Is it possible to create a collective European identity? In this volume, leading scholars assess the link between collective identity construction in Europe and the multiple memory discourses that ...intervene in this construction process. The authors believe that the exposure of national collective memories to an enlarging communicative space within Europe affects the ways in which national memories are framed. Through this perspective, several case studies of East and West European memory discourses are presented. The first part of the volume elaborates how collective memory can be identified in the new Europe. The second part presents case studies on national memories and related collective identities in respect of European integration and its extension to the East. This timely work is the first to investigate collective identity construction on a pan-European scale and will be of interest to academics and postgraduate students of political sociology and European studies.
Klaus Eder is Professor of Sociology at the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. His publications include: 'Die Entstehung staatlich organisierter Gesellschaften' (Suhrkamp 1976), 'Geschichte als Lernprozeß? (Suhrkamp 1985), 'Die Vergesellschaftung der Natur (Suhrkamp 1988), 'The New Politics of Class (Sage 1993), 'The Social Construction of Nature' (Sage 1996). He has co-edited (with Bernd Giesen) European Citizenship (OUP 2001) and (with Crouch/Tambini) Citizenship, Markets, and the State (OUP 2001) and (with Kousis) Environmental Politics in Southern Europe (Kluwer 2001). He has coauthored (with Giesen/Schmidtke/Tambini) Collective Identities in Action (Ashgate 2002). Willfried Spohn, PD Dr., is adjunct professor in sociology at FU Berlin and is currently director of an EU research project 'Representations of Europe and the Nation in current and prospective member states - elites, media and civil society' at the European University Viadrina, Frankfurt-Odra. His recent publications are (with Steven Hanson): Can Europe Work? Germany and the Reconstruction of Postcommunist Societies, Seattle 1995; 'History and the Social Sciences,' International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behaviorial Sciences, London 2001; (with Anna Triandafyllidou): Europeanization, National Identities and Migration, London 2002, and 'Multiple Modernity, Nationalism and Religion - A Global Perspective,' in: U. Schuerkens (ed.), Global Forces and Local Life-Worlds, 2003.
Contents: National identities and collective memory in an enlarged Europe, Willfried Spohn. Collective Identities in Europe and European Identities: European self-understanding in the Twentieth Century, Hartmut Kaelble; East-European historical bequest en route to an integrated Europe, Jerzy Jedlicki; Global diaspora? European Jewish consciousness? Reflections on German Jewry and the postmodern debate, Y. Michal Bodemann. Europe, National Identities and Collective Memory in Western Europe: Re-modelling the boundaries in the New Europe: historical memories and contemporary identities in German-Polish relations, Oliver Schmidtke; Italy, EU-enlargement and the ’reinvention’ of Europe: between historical memories and present representations, Ilaria Favretto; Spain’s ’Special Solidarity’ with the East: the influence of collective memory on Spanish attitudes to EU enlargement, Pablo Jáuregui. Europe, National Identities and Collective Memory in Eastern Europe: NATO and Hungarian public opinion, András Kovács: Troublesome anniversary: the rise of the Czechoslovak Republic and its European fellows in Czech collective memory, Karel KubiÅ¡; Converting history into ’cultural treasure’ in post-1991 Kaliningrad: social transitions and the meaning of the past, Olga Sezneva. The Argument Revisited: Remembering national memories together: the formation of a transnational identity in Europe, Klaus Eder; Index.
Logistics channel is the lifeblood to ensure that logistics serves the circulation inside and outside the region, and to realize regional economic integration, it greatly contributes to the ...implementation of the national unified market strategy. As the government plays an important role in the construction of logistics channels, this paper further clarifies the effect of government participation and support policies by defining the role and functions of the government in the construction of logistics channels. Based on the evolutionary game theory, the paper reveals the equilibrium conditions of logistics channel construction under the market mechanism and government guidance under the assumption of bounded rationality. We construct an evolutionary game model among participating stakeholders, then study the evolutionary stability strategy of logistics channel participation behavior using the stability theorem for the model's differential equations. In order to explore the dynamic evolution process of both parties' choices under the two modes, we investigates the influence of the initial intention, cooperative income, cost proportion, penalty coefficient and construction cost of participating enterprises on both parties' strategic decisions under the market mechanism and government guidance modes through numerical simulation. We find that: (1) under the market mechanism and government guidance modes, there is a game equilibrium in the participation behavior of logistics enterprises in the national unified market, and that the conditions for realizing the equilibrium of cooperation among stakeholders under the guidance of the government are easier to meet; (2) The initial intentions of the two players in the game along the logistics channel influence each other, and government participation can change the effects of cooperative income, the penalty coefficient and construction cost on the system game strategy, which has a positive effect on the channel construction; (3) At the same time the simulation shows that the government's promotion effect has certain limitations, and the government should provide reasonable guidance to prevent enterprises from hindering the healthy development of logistics channels. This study provides a theoretical reference for the government and logistics enterprises, especially relying on logistics channels to support the regional coordination of national unified market development.
The French scholar Marc Abélès is one of the leading political and philosophical anthropologists of our time. He is perhaps the leading anthropologist writing on the state and globalization. Thinking ...beyond the State, a distillation of his work to date, is a superb introduction to his contributions to both anthropology and political philosophy.
