The main goal of this article is to clarify the nature of criminal proceedings and its relationship to civil litigation, insolvency and tax proceedings. The understanding of the purpose of the ...proceedings, the nature of the liability fulfilled in the proceedings and the principles on which the proceeding is based can facilitate the investigation of economic crime by the prosecuting authorities. The results of the work lead to the conclusion that key factors are the purposes of each proceedings and differences in the principles by which they are governed. But legal norms are not always unambiguous - for instance, in the issue of the so-called punitive damages, the relationship between collateral proceedings and insolvency proceedings or the nature of penalties under Art. 251 of the Tax Code.
The main aim of this paper is to quantify students’ learning outcomes from a pilot project inspired by Mock trials developed in the USA and applied into the Czech system of law education of students ...of business disciplines. The pilot project involved a simulation of insolvency proceedings where the students played roles of various participants. The learning outcomes were evaluated in accordance to Bloom’s taxonomy of learning objectives and findings support previous studies on this topic. Our results generally confirm the findings of various studies saying that the teaching of basic concepts and terminology is more effective in the form of lectures and that main simulation as a pedagogy outcomes are in the affective and psychomotor domains. However, the differences in cognitive results of our students are very small as measured by an anonymous final test, which suggests that there are more factors to be considered and further studied. The results also show that the students prefer the simulation method to the traditional lectures and perceive it as an efficient learning experience with long‑term impact on their learning as well as attitudes and skills. Such a study has not been done in the Czech environment and the findings enrich both business and law education theory and practice.
This paper deals with those provisions of the new EU Regulation No. 2015/848 on Insolvency Proceedings (Recast) that create a system of national insolvency registers and establish a decentralized ...system for the interconnection of such registers by means of the European e-Justice Portal.
In this paper we will present the notion of Center of Main Interests (COMI) of a debtor in the insolvency proceedings at the European Union level in the light of EU Regulation No. 1346 / 29.05.2000 ...and the EU Regulation No. 848 / 20.05.2015 with constant reference to the European jurisprudence. The concept of center of main interests of a debtor has a particular importance in the cross border bankruptcy cases as its location determines the court which is competent to open the insolvency proceedings. Although at the European level adopting the EU Regulation No. 1346 / 29.05.2000 was considered a legislative progress in bankruptcy proceedings, in the end it had relatively few applications as it was unable to cover large factual aspects. The mentioned regulation was offering a rigid and abstract definition and interpretation of the COMI concept which resulted in important legal application divergences that lead in the end to a legislative reform. This legislative reform was concluded with the adoption of EU Regulation No. 848 / 20.5.2015.
U okviru insolvencijskih postupaka tj. postupaka kada dužnik nije trajnije sposoban na ispunjenje svih svojih dospjelih novčanih obveza, svaka od kategorije vjerovnika (privilegirani ili ...neprivilegirani), koji se u njemu mogu pojaviti, imaju identičan interes: zaštitu prava na ostvarenje svojih tražbina. Međutim, u okviru tog interesa, svaka od ovih kategorija ima različit zakonom utvrđen način njegovoga ostvarenja te položaj s kojeg djeluje. Cilj je rada analizirati poglavito pravni položaj jamca u već pokrenutom insolvencijskom postupku nad korporacijama (predstečajna nagodba i stečaj). Kompleksnost predmeta istraživanja i postavljeni zadaci uvjetovali su izbor metoda pa je u istraživanju korišten metodološki pristup koji obuhvaća proučavanje ne samo doktrinarnih izvora već i analizu odgovarajućih zakonskih propisa. U radu ćemo se ukratko osvrnuti na Uredbu Vijeća
(EZ) br.1346/2000., kao i na praksa Europskog suda za ljudska prava (ECHR) u postupcima prema čl. 1. Protokola br. 1 uz Europsku konvenciju za zaštitu ljudskih prava i temeljnih sloboda (tzv. Povreda
prava na mirno uživanje imovine) jer polazimo od pretpostavke da saznanja o ovome mogu biti ključna za razumijevanje problematike rada.
The insolvency instruments, in the framework of prevention of the crisis in the enterprise, it may be put forth toward the principles of efficiency and efficacy. Thus, its frame as mechanism which ...promote the competition between legal systems -which have enterprises in crisis- and markets. This point of view should be reviewed from the verification of objetive presupposition and also from the practical legitimacy and the participation of the creditors on the negotiation of the crisis.
RESUMEN: Los instrumentos concursales, en el marco de prevención de la crisis de la empresa, deben tender a los parámetros de eficacia y eficiencia. De este modo, se estructurarán como verdaderos mecanismos promotores de la competencia entre los ordenamientos -en particular entre los de la crisis de empresa- y los mercados. Para su entendiento, dicha perspectiva, debe ser revisada desde la constatación del presupuesto objetivo y, desde luego, sobre la legitimidad activa y participación de los acreedores en la negociación de la crisis.
