The industrial heritage of a region, understood as the productive tissue consisting of facilities already in disuse, can become a powerful focus of tourist attraction. The visit to certain places ...where industrial and mining activities were once thriving is included in the so- called Cultural Tourism. For the visitor is a trip through time and, also these now closed facilities experience a "second life" that allows the revitalization of the economy in the surrounding area. Thus, in the region of the Valley of the river Alto Guadiato, located in the North of the province of Cordova, there are many places with charm, witnesses of the once dynamic industrial activity and mining, during the nineteen and twenty centuries. Another key element is also the railway heritage, composed of many locomotives, wagons, tents and green paths (included in the national census of Green Paths). In recent times, it has been detected a progressive increase in the concern for the preservation of the area's mining heritage, both as a public-private initiative; as clear evidence of this trend is the increase of projects for the enhancement of this heritage. Among the latest initiatives, you can highlight the layout of various industrial tourist routes in the region, which constitute an important incentive for the potential visitor and, also, these contribute to the development of a sustainable local tourism.
El patrimonio industrial de una región, entendido como el tejido productivo formado por instalaciones ya en desuso, puede llegar a constituir un potente foco de atracción turística. La visita a determinados lugares donde se desarrollaron actividades relacionadas con el sector productivo es una fórmula más de turismo cultural. Para el turista supone realizar un viaje a través el tiempo y, por otro lado, las instalaciones clausuradas experimentan una “segunda vida” que permite la dinamización de la economía de la zona. En la comarca del Valle del Alto Guadiato, al norte de la provincia de Córdoba, se hallan numerosos lugares con encanto, testigos de la potente actividad fabril y minera en la zona durante los siglos XIX y XX. Asimismo, otra pieza clave es el patrimonio ferroviario, compuesto por numerosas locomotoras, vagones, casetas y Vías Verdes (incluidas en el Censo Nacional de Vías Verdes). En los últimos tiempos se ha detectado un incremento progresivo en la preocupación por la preservación del patrimonio minero-industrial de la zona –tanto por iniciativa privada como pública–, que queda patente en el aumento de proyectos para la puesta en valor de dicho patrimonio. Entre las últimas iniciativas, puede destacarse el trazado de diversas rutas turísticas industriales en la comarca, que constituyen un importante aliciente para el potencial visitante y, al mismo tiempo, contribuyen al desarrollo de un turismo local sostenible.
Kenya railway represents the earliest direct interaction between Kenya and the industrial revolution of the 18th and 19th centuries. It came to Kenya in 1895 after it had successfully opened up many ...parts of the world and has since then been a key mode of transport for over 100 years. This entrenches the railway as part of Kenya's heritage as it has impacted many aspects of the sociocultural and economic spheres of life. This study identifies the industrial heritage associated with the railway and explores the state of conservation of its artefacts and machines, and the risks associated with their preservation. The study concludes that industrial heritage is not clearly defined and no legal framework specifically targets this heritage for conservation. Further, the heritage has only been haphazardly conserved, with no clear vision of management, documentation and preservation, and no resources are allocated to a conservation strategy other than the 'minimalist approach' adopted by the Railway Museum. The level of sensitization is low and the public is not informed and/or associated to the conservation needs of this heritage. Advocacy, sensitisation and thorough interventive and preventive conservation practices are some of the viable ways of saving the heritage from imminent loss.
The Petrila Coal Mine closed on October 30, 2015, and was slated to be demolished by January 2016 after more than 150 years of mining history. The company proposed no alternatives and made the ...decision to close the mine without any consultation with the local community. In 2011, however, after learning about the fate of the mine, a local artist and a team of architects initiated a series of projects offering alternatives to demolition. This article shows the complicated emotional relationship between the local inhabitants and the mine, as well as the dysfunctional communication between community, NGOs, and the local and central authorities. In a broader discussion of the neglected Romanian industrial legacy, it depicts how industrial heritage has made alternative scenarios an unavoidable topic of debate.
The industrial architecture of the 19th and 20th century offers various ways in which it can be studied from the point of view of modern architectural history. In the same time, this notion is shared ...just by a small number of experts – historians, architects or art his-torians – and the subject of industrial heritage stays to a large extent a domain of civic acti-vism. The growing interest of civic associations is driven by an outrage of rapid demolition of a number of key historical industrial sites in Bratislava in the recent past. In the contrast to the public interest, the expert research of industrial heritage might seem as less effective and understandable. The aim of this paper is to highlight the importance of existing expert research in a connection with interdisciplinary methods that are not yet developed sufficiently. The interdisciplinary team-work has to be done both on the level of official state heritage protection policies and civic activism, as it is confirmed also via contemporary international heritage discourse.
Industrial heritage valorizations are usually characterized by two pervasive trends: Firstly, there is an understandable, but extremely narrow, focus on national histories of industrialization, thus ...excluding what has always been a constitutive element of any industrialization path after the initial industrial revolution in England: transboundary flows of hardware, capital, knowledge, people or power. Secondly, there is an almost exclusive concentration on the individual achievements of entrepreneurs, engineers and architects in times of peace and industrial progress. Current industrial heritage valorizations only rarely adequately reflect the other side of industrialization phases or patterns, that is, their disquieting stories of war, occupation, other forms of imposed foreign influence, disasters, social unrest and the suffering of individuals or groups triggered by, or leading to, crises, failures, relocations and destruction. Taking these blind spots as its starting point, this paper explores more inclusive ways of representing industrial heritage. Based on the concept of geo-historically entangled processes of transnationalization and case studies from Germany and China, the authors argue that the industrial landscapes reflect both former and current transboundary industrialization processes representing two or more nations' painful and dissonant, but common, heritage. This should be mirrored more appropriately and consistently in industrial heritage tourism approaches and interpretation strategies.