Abélès observes that while interdependence and interconnection have become characteristic features of our globalized era, there is no indication that a concomitant evolution in thinking about political systems has occurred. The state remains the shield-for both the Right and the Left-against the turbulent effects of globalization. According to Abélès, we live in a geopolitical universe that, in many respects, reproduces alienating logics. His book, therefore, is a primer on how to see beyond the state. It is also a testament to anthropology's centrality and importance in any analysis of the global human predicament. Thinking beyond the State will find wide application in anthropology, political science and philosophy courses dealing with the state and globalization.
While return migration is receiving increasing attention, there is still insufficient insight into the factors which determine migrants' intentions and decisions to return. It is often assumed that ...integration in receiving countries and the concomitant weakening of transnational ties decreases the likelihood of returning. However, according to alternative theoretical interpretations, return migration can also be the outflow of successful integration in receiving countries. Drawing on a dataset of four African immigrant groups in Spain and Italy, this article reviews these conflicting hypotheses by assessing the effects of integration and transnational ties on return migration intentions. The results of the analysis suggest that sociocultural integration has a negative effect on return migration intentions, while economic integration and transnational ties have more ambiguous and sometimes positive effects. The results provide mixed support for the different hypotheses but question theoretical perspectives that unequivocally conceptualize return migration and transnationalism as causes and/or consequences of "integration failure."
The paper focuses on a critical issue of ensuring food security for countries that are members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), which is especially important given the transformation of the ...global food market in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The research aims (1) to assess the possibility of creating a single food market of the EAEU and (2) to identify the difficulties faced by the Siberian agricultural sector in addressing food security issues and export development. The paper presents the results of the study concerning the development of trade and economic cooperation between the Siberian Federal District (SFD) of the Russian Federation and the EAEU countries with regard to the agricultural market. Based on the statistical analysis of national data, we examined the particular aspects of Siberian agricultural export development. We were able to identify the largest trading partners among the EAEU member states and study the particular aspects of their food imports based on the Russian database indicators. According to the analysis results, we concluded that exports are dominated by food products, namely intermediate and final products, which correspond to the objectives of the Russian Federation National Project International Cooperation and Exports. Market research on the breakdown of imports to the EAEU showed that it imported dairy products, fruits, vegetables, and processed foods. We identified the most promising areas of export development for the SFD based on a review of the scientific studies on economic integration and food security issues. The scientific novelty of this research lies in proving the need to develop exports of finished food products with a high level of processing, which requires the integrated development of the food processing industry in the SFD by means of regional strategic programs for introducing innovative biotechnologies in deep processing of agricultural raw materials. The research findings might be of great interest to members of the academic community and undergraduate and graduate students pursuing similar research agendas.
How pervasive is labor market discrimination against immigrants and what options do policymakers and migrants have to reduce it? To answer these questions, we conducted a field experiment on employer ...discrimination in Sweden. Going beyond existing work, we test for a large range of applicant characteristics using a factorial design. We examine whether migrants can affect their employment chances-by adopting citizenship, acquiring work experience, or signaling religious practice-or whether fixed traits such as country of birth or gender are more consequential. We find little systematic evidence that immigrants can do much to reduce discrimination. Rather, ethnic hierarchies are critical: callback rates decline precipitously with the degree of ethno-cultural distance, leaving Iraqis and Somalis, especially if they are male, with much reduced employment chances. These findings highlight that immigrants have few tools at their disposal to escape ethnic penalties and that efforts to reduce discrimination must address employer prejudice.
Despite innumerable government policies to reduce youth unemployment in Sub-Saharan Africa, the problem persists. This study examines the extent to which the hysteresis effect exists in the youth ...unemployment rate in Sub-Saharan African countries during the period 1991 to 2021, disaggregated according to territorial delineation, income, and gender. First, we employ the univariate and panel unit root tests including the Augmented-Dickey-Fuller, Phillips-Perron, the Dickey-Fuller-Generalized Least Square by Elliott, Rothenberg, and Stock (1996), the ADFmax by Leybourne (1995), and the Kwiatkowski, et al. (1992) test, to enable comparison with previous studies. The Pesaran's (2007), test is then applied to account for cross-sectional dependence. Finally, the Zivot--Andrews single structural break by Zivot and Andrews (1992), Clemente--Montane--Reyes two structural breaks unit root tests by Clemente, Montanes, and Reyes (1998), as well as the Karavias-Tzavalis panel unit root test with structural breaks by Karavias and Tzavalis (2014) are employed. The univariate unit root tests generally support the hysteresis hypothesis (within a band of 60% to 97%) for almost all countries, and sub-regions in SSA. However, accounting for structural breaks, the hysteresis effect in total youth unemployment is only visible in 19 countries (40%), with evidence of gender disparities pointing to the hysteresis effect in females only in 16 countries (34%), and, in males only in 10 countries (21.3%). The lower-middle-income countries reject the natural rate hypothesis in total and both male and female youth unemployment rates. While only male youths suffer from the hysteresis in low-income countries, the total youth in upper-middle-income countries shares this effect. Accounting for cross-section dependence alters the finding of the hysteresis effect only in males in Southern Africa and upper-middle-income countries. A one-size-fits-all policy may not work. Instead, we recommend an integral approach aimed at the creation of employment opportunities for youth and females, including but not limited to diversification of economic activities in rural areas to reduce urbanization, skills training, political and economic stability, cultural transformation to remove unnecessary gender-related employment discrimination, as well as improved economic integration policies. For countries found to exhibit the natural rate hypothesis, it may not be necessary to engage in costly policies to return the youth unemployment rate to equilibrium since the shock is only temporary.
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