for male and female students. A sample of 284 students from a co-educational private secondary school provided quantitative data about classroom learning environment as assessed with seven scales from the What Is Happening In this Class? (WIHIC), together with data about the three student outcomes assessed with one scale each. Our study also included a mixed-method design involving qualitative information collected through classroom observations and interviews with 20 students and 3 teachers to explain patterns emerging from the analysis of quantitative data.
Whither game theory? Fudenberg, Drew; Levine, David K
The Journal of economic perspectives,
10/2016, Volume:
30, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Game theory has been a huge success in economics. Many important questions have been answered, and game theoretic methods are now central to much economic investigation. We suggest areas where ...further advances are important, and argue that models of learning are a promising route for improving and widening game theory's predictive power while preserving the successes of game theory where it already works well. We emphasize in particular the need for better understanding of the speed with which learning takes place.
Filmische Seitenblicke Hermann Kappelhoff, Christine Lötscher, Daniel Illger / Hermann Kappelhoff, Christine Lötscher, Daniel Illger
2018, 2018-11-19, Volume:
7
eBook
Open access
Did 1968 fail? The question is misstated. For the significance and consequences of ’68 cannot be captured in a coherent narrative. That year appears as the point of culmination of a set of highly ...heterogeneous cultural, social, and political phenomena. Cinema, with its classics and gems to be (re-)discovered, proves to be a kaleidoscope that lets us perceive the fractures and contradictions of ’68.
Il presente contributo intende reinterpretare la nozione di performativo nell’ambito dei tentativi di ontologia dell’arte del modernismo americano di metà Novecento. Vorrebbe anzitutto sottolineare ...il ruolo anticipatore di certa critica d’arte – si pensa nella fattispecie a Clement Greenberg ma soprattutto a Harold Rosenberg – nel riconoscere il portato teorico del concetto e la sua incidenza nell’evoluzione del fatto artistico contemporaneo.Si analizzeranno nello specifico gli aspetti che coinvolgono il versante della performance nella concezione di opera d’arte modernista, ora secondo Rosenberg (per cui è conseguenza inevitabile della pittura d’azione cristallizzata in un ‘quadro-arena’), ora secondo Greenberg (che lo tratteggia in negativo come svalutazione dell’autodeterminazione del quadro che si fa ‘quadro-medium’).Si proseguirà poi verificando gli effetti del passaggio del performativo dal quadro all’ambiente e all’evento puro, prendendo a esempio la teoria dell’happening e della non-arte di Allan Kaprow, e la si confronterà con le precedenti.I risultati di tale ricognizione condurranno all’ipotesi che il performativo rappresenti, allo stesso tempo, una soglia della teoria dell’immagine modernista e una svolta verso il postmodernismo.
We investigated differences between field-study classrooms and traditional science classrooms in terms of the learning environment and students' attitudes to science, as well as the differential ...effectiveness of field-study classrooms for students differing in sex and English proficiency. A modified version of selected scales from the What Is Happening In this Class? questionnaire was used to assess the learning environment, whereas students' attitudes were assessed with a shortened version of a scale from the Test of Science Related Attitudes. A sample of 765 grade 5 students from 17 schools responded to the learning environment and attitude scales in terms of both their traditional science classrooms and classrooms at a field-study centre in Florida. Large effect sizes supported the effectiveness of the field-studies classroom in terms of both the learning environment and student attitudes. Relative to the home school science class, the field-study class was considerably more effective for students with limited English proficiency than for native English speakers. Author abstract
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