Research Summary: Entrepreneurial ecosystems have recently emerged as a popular concept within entrepreneurship policy and practitioner communities. Specifically, they are seen as a regional economic ...development strategy that is based around creating supportive environments that foster innovative start‐ups. However, existing research on entrepreneurial ecosystems has been largely typological and atheoretical and has not yet explored how they influence the entrepreneurship process. This article critically examines the relationships between ecosystems and other existing literatures such as clusters and regional innovation systems. Drawing on this background, the article suggests that a process‐based view of ecosystems provides a better framework to understand their role in supporting new venture creation. This framework is used to explain the evolution and transformation of entrepreneurial ecosystems and to create a typology of different ecosystem structures.
Managerial Summary: Entrepreneurial ecosystems are a new buzzword within research and managerial circles. They represent the types of cultural, social, economic, and political environments within a region that support high‐growth entrepreneurship. But current research does little more than look at successful ecosystems to identify best practices. This article examines what we know about entrepreneurial ecosystems and links them with existing theories like clusters and regional innovation systems. We argue that successful and unsuccessful entrepreneurship within an ecosystem generates critical entrepreneurial resources like investment capital, skilled workers, and entrepreneurial knowledge. This, in turn, supports future high‐growth venture creation. The types of resources available in an ecosystem and the ability of these resources to flow through social networks helps separate strong, well‐functioning ecosystems from weak, poorly functioning ones.
This study investigates the sources of disruptive innovation. The disruptive innovation literature suggests that these do not originate from existing customers, in contrast to what is predicted by ...the user innovation literature. We compile a unique content-analytical dataset based on 60 innovations identified as disruptive by the disruptive innovation literature. Using multinomial and binomial regression, we find that 43% of the sample disruptive innovations were originally developed by users. Disruptive innovations are more likely to originate from users (producers) if the environment has high turbulence in customer preferences (technology). Disruptive innovations that involve high functional (technological) novelty tend to be developed by users (producers). Users are also more likely to be the source of disruptive process innovations and to innovate in environments with weaker appropriability. Our article forges new links between the disruptive and the user innovation literatures, and offers guidance to managers on the likely source of disruptive threats.
The purpose of this study is to examine the role of green transformational leadership (TL) that influences green product and process innovation. More specifically, drawing together from leadership ...and capability-based view, the present study views green dynamic capabilities (GDCs) as an important underlying mediating mechanism through which green TL prompts green innovation. It also examines the moderating role of environmental dynamism between green TL and GDCs. Data were collected from manufacturing SMEs using the convenience sampling technique at two points in time. PLS-SEM was utilised to perform the analysis. The results demonstrate that green TL has a significant direct and positive association with green product and process innovation. The results also show a positive effect of green TL on GDCs, and GDCs in turn promote green innovation. Furthermore, these findings suggest that environmental dynamism plays moderating role in the relationship between green TL and GDCs, which implies that green TL is more effective in determining GDCs under high environmental dynamism. The study contributes to theoretical and practical knowledge by elucidating the relationships among green TL and green product and process innovation, underscoring areas of managerial development that can affect sustainable product and process innovation, specifically in manufacturing SMEs industry.
Religion and Innovation Bénabou, Roland; Ticchi, Davide; Vindigni, Andrea
The American economic review,
05/2015, Volume:
105, Issue:
5
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
In earlier work we identified a robust negative association between religiosity and patents per capita, holding across countries as well as US states. In this paper we relate 11 indicators of ...individual openness to innovation (e.g., attitudes toward science and technology, new versus old ideas, change, risk taking, agency, imagination, and independence in children) to 5 measures of religiosity, including beliefs and attendance. We use five waves of the World Values Survey and control for sociodemographics, country and year fixed effects. Across the 52 regressions, greater religiosity is almost uniformly associated to less favorable views of innovation, with high significance.
Digital consumer innovations offer low-carbon alternatives to mainstream consumption practices. We contribute new insights on the importance of social influence in the uptake of digital consumer ...innovations for climate change across mobility, food, homes, and energy domains.
Using nationally representative UK survey data (n = 3007), we show that electronic word-of-mouth is the dominant mechanism of information exchange for strengthening adoption intentions. This finding is robust across 16 innovations from car clubs to 11th hour food apps. Other social influence mechanisms such as social norms and neighbourhood effects are as important only for highly visible innovations such as electric vehicles.
