Schematic diagram and cyclic performance of flexible Li polymer battery based on prepared gel polymer electrolytes.
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•Gel polymer electrolytes containing ionic liquid EMIMTFSI were ...fabricate.•Prepared electrolytes showed high ionic conductivity.•They also showed high thermal and electrochemical stability.•Fabricated lithium polymer batteries showed good electrochemical performance.
Development of high performance lithium polymer batteries (LPBs) with high thermal and electrochemical stabilities is now being intensively pursued for various applications like personal electronics, grid storage etc. In the present study, we report synthesis and characterization of a gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) based on polymer polyethylene oxide (PEO), salt lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) and different amounts of added ionic liquid (IL) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMIMTFSI). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), complex impedance spectroscopy, ionic transference number studies, linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) studies exhibit promising characteristics of prepared GPEs for suitable application in LPBs. The GPEs show high thermal stability (i.e. no weight loss up to 310°C), high ionic conductivity (∼2.08×10−4Scm−1 at 30°C), high lithium transference number (tLi+=0.39) and high electrochemical stability window (∼4.6V). A low cost simple thermal lamination technique was used to encapsulate whole LPB assembly by sandwiching best performing GPE between a LiMn2O4 cathode and lithium metal anode. In galvanostatic charge/discharge cycles the prepared cell showed good electrochemical performance.
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•Two-dimensional porous N-doped carbon (2D-PNC) is derived from graphitic carbon nitride.•MnO2 nanoneedles are wrapped by 2D-PNC nanosheets to obtain composite electrode.•Abundant ...active sites and high conductivity of composite electrode are presented.•Such composite electrode shows favorable electrochemical behaviors in IL electrolyte.•A high-performance packaging flexible SC using IL electrolyte has been assembled.
Fabricating supercapacitors (SCs) based on ionic liquid (IL) as an electrolyte is an effective strategy to enhance the devices' operating voltage and energy density. Herein, a novel MnO2-based electrode with superior electrochemical behaviors in IL electrolyte has been put forward. Remarkably, MnO2 nanoneedles are steadily wrapped by two-dimensional porous N-doped carbon (PNC) which is derived from graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) as the sacrificial template. Beneficial from abundant active sites, suitable porous structure and enhanced electric conductivity, the resultant MnO2/PNC electrode exhibits large specific capacitance, remarkable rate capability, and favorable electrochemical kinetics in IL electrolyte. As a result, a high-performance flexible SC with long-term cycling stability has been assembled based on the MnO2/PNC electrode and IL electrolyte, indicating its potential applications in flexible and portable electronics.
A key challenge of chloride ion batteries is to develop cathode materials that are stable in the electrolytes. Metal oxychlorides are presented as such a cathode material. The electrochemical ...performance and the reaction mechanisms of the BiOCl and FeOCl cathode were investigated. Both cathodes showed reversible reactions, including a major conversion reaction and a minor intercalation process, by chloride ion transfer during cycling.
Ionic liquids (ILs) are known for their unique characteristics as solvents and electrolytes. Therefore, new ILs are being developed and adapted as innovative chemical environments for different ...applications in which their properties need to be understood on a molecular level. Computational data-driven methods provide means for understanding of properties at molecular level, and quantitative structure–property relationships (QSPRs) provide the framework for this. This framework is commonly used to study the properties of molecules in ILs as an environment. The opposite situation where the property is considered as a function of the ionic liquid does not exist. The aim of the present study was to supplement this perspective with new knowledge and to develop QSPRs that would allow the understanding of molecular interactions in ionic liquids based on the structure of the cationic moiety. A wide range of applications in electrochemistry, separation and extraction chemistry depends on the partitioning of solutes between the ionic liquid and the surrounding environment that is characterized by the gas-ionic liquid partition coefficient. To model this property as a function of the structure of a cationic counterpart, a series of ionic liquids was selected with a common bis-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)-imide anion, Tf2N−, for benzene, hexane and cyclohexane. MLR, SVR and GPR machine learning approaches were used to derive data-driven models and their performance was compared. The cross-validation coefficients of determination in the range 0.71–0.93 along with other performance statistics indicated a strong accuracy of models for all data series and machine learning methods. The analysis and interpretation of descriptors revealed that generally higher lipophilicity and dispersion interaction capability, and lower polarity in the cations induces a higher partition coefficient for benzene, hexane, cyclohexane and hydrocarbons in general. The applicability domain analysis of models concluded that there were no highly influential outliers and the models are applicable to a wide selection of cation families with variable size, polarity and aliphatic or aromatic nature.
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•Prepared a functionalized metal–organic framework (MOF) Chitosan@ZIF-8.•Constructed a novel reusable IL-tolerant MOF immobilized cellulase system.•Improved efficiency in cellulase ...adsorption via functionalization of ZIF-8.•In situ saccharification of Chitosan@ZIF-8 immobilized enzyme was improved 64%.•Chitosan@ZIF-8 immobilized enzyme retained 67% residual activity in the fifth reuse.
In this study, two functionalized ZIF-8 were used for cellulase immobilization through physical adsorption. The in situ saccharification efficiency of immobilized cellulase was evaluated in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium diethylphosphate (EmimDEP) using bagasse (BG) as the substrate. The results showed that the enzyme adsorption capacity (mg/g) of chitosan@ZIF-8 (326.04 mg/g) and PEG@ZIF-8 (264.20 mg/g) was improved compared to ZIF-8 (192.40 mg/g). The ionic liquid (IL)-tolerance of functionalized ZIF-8 immobilized cellulase was also significantly increased. In 50% (v/v) EmimDEP, the amount of reducing sugar produced by functionalized ZIF-8 immobilized cellulase catalyzed hydrolysis was increased by 64.34% and 16.98% compared with ZIF-8 immobilized cellulase, respectively. Furthermore, the reusability of functionalized ZIF-8 immobilized cellulase was improved in 25% (v/v) EmimDEP. Notably, the increase in adsorption capacity and IL-tolerance of the functionalized ZIF-8 immobilized cellulase may be related to the increase in surface potential and the hydrophobic groups on the surface of the carrier.
