This book considers the phenomenon of soft law employed by domestic public authorities. Lawyers have long understood that public authorities are able to issue certain communications in a way that ...causes them to be treated like law, even though these are neither legislation nor subordinate legislation. Importantly for soft law as a regulatory tool, people tend to treat soft law as binding even though public authorities know that it is not. It follows that soft law’s ‘binding’ effects do not apply equally between the public authority and those to whom it is directed. Consequently, soft law is both highly effective as a means of regulation, and inherently risky for those who are regulated by it. Rather than considering soft law as a form of regulation, this book examines the possible remedies when a public authority breaches its own soft law upon which people have relied, thereby suffering loss. It considers judicial review remedies, modes of compensation which are not based upon a finding of invalidity, namely tort and equity, and ‘soft’ challenges outside the scope of the courts, such as through the Ombudsman or by seeking an ex gratia payment. Volume 11 in the series Hart Studies in Comparative Public Law
The fundamental legal and institutional changes of recent decades have brought the English constitution into question. Accompanying issues have been the extent to which its traditional character and ...main features have been changed, lost their former appeal and retained their distinctness in the European Union. These issues are not readily addressed in everyday thinking about a constitution simply conceived as unwritten or in constitutional accounts variously preoccupied with abstract analysis, political accountability or transcendent norms. The English Historical Constitution addresses these issues by developing a historical constitutional approach and thus elaborating on continuity and change in the constitution's main doctrines and institutions. From an English legal perspective, it offers a complement or corrective to analytical, political and normative approaches by reforming an old conception of the historical constitution and of its history, partly obscured and long neglected through the modern analytical preoccupation with its law as an abstract scheme of rules, principles and practices.
Examining the maximization of consumer protection via the consumer's jurisdiction and law, this volume discusses how to improve the efficiency of juridical protection for consumers who contract with ...foreign sellers by electronic means and offers recommendations which provide a basis for the consumer to sue in his own jurisdiction and for the law of the consumer's domicile to apply.
Homosexuality and the European Court of Human Rights is the first book-length study of the Court's jurisprudence in respect of sexual orientation. It offers a socio-legal analysis of the substantial ...number of decisions and judgments of the Strasbourg organs on the wide range of complaints brought by gay men and lesbians under the European Convention on Human Rights. Providing a systematic analysis of Strasbourg case law since 1955 and examining decades of decisions that have hitherto remained obscure, the book considers the evolution of the Court's interpretation of the Convention and how this has fashioned lesbian and gay rights in Europe. Going beyond doctrinal analysis by employing a nuanced sociological consideration of Strasbourg jurisprudence, Paul Johnson shows how the Court is a site at which homosexuality is both socially constructed and regulated. He argues that although the Convention is conceived as a 'living instrument' to be interpreted 'in the light of present-day conditions' the Court's judgments have frequently forged and advanced new social conditions in respect of homosexuality. Johnson argues that the Court's jurisprudence has an extra-legal importance because it provides an authoritative and powerful discursive resource that can be mobilized by lesbians and gay men to challenge homophobic and heteronormative social relations in contemporary societies. As such, the book considers how the Court's interpretation of the Convention might be evolved in the future to better protect lesbian and gay rights and lives.
The early American legal system permeated the lives of colonists and reflected their sense of what was right and wrong, honorable and dishonorable, moral and immoral. In a compelling book full of the ...extraordinary stories of ordinary people, Elaine Forman Crane reveals the ways in which early Americans clashed with or conformed to the social norms established by the law. As trials throughout the country reveal, alleged malefactors such as witches, wife beaters, and whores, as well as debtors, rapists, and fornicators, were as much a part of the social landscape as farmers, merchants, and ministers. Ordinary people "made" law by establishing and enforcing informal rules of conduct. Codified by a handshake or over a mug of ale, such agreements became custom and custom became "law." Furthermore, by submitting to formal laws initiated from above, common folk legitimized a government that depended on popular consent to rule with authority.