Using deep dive early adopter studies of ridesharing platforms, digital food hubs, and smart home technologies, we show that trust in digital platforms and place-based community networks are important characteristics affecting social influence. Social norms can help build trust, while word-of-mouth spreads positive information for locally salient innovations.
Policies stimulating innovation adoption tend to focus on purchase incentives. Opportunities to harness social influence processes remain unexploited. Our research emphasises the importance of digital skills and infrastructure for supporting these processes, social marketing for building positive norms, and community networks for enabling interpersonal exchange.
•Survey on wide range of low carbon digital consumer-facing innovations.•Deep dive studies on ride-sharing platforms, smart home technology and digital food hubs.•Social influences and innovation characteristics examined to understand diffusion.•Electronic word-of-mouth most important for increasing adoption propensity.•Policies identified which enable and encourage social influence mechanisms.
•We conduct a first empirical exploration of the relative efficiency of user vs. producer innovation.•Consumer users are the source of 87% of all significant innovations in 50 years of whitewater ...kayaking industry development.•We find users in aggregate to be 3× more efficient at developing “significant” innovations than producers in aggregate.•User consumers are more prolific and efficient product developers than producers in the early stages of the field.•Producers gain a more important role in product innovation and get more efficient as the field matures.
In this paper we report upon a first empirical exploration of the relative efficiency of innovation development by product users vs. product producers. In a study of over 50 years of product innovation in the whitewater kayaking field, we find users in aggregate were approximately 3× more efficient at developing important kayaking product innovations than were producers in aggregate. We speculate that this result is driven by what we term “efficiencies of scope” in problem-solving. These can favor an aggregation of many user innovators, each spending a little, over fewer producer innovators benefitting from higher economies of scale in product development. We also note that the present study explores only one initial point on what is likely to be a complex efficiency landscape.
•Use US inventor survey to analyze innovation from outside of formal R&D.•Develop the theory of learning and innovation in non-R&D.•Knowledge generality and visibility drive differences in R&D and ...non-R&D learning rates.•Incorporate non-R&D innovation into discussions of innovation management and policy.
“Intuition, judgment, creativity are basically expressions of capabilities for recognition and response based upon experience and knowledge (p. 128–129)” (Simon, 1997). Workers gain experience and knowledge in the course of their normal jobs. Therefore, innovative ideas can be generated from knowledge built from learning opportunities across the firm (not just the R&D lab). Employees working for different functions (R&D and outside of R&D) in an organization have different work practices and build their learning through different processes. Moreover, the relative effectiveness of learning by different work practices for innovation is contingent on the nature of knowledge, characterized by generality (i.e., high mobility/transferability) and visibility (i.e., tighter links between actions and outcomes). Using multiple datasets combining public and private data and focusing on births of innovations, this study shows how the nature of knowledge affects differences in the innovation productivity of R&D and non-R&D work. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of these insights for innovation management and policy.
The energy industry is facing substantial challenges that require the fostering of innovation. In this paper we analyse the main drivers of R&D investment and obstacles to innovation in this ...industry. We examine, firstly, whether the stated R&D objectives pursued by firms play a role in their R&D effort. Secondly, we analyse the effects of financial, knowledge and market barriers on the innovation outcomes of the firms. The data is taken from the Technological Innovation Panel (PITEC) for Spanish firms for the period 2004–2010. We use a structural model with three equations corresponding to the decision to carry out R&D or not, the R&D effort, and the production of innovations. The results of the econometric estimations show, first, that R&D intensity is positively related to process innovation. Second, the main barriers that hamper innovation in the energy industry are related to market factors while financial and knowledge obstacles are not significant.
•Firm size matters for R&D engagement but not for intensity in the energy industry.•R&D effort is related to objectives oriented to process innovation and efficiency.•Main barrier hampering innovation is market dominance of incumbents.•Financial constraints are not an obstacle to innovation in the energy industry.•Uncertainty of demand does not hamper innovation in new energy services.
The world economy has been confronting low economic growth for several years. Many experts agree that concepts such as openness, convergence, and creation of new market demand through new emerging ...technologies (e.g. Internet of Things, big data, and Artificial Intelligence) may solve the current economic crisis throughout the world. When these concepts are linked to a network, the law of increasing returns will come true. As the issue of the 4th industrial revolution mentioned in the 2016 World Economic Forum is similar, the enlargement of open innovation and convergence will lead to a new dynamic economy and sustainable development.
PDF