This article deals with the interrelation between recast Brussels I Regulation and European Insolvency Regulation in respect of proceedings featuring connection with insolvency. It is essential to ...accommodate these proceedings within the scope of one or another regulation since it determines applicable jurisdictional rules and different possibilities for refusing the recognition or enforcement of a judgment. The article examines which type of actions could qualify as “deriving directly from the insolvency proceedings and which are closely linked to them” (annex proceedings) and therefore fall within European Insolvency Regulation. The possibility to invoke this regulation against third state defendants and exclusivity of jurisdiction in annex proceedings are also discussed.
Le nantissement de créance a longtemps été délaissé par les acteurs économiques en raison du régime juridique inadapté qui lui était applicable. Les dispositions concernant le nantissement de créance ...mises en place par l’ordonnance du 23 mars 2006 relative aux sûretés ont permis de rendre cette garantie attractive pour les créanciers grâce à l’élaboration d’un régime adapté, cohérent et souple.La pratique a toutefois révélé certaines incertitudes dues aux imprécisions des dispositions actuellement en vigueur, source d’un important contentieux et d’insécurité juridique pour les parties.Cette insécurité est accrue au moment où les créanciers ont besoin de s’assurer de l’efficacité de leur sûreté, c’est-à-dire en cas d’ouverture d’une procédure collective à l’encontre du constituant.En effet, l'évolution du droit des entreprises en difficulté a conduit à la mise en place d’une protection accrue du débiteur et une recherche de maintien de l'activité de l'entreprise. Afin de parvenir à cet objectif, les droits des créanciers sont considérablement restreints puisqu'ils sont soumis à une discipline collective et ne peuvent notamment plus poursuivre le paiement de leur créance, ni procéder à la réalisation de leur sûreté.Ainsi, l’étude du fonctionnement du nantissement de créance est nécessaire afin de déterminer si cette sûreté peut être efficace pour le créancier nanti si une procédure collective est ouverte à l’encontre du constituant.Il convient de démontrer que l’efficacité du nantissement de créance dépend des droits qu'il confère au créancier, tels que la notification de la sûreté et le droit exclusif au paiement de la créance nantie. Néanmoins, cette garantie ne trouvera réellement sa place parmi les sûretés les plus protectrices que si ces prérogatives lui sont reconnues également en cas de procédure collective.L'examen du fonctionnement du nantissement de créance et des droits qu'il confère permet de mettre en exergue la possibilité pour le créancier nanti d’exercer et de conserver son droit exclusif au paiement même après le jugement d'ouverture, ce qui confirme l'efficacité de cette sûreté.
Pledges over receivables have long been neglected by actors of the economy because of its inadequate legal system. But since the order from March 23rd, 2006 and the new provisions regarding security it implemented, the consistent, appropriate and flexible system has become more attractive for creditors.In practice however, the current provisions are too imprecise to reassure the involved parties who remain uncertain and insecure in their litigations.This uncertainty increases when creditors need to ensure that their security is efficient, i.e. when launching collective insolvency proceedings against the grantor.Indeed, the debtor has become more protected with each alteration of bankruptcy proceedings law which seeks to keep companies active. To that end, creditors’ rights have been greatly restricted: they are subjected to collective discipline and cannot continue paying their receivables.In this context, it appears necessary to study pledges over receivables to ascertain if said security can work for the secured creditor in case of collective insolvency proceedings against the grantor.We shall demonstrate that the efficiency of pledges over receivables depends directly on the rights it gives to the creditor, such as notifying the security and granting exclusive right of payment of the secured receivable. However, this guarantee can only become one of the most protecting securities if these rights are also granted in case of collective proceedings.By examining how pledges over receivables and the right they grant work, we can highlight the possibility for the secured creditor to exercise and keep their exclusive right of payment, even after the opening judgment; thus confirming the efficiency of the pledge over receivables.
This paper presents the attitude towards the phenomenon of forum shopping, in the light of the new EU Insolvency
Regulation 2015/848, applied to proceedings in respect of a debtor whose centre of ...main interests is locates in the Union, as
well as its effects, procedural and sustantive, on the persons and legal relations concerned, especially on the general body of
creditors.
The subject of this paper is to compare the Czech and Austrian legislation considering offenses which entrepreneurs and other entities (natural person) may commit within the insolvency proceedings or ...which are related to the insolvency. Emphasis is placed on the comparison of Czech and Austrian legislation with regard cross-border relationships within the business environment and living between the Czech Republic and Austria.Czech entrepreneurs and natural person in Austria can get into a situation where their debtor is located in Austria and finds himself insolvent or vice versa. Also the Czech entrepreneurs and natural person may do their bussines or live in Austria and may get into such a situation when they are close to the situation which can lead to their decline. This paper would be for them a practical recommendation on how to avoid potential criminal liability.
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