•The carbon-doped C3N4 was synthesized through carbon self-repairing process.•A sensitive sensor for doxorubicin was developed based C@C3N4/IL/AuNPs.•The C@C3N4/IL/AuNPs significantly enhanced the ...sensitivity of the doxorubicin measurement.•GCE/C@C3N4/IL/AuNPs achieved a detection limit of 0.1 nM for doxorubicin.
Carbon-doped graphitic carbon nitride (C@C3N4) was synthesized through a carbon self-repairing process from which a nanocomposite of C@C3N4, ionic liquid, and gold nanoparticles (C@C3N4/IL/AuNPs) was prepared and used as a sensor for Doxorubicin (DOX) detection. The charge transfer resistance of the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was decreased from 1.9 to 0.1 kΩ after modification with C@C3N4/IL/AuNPs nanocomposite, while the GCE surface area was enlarged nearly two times by the presence of C@C3N4/IL/AuNPs. The reversible redox peaks were observed for DOX at GCE/C@C3N4/IL/AuNPs with high peak currents nearly 45 times that of the nascent GCE. Scan rate and pH effects revealed a pH-dependent adsorption-controlled process for DOX oxidation. A linear relationship between the oxidation peak current and DOX concentration in the 10–5000 nM range led to a low detection limit of 3 nM. The sensor was selective to measure DOX in real samples within the recovery percentage of 98.16–104.
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This work reported the discovery of
-triflimide (NTf)-based zwitter-ionic liquids (ZILs) that exhibit UCST-type phase transitions in water, and their further structural optimization in fine-tuning ...polarity to ultimately afford newfangled thermosensitive materials carrying attractive and biocompatible
values that clearly demonstrated the true value of the tunability of ZIL structure. This research established that with non-aromatic, acyclic ZILs as small-molecule thermoresponsive materials, their mixing and de-mixing with water triggered by temperatures are entirely reversible.
Electrochemical reduction of CO2 into valuable chemicals is a significant route to utilize CO2 resources. Among various electroreduction products, oxalic acid (H2C2O4) is an important chemical for ...pharmaceuticals, rare earth extraction, and metal processing. Here, an aprotic aromatic ester‐functionalized ionic liquid (IL), 4‐(methoxycarbonyl) phenol tetraethylammonium (TEA4‐MF‐PhO), was designed as an electrolyte for CO2 electroreduction into oxalic acid. It exhibited a large oxalic acid partial current density of 9.03 mA cm−2 with a faradaic efficiency (FE) of 86 % at −2.6 V (vs. Ag/Ag+), and the oxalic acid formation rate was as high as 168.4 μmol cm−2 h−1, which is the highest reported value to date. Moreover, the results of density functional theory calculations demonstrated that CO2 was efficiently activated to a −COOH intermediate by bis‐active sites of the aromatic ester anion via the formation of a 4‐MF‐PhO‐COOH− adduct, which finally dimerized into oxalic acid.
CO2 electroreduction: An aprotic aromatic ester‐functionalized ionic liquid (IL), TEA4‐MF‐PhO, is designed for CO2 electroreduction to oxalic acid. The multiple active sites exhibit excellent catalytic performance with high current density and faradaic efficiency by interacting with CO2. This study provides a promising prospect for using IL as electrolyte to develop efficient electrocatalysts.
•Hesperidin, hyperoside and rutin were first extracted by ionic liquids solution.•1-Hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoborate was as extracting solvent.•Ionic liquid-based vacuum microwave-assisted ...extraction was developed.•The proposed approach was confirmed by good recovery and reproducibility.•Macroporous resin was attempted for separation target analytes from IL solution.
Rutin, hyperoside and hesperidin were effectively extracted from Sorbus tianschanica leaves by an ionic liquid vacuum microwave-assisted method. A series of ionic liquids with various anions and alkyl chain length of the cations were studied and the extraction was performed in C6mimBF4 aqueous solution. After optimization by a factorial design and response surface methodology, total extraction yield of 2.37mg/g with an error of 0.12mg/g (0.71±0.04mg/g, 1.18±0.06mg/g and 0.48±0.02 for rutin, hyperoside and hesperidin, respectively) was achieved under −0.08MPa for vacuum, 19min and 420W for microwave irradiation time and power, and 15mL/g for liquid–solid ratio. The proposed method here is more efficient and needs a shorter extraction time for rutin, hyperoside and hesperidin from S. tianschanica leaves than reference extraction techniques. In stability studies performed with standard rutin, hyperoside and hesperidin, the target analytes were stable under the optimum conditions. The proposed method had a high reproducibility and precision. In addition, separation of rutin, hyperoside and hesperidin from C6mimBF4 extraction solution was completed effectively by AB-8 macroporous resin adsorption and desorption process. Ionic liquid vacuum microwave-assisted extraction is a simple, rapid and efficient sample extraction technique.
A new, green method has been developed for the determination of the trace Sudan I prior to spectrophotometric determination. The ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIMPF
...6
), was used as an extraction solvent for Sudan I. The analytical parameters which influence the recovery of Sudan I, such as the pH, ionic liquid volume, and sample volume, were optimized. Sudan I was quantitatively extracted at pH 6.0. The influences of matrix components upon the analysis were investigated. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.039 µg/L and 0.108 µg/L, respectively. The method was employed to determine Sudan I in food.
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