This article analyzes an olive oil mill formed of four conical stones used in the milling of the olive. To this end, a study of computer-aided engineering (CAE) was carried out using the parametric ...software Autodesk Inventor Professional, consisting of a static analysis using the finite-element method (FEM) of the three-dimensional (3D) model of the mill under real operating conditions. The results obtained revealed that the conical stones mill was a very robust machine. When studying the assembly in the most unfavorable situation (blockage of one of its millstones), we observed that the element with the highest von Mises stress was the bearing nut, reaching a value of 263.9 MPa, which was far from the elastic limit of cast iron (758 MPa). On the other hand, the machine hardly presented any equivalent deformations or displacements that could jeopardize the operation as a whole. The maximum displacement obtained was 2.494 mm in the inertia flywheel, and the equivalent deformations did not reach 0.1% of the part dimension. Similarly, the element with the lowest safety coefficient (2.87) was the same bearing nut with the highest von Mises stress, although the next element with the second lowest safety coefficient had a value of 8.69, which showed that the set was clearly oversized. These results demonstrate the convenience of redesigning the set in order to resize some of its elements, and that they could have lower safety coefficients of between 2 and 4. After an initial analysis, the resizable elements would fundamentally be those related to the movement transmission system and the frame structure.
This article analyzes a large tower press used to press crushed olives to obtain olive oil. To this end, a study of computer-aided engineering (CAE) was carried out using the parametric software ...Autodesk Inventor Professional, consisting of a static analysis using the finite-element method (FEM) of the 3D model of the press under real operating conditions. The tower press has been analyzed in two limit positions: in the rest position, supported on two pillars, and the pressing position, supported on the set of filter discs (basket load) called ‘cargo de capachos’ that contained the previously ground olives. In the first position, static analysis revealed that the maximum von Mises stress was 22.7 MPa, located on the axle of the roller, but this is far from the elastic limit. Moreover, the lowest safety coefficient is 11.16, produced in the contact between the tower and the right pillar and well above the optimal range between 2 and 4. On the other hand, it hardly presents equivalent displacements or deformations that would endanger the operation of the set. The greatest displacement would be in the wooden guide (0.123 mm) and a deformation of 0.027% with respect to its length. These values confirm that, in this position, the tower press was clearly oversized. However, the results obtained regarding the second position are not entirely conclusive. Although the values of the displacements and the equivalent deformations are low, with results similar to those obtained in the first position, with a maximum displacement of 0.1315 mm located in the horizontal beam of the support structure and a maximum equivalent deformation of value 0.385%, located in the contact between the screw and the nut, the same does not happen with the von Mises stress. The software did not obtain a convergent result due to the frustoconical geometry of the bolt that joins the screw and nut, adopting a maximum value of 508.3 MPa. For this point, the safety coefficient is 1.49, which reveals a sizing problem with the proposed solution of resizing the screw thread, giving it more robustness. The rest of the elements work with a safety coefficient above 4.33 so they are also clearly oversized, according to current criteria.
Several organizations have been formed to promote the industrial heritage debate as a reaction to the common undervaluing of our industrial past and its importance to world cultural heritage. Some of ...these organizations proposed 2015 to be the European year of technical and industrial heritage and aim to increase awareness of this subject. Turkey's industrial heritage sites reflect a nationwide struggle that paralleled the modernization of the Republic; however, recent regeneration projects threaten what remains of this cultural history. This paper questions the various projects and works undertaken at Karabük industrial heritage site that have led to its gradual destruction and produced a code for gentrification. Karabük serves as a case study and helps to provide a context for this city and elsewhere in Turkey.
While railways are considered as a sign of development for countries, the railway structures are part of the industrial heritage of cities and comprise some of the most important urban public places. ...In Turkey, the Eskişehir railway buildings, constructed between 1886 and 1894, are at the west of the main railroad between the Enveriye and Eskişehir stations. They are also public places having strong resonance in the collective memory. Because of the fast development in technology, they face the threat of losing their function. Conservation of former industrial structures requires, first and foremost, identifying and documenting the distinctive features that makes them cultural heritage sites. It is a shared responsibility between public institutions and sectors to identify and protect the distinguishing features of industrial heritage sites. With this awareness, at the Anadolu University Architecture Department, integrated student work focused on the Railroad Roundhouse—built in 1896—and Staff Housing Quarters—built in the early 20th century—which are part of this district and embody a series of urban problems, was carried out over four academic semesters. This study focuses on historic railway buildings in the Eskişehir railway district that is known for its urban problems. An exhibition combining these student works was opened at the Railcar Repair Facility on 16 November 2017. This exhibition showcased the student involvement in history of Eskişehir and increased public awareness of cultural heritage.
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