Artistic Liberties is a landmark study of the illustrations that originally accompanied now-classic works of American literary realism and the ways editors, authors, and illustrators vied for ...authority over the publications. Though today, we commonly read major works of nineteenth-century American literature in unillustrated paperbacks or anthologies, many of them first appeared as magazine serials, accompanied by ample illustrations that sometimes made their way into the serials’ first printings as books. The graphic artists creating these illustrations often visually addressed questions that the authors had left for the reader to interpret, such as the complexions of racially ambiguous characters in Uncle Tom’s Cabin . The artists created illustrations that depicted what outsiders saw in Huck and Jim in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn , rather than what Huck and Jim learned to see in one another. These artists even worked against the texts on occasion—for instance, when the illustrators reinforced the same racial stereotypes that writers such as Paul Laurence Dunbar had intended to subvert in their works. Authors of American realism commonly submitted their writing to editors who allowed them little control over the aesthetic appearance of their work. In his groundbreaking Artistic Liberties , Adam Sonstegard studies the illustrations from these works in detail and finds that the editors employed illustrators who were often unfamiliar with the authors’ intentions and who themselves selected the literary material they wished to illustrate, thereby taking artistic liberties through the tableaux they created. Sonstegard examines the key role that the appointed artists played in visually shaping narratives—among them Mark Twain’s Pudd’nhead Wilson , Stephen Crane’s The Monster , and Edith Wharton’s The House of Mirth —as audiences tended to accept their illustrations as guidelines for understanding the texts. In viewing these works as originally published, received, and interpreted, Sonstegard offers a deeper knowledge not only of the works, but also of the realities surrounding publication during this formative period in American literature.
This is a book about Roman comedy, ancient theatre imagery, and seven medieval illustrated manuscripts of Terence's six Latin comedies. These manuscript illustrations, made between 800 and 1200, ...enabled their medieval readers to view these comedies as "mirrors of life".
Researchers thinking about visual evidence in the legal system address quite a variety of empirical questions but share an absorption in the ways in which the evidentiary problem is rooted in the ...blurring of genres. The blurring is plural: between illustration and proof, between interpretation and requiring an interpretation, between knowledge and perception, and between argument and evidence. Because genres are an intimate and essential part of the functioning of legal processes, such blurrings in turn problematize long-standing practices and the design of governance processes. Their findings are important theoretically, as well, in three ways. They show that the model of fact production processes must begin a step earlier than does the Lockean model of the fact upon which “western” and “modern” society and “science” have relied. The model must continue on beyond where Locke and those who think about the social construction of reality, such as Berger and Luckmann, stop. And “contextual” matters such as warranting, provenance, and authority must be incorporated into our model of the information production chain itself. In combination, what we are learning from research on visual evidence is thus not only invaluable for addressing the profound real-world problems identified by the authors assembled by Sandra Ristovska in this special issue of First Monday and others, but for our understanding of challenges being presented to the nature of governance itself both within and beyond the formal legal system.
The Generic Mapping Tools Version 6 Wessel, P.; Luis, J. F.; Uieda, L. ...
Geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems : G3,
November 2019, 2019-11-00, 20191101, Volume:
20, Issue:
11
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) software is ubiquitous in the Earth and ocean sciences. As a cross‐platform tool producing high‐quality maps and figures, it is used by tens of thousands of scientists ...around the world. The basic syntax of GMT scripts has evolved very slowly since the 1990s, despite the fact that GMT is generally perceived to have a steep learning curve with many pitfalls for beginners and experienced users alike. Reducing these pitfalls means changing the interface, which would break compatibility with thousands of existing scripts. With the latest GMT version 6, we solve this conundrum by introducing a new “modern mode” to complement the interface used in previous versions, which GMT 6 now calls “classic mode.” GMT 6 defaults to classic mode and thus is a recommended upgrade for all GMT 5 users. Nonetheless, new users should take advantage of modern mode to make shorter scripts, quickly access commonly used global data sets, and take full advantage of the new tools to draw subplots, place insets, and create animations.
Plain Language Summary
The Generic Mapping Tools software is widely used in Earth and ocean sciences to process data and make maps and illustrations. This new version simplifies usage, adds quick access to key data sets, and provides a tool for making scientific animations.
Key Points
A new version of the Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) is released
A new modern mode, complementing the existing classic mode, greatly simplifies GMT scripting
Easy access to remote data sets and advanced animation building facilitate science communication
Atlas of fiberoptic bronchoscopy Mahesh, P
Indian Journal of Medical Research,
11/2016, Volume:
144, Issue:
5
Journal Article, Book Review
Peer reviewed
Open access
The next chapter describes the cleaning, disinfection and sterilization of the bronchoscopes and other accessories, knowledge of which is vital for the bronchoscopist to prevent contamination of ...their instrument and nosocomial transmission of infections especially during bronchoscopic procedures in patients who are positive for HIV or hepatitis. The last two sections discuss the two most important specimen collection procedures for diagnostic FOB, the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and the transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) in detail. The last two chapters deal with an extensive collection of case reports of both benign and malignant pulmonary diseases from the author's own collection of more than 2000 bronchoscopies.
Between 1791 and 1799 Swiss painter Henry Fuseli turned Milton's Paradise Lost into a series of 40 pictures that were exhibited in London in 1799 and 1800. Starting from Fuseli's adaptation, Calè ...analyses how visual practices impact on the act of reading and calls into question the separation of reading and viewing as autonomous aesthetic practices.
This study investigates the developing directions of fashion illustration and the potentialfor fashion illustration with Chinese elements in the Chinese market. Experts in this areabelieve that ...contemporary fashion illustration faces a huge challenge from fashionphotography and that the future of fashion illustration is within digital imagery. Thisresearch firstly focuses on the role of fashion illustration in commercial advertisements,and considers whether the future direction of fashion illustration is more likely todevelop as an attractive art form in fashion promotion rather than taking the place offashion photography. Secondly, this paper discusses the feasibility of integratingnational culture into fashion illustration through theoretical and practical aspects – acombined approach which is of increasing value to fashion illustration. When applyingfashion illustration in transnational promotions, the addition of cultural concepts is ashortcut to get closer to consumers in a specific target market; it helps to meet theaesthetics of local customers and achieve the commercial demands of the market. Thisresearch focuses on integrating contemporary fashion illustration with Chineseelements, and develops the process of drawing into a creative thinking mode.The investigation starts with research on redefining fashion illustration and analysingthe evolution of fashion illustration, particularly in the Chinese context. Through thecollection and analysis of images, the overview of Chinese fashion illustration in thisresearch fills the gap in materials relating to the history and development of fashionillustration in China. Furthermore, the discussion of Chinese elements and the currentsituation of contemporary fashion illustration ensures that the basis of the practicalwork is credible. Information gathered from the interviews and questionnaires is usefulthroughout the research. A collection of practical illustrations is then drawn anddeveloped, based upon earlier findings. The concept of the 24 Solar Terms – a traditionalChinese lunar calendar that divides a year into 24 time periods – establishes the frameof the practical work. Therefore, there are 24 pieces of illustration included in thecollection. Furthermore, various Chinese elements and cultural concepts, which are related to the chosen fashion brands and fashion products, offer references andinspirations and enhance the illustrations’ connotations and value to illustrators andmarketers. The feedback from the questionnaire confirms the outcome of this research:that to create fashion illustrations with Chinese elements in a modernised way, whichare adaptable to the fashion market, has great value and potential.
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