Rice is among the most important crops for human nutrition. The need to increase yields is commonly achieved by agricultural intensification that often comes along with negative impacts on the ...environment. In 2011, the interdisciplinary LEGATO project was launched with the aim to advance sustainable rice production. A key feature for sustainable rice production is silicon (Si) availability. Si can e.g. improve rice crop resistance against pathogens and prevent the uptake of toxic metals. Herein, we introduce the characteristics of the seven LEGATO study regions in Vietnam and the Philippines (i.e., climate, geology, soils, agricultural practices) ranging from lowlands with intensive production to mountain regions with extensive and traditional production systems. Secondly, we show data on concentrations of plant-available Si (Sipa) in topsoils of paddy fields (Ap+Arp horizons) and of sites with an alternative land-use (forest, upland crops), and discuss factors determining spatial differences in Sipa concentrations. Results show that Sipa concentrations in topsoils of paddies (assessed by acetate extraction) greatly differ between Philippine (141–322mg Sikg−1) and Vietnamese (20–51mg Sikg−1) regions. This can be explained by differences in geo-/pedologic conditions between the countries. Large Sipa concentrations in the Philippines are due to recent rock formation by active volcanism, hence, by a large Sipa input due to mineral weathering in recent geologic history. Land-use can also affect Sipa in topsoils: in Philippine regions, Sipa concentrations were significantly larger for paddies than for other land-use types. In some of the Vietnamese paddies, Sipa concentrations are below critical values, thus might limit plant growth. Many Vietnamese farmers export Si from fields by removing straw residues with the harvest. Our subsequent research thus aims to test whether changes in harvest residue management can improve the Si supply to plants in Vietnamese regions.
Reis stellt für einen Großteil der Menschen die Hauptnahrungsgrundlage dar. Der in den letzten Jahrzehnten gestiegene Reisbedarf konnte durch eine Intensivierung des Reisanbaus gedeckt werden, was aber oft zu erheblichen Umweltschäden führte. Das seit 2011 laufende interdisziplinäre LEGATO-Projekt hat eine Verbesserung der Nachhaltigkeit beim Reisanbau zum Ziel. Ein wichtiger Aspekt hierbei ist ein nachhaltiges Management des Silizium (Si)-Kreislaufs. Si erhöht die Resistenz der Reispflanze gegen Krankheitserreger, steigert die Effizienz von NPK-Düngern und kann die Aufnahme von toxischen Metallen verringern. In diesem Artikel stellen wir die Untersuchungsregionen des LEGATO-Projekts vor (Klima, Geologie, Böden, landwirtschaftliche Praxis), zeigen Konzentrationen von pflanzenverfügbarem Si (Sipa) in den Reisböden (Ap+Arp-Horizonte) und diskutieren Faktoren, welche Unterschiede der Konzentrationen zwischen den Regionen steuern. Das Sipa wurde mittels Extraktion mit Natrium-Acetat-Lösung bestimmt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Sipa-Konzentrationen in philippinischen Böden deutlich höher liegen als in vietnamesischen Böden (141–322 vs. 20–51mg Sikg−1). Dies ist durch Unterschiede der geo-/pedologischen Bedingungen zu erklären. Die hohen Konzentrationen in philippinischen Böden entstehen durch die Freisetzung großer Mengen an mobilem Si während der Verwitterung vulkanischer Gesteine, die in der geologisch jüngeren Geschichte gebildet wurden. Auch die Landnutzung kann die Sipa-Konzentrationen in Oberböden beeinflussen. Die Konzentrationen in philippinischen Reisböden sind höher als die in Böden unter anderer Landnutzung (z.B. Wald, Gemüseanbau). In einigen vietnamesischen Reisfeldern könnte ein Si-Mangel den Reisertrag limitieren. Viele vietnamesische Bauern exportieren Reisstroh nach der Ernte und entziehen dem Kreislauf dadurch eine möglicherweise wichtige Quelle von Sipa. Wir werden deshalb als Nächstes untersuchen, ob man durch eine Änderung dieser Praxis die Si-Versorgung der Reispflanzen verbessern kann.
This paper first introduces the basic concepts of playing and legato, and discusses the importance and difference of playing and legato. Then computer audio technology is used for audio contrast ...analysis. This paper expounds the connotation of piano singing in order to provide reference for piano learners and piano teachers.