In this book we meet Marretie Joris, a New Amsterdam entrepreneur who sues Gabriel de Haes for calling her a whore; peer cautiously at Christian Stevenson, a Bermudian witch as bad "as any in the world;" and learn that Hannah Dyre feared to be alone with her husband-and subsequently died after a beating. We travel with Comfort Taylor as she crosses Narragansett Bay with Cuff, an enslaved ferry captain, whom she accuses of attempted rape, and watch as Samuel Banister pulls the trigger of a gun that kills the sheriff's deputy who tried to evict Banister from his home. And finally, we consider the promiscuous Marylanders Thomas Harris and Ann Goldsborough, who parented four illegitimate children, ran afoul of inheritance laws, and resolved matters only with the assistance of a ghost. Through the six trials she skillfully reconstructs here, Crane offers a surprising new look at how early American society defined and punished aberrant behavior, even as it defined itself through its legal system.
El 31 de Octubre de 2000, el Consejo de Seguridad de Naciones Unidas, adoptó la Resolución 1325. Con esta histórica Resolución se abría la agenda de Mujeres, Paz y Seguridad, profundizando y ...afianzando temas que habían estado presentes en las décadas anteriores. En ella se reconocía el impacto desproporcionado y desigual de la violencia en los conflictos armados, a la vez que instaba a una necesaria participación de las mujeres en la construcción de la paz y en la prevención de los conflictos. Veinte años después de su aprobación, es necesario analizar y evaluar los aportes, los avances -y también los retrocesos- en las materias que la Resolución 1325 planteaba de una manera pionera. En este libro se recogen tanto los aspectos jurídicos y políticos como nuevas perspectivas de análisis que nos muestran la incidencia de la Resolución en el contexto de crisis global sanitaria, las sinergias con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible, o su aplicación en relación con la infancia en escenarios de conflictos armados. Igualmente, a lo largo del libro se analizan los distintos actores comprometidos con la aplicación de la Resolución: desde las distintas organizaciones de la sociedad civil, hasta la Unión Europea, la Corte Internacional de Justicia, o las propias Naciones Unidas. Con estos análisis, presentes en las páginas de este libro, las AUas -académicas de España, Suecia, Colombia y Costa Rica- pretender contribuir a un debate necesario y urgente acerca de la inclusión de las mujeres y de la perspectiva de género -tal y como planteaba la Resolución 1325- que está lejos de estar cerrado. Los escenarios geopolíticos cambiantes, los nuevos conflictos armados, los millones de desplazamientos, pero también, las resistencias de las mujeres a las múltiples violencias que sufren, nos hacen plantear la necesidad de repensar un instrumento tan relevante como es la Resolución 1325 y la Agenda de Mujeres, Paz y Seguridad.
The rapid expansion of sharing economy platforms such as Airbnb and Uber has generated enormous controversy. This book brings legal and interdisciplinary perspectives to the labour, market and ...technology and other regulatory challenges that arise from this phenomenon that has taken the world by storm.
Commercial relationships give rise to diverse forms of legal obligation in private law, including contract, tort, agency, company law and partnership. More controversially, equity and the law of ...restitution have a less defined and somewhat ambulatory role in regulating the affairs of commercial parties. Nevertheless, their impact is manifest in the commercial arena through the distinct types of liability they engender and the remedies that are imposed. This collection draws together the views of leading international scholars and judges to explore the nature and extent of this impact from two perspectives. Five chapters primarily address this impact at a macro-level, focusing on the roles of equity and the law of restitution in terms of legal taxonomy, doctrine and policy. In contrast, the remaining five chapters primarily address this impact at a micro-level, focusing on selected liabilities and remedies within equity and the law of restitution in the context of commerce. This bifocal approach enables a holistic appreciation of some important ways in which equity and the law of restitution affect or may affect commerce, with a view to fostering further debate over the fundamental issues at stake.
This volume contains the scientific papers presented at the Tenth International Conference „Perspectives of Business Law in the Third Millennium” that was held on 8 November 2019 in online format on ...Zoom. The conference is organized each year by the Faculty of Law of the Bucharest University of Economic Studies together with the Society of Juridical and Administrative Sciences. The scientific studies included in this volume are grouped into five chapters: Commercial law; Labor law; Criminal law; European and international law. The present volume is addressed to practitioners, researchers, students and PhD candidates in juridical sciences, who are interested in recent developments and prospects for development in the field of business law at international and national level.
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