Nighttime Blum, Alan
Imaginative Structure of the City,
05/2003
Book Chapter
In this chapter‚ I take up the question of the relationship of night to the city. On the one hand‚ night has evoked an aura of ferocity and unruliness personified in the notion of “the last ...frontier.” On the other hand‚ a rousing nightlife is considered to be an essential amenity of a modern city and a twenty-four-hour city is often thought to be the sine qua non of cosmopolitanism. In fact‚ the availability of coffee‚ considered in the last chapter‚ and of a nightlife‚ considered here‚ are typically treated together as marks of the up-to-date city of today. This
Twentieth-Century Odysseus Belmont, David E.
The Classical journal (Classical Association of the Middle West and South),
11/1966, Volume:
62, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Proponents of socialist or centrally planned economies often assert that their systems of resource allocation and utilization banish the great scourge of capitalist economic organization, ...unemployment. The probable truth of this assertion is examined in this brief discussion. In general, its author finds in the absence of market-determined prices in allocating labor that the probability of full employment in socialist economies is small. (Author's abstract courtesy EBSCO.)
Chaucer and Cato Hazelton, Richard
Speculum,
07/1960, Volume:
35, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Chaucer's knowledge of Cato has received the passing attention of several scholars who have concerned themselves with investigation of the poet's learning, and most of his borrowings from the ...distichs are noted in scholarly editions. But heretofore no attempt has been made to study in detail the nature of Chaucer's relationship to the book that doubtless provided him, as it did all other literate men of his era, not only with training in Latin but with an introduction to ethics. For the ethica Catonis, like other grammar school texts, served a purpose beyond mere language training. The material of the book, as all the glossators point out, is the four cardinal virtues. The intention of the author is “non solummodo filium suum virtutibus instruere et morigeratum reddere, sed omnes alios quos criminibus et peccatis subditos obnoxosque cognoscit exorbitare.” As for its usefulness, “Utilitas est ut perlecto libro capiamus per intelligentiam quod actor tradit per doctrinam, et animum nostrum ab erronea via vel operibus revertentes, ad honestam vitam deducamus, ita quod ad eternam vitam pervenire valeamus.” Those who “heard” the book of Cato (not “Dionysius Cato,” as he is frequently and erroneously called by modern writers) were exposed also to a commentary — represented in the manuscripts by a relatively standardized set of glossulae — that not only Christianized the pagan precepts but also established them within the system referred to as the moralis sciencia, a system founded on the four cardinal virtues, which the Christian culture of the Middle Ages also inherited from the pagan world and made its own.
In the second place, his primary lens for focusing images of work in specific plays and the values they carry is provided by assumptions about the mix of social classes attending plays and their ...different takes on labor and about the audiences adult and children's companies were trying to attract. Memorable sections of this book include Rutter's argument in chapter 5 that the playwrights of the children's companies in private theaters were interested in excluding manual laborers from their audiences. ...the scenes that show the rehearsals for Bottom's play . . . emphasize the labour that has gone into the performance audiences are watching" (50).