Abstract Background Chemotherapy with lomustine is widely considered as standard treatment option for progressive glioblastoma. The value of adding radiotherapy to second-line chemotherapy is not ...known. Methods EORTC-2227-BTG (LEGATO, NCT05904119) is an investigator-initiated, pragmatic (PRECIS-2 score: 34 out of 45), randomized, multicenter phase III trial in patients with first progression of glioblastoma. A total of 411 patients will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to lomustine (110 mg/m 2 every 6 weeks) or lomustine (110 mg/m 2 every 6weeks) plus radiotherapy (35 Gy in 10 fractions). Main eligibility criteria include histologic confirmation of glioblastoma, isocitrate dehydrogenase gene ( IDH ) wild-type per WHO 2021 classification, first progression at least 6 months after the end of prior radiotherapy, radiologically measurable disease according to RANO criteria with a maximum tumor diameter of 5 cm, and WHO performance status of 0–2. The primary efficacy endpoint is overall survival (OS) and secondary endpoints include progression-free survival, response rate, neurocognitive function, health-related quality of life, and health economic parameters. LEGATO is funded by the European Union’s Horizon Europe Research program, was activated in March 2024 and will enroll patients in 43 sites in 11 countries across Europe with study completion projected in 2028. Discussion EORTC-2227-BTG (LEGATO) is a publicly funded pragmatic phase III trial designed to clarify the efficacy of adding reirradiation to chemotherapy with lomustine for the treatment of patients with first progression of glioblastoma. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05904119. Registered before start of inclusion, 23 May 2023
Milton Babbitt's violin concerto (1975-1976), entitled Concerti for Violin, Orchestra, and Synthesized Sound, was premiered at Juilliard in January of 2016, an impressive feat given that it was only ...unearthed in the spring of 2015 and that the electronic part was incomplete. After discussing Concerti's history and discovery, a pedagogical and philosophical perspective is offered for future soloists. Concerti demands the highest levels of technical preparation, intellectual engagement, and expressive commitment. The performer is encouraged to seek and live with two simultaneous lives of the piece: a private life, characterised by a ceaseless drive for betterment and deeper understanding, and a public life, in which organic utterances of expressive communication are the top priority.
A presente pesquisa conceitua o comportamento de mão esquerda denominado Wa l k i n g. Frank Koonce (1997), autor do termo, o descreve como o constante contato dos dedos com o espelho do braço do ...violão, propiciando, assim, fluência mecânica e sonora. Metodologicamente, procedemos a uma pesquisa bibliográf ica acerca dos expedientes técnicos de sustentação do som que compõem o Wa l k i n g, tendo como principal aporte teórico a Teoria da Digitação, de Alisson Alípio. Complementarmente, adotamos como referencial a abordagem da prática do violão denominada Aim-Directed Movement (ADM), proposta por Anderson (1980), por considerarmos que o Wa l k i n gnão pode ser compreendido unicamente como uma sucessão de ações dos dedos sobre as notas, mas —principalmente —como um conjunto de movimentos que permitem a sustentação do som entretais ações. Os resultados desta pesquisa mostram, portanto, que o Wa l k i n gé uma sucessão de intençõese que, como tal, é uma perspectivamotora que orienta o processo de digitação
Music plays an important part in the lives of people from an early age. Many parents invest in music education of various types for their children as arts and music are of economic importance. This ...leads to a new trend that the STEAM education system draws more and more attention from the STEM education system that has been developed over several years. For example, parents let their children listen to music since they were in the womb and invest their money in studying music at an early age, especially for playing and learning musical instruments. As far as education is concerned, assessment for music performances should be standardized, not based on the individual teacher’s standard. Thus, in this study, automatic assessment methods for piano performances were developed. Two types of piano articulation were taken into account, namely “Legato” with vibration notes using sustain pedals and “Staccato” with detached notes without the use of sustain pedals. For each type, piano sounds were analyzed and classified into “Good”, “Normal”, and “Bad” categories. The study investigated four approaches for this task: Support Vector Machine (SVM), Naive Bayes (NB), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). The experiments were conducted using 4680 test samples, including isolated scale notes and kids’ songs, produced by 13 performers. The results show that the CNN approach is superior to the other approaches, with a classification accuracy of more than eighty percent.
O Legato na Flauta Teixeira, Helder
Revista Vórtex,
10/2016, Volume:
4, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
A questão fundamental da investigação que ora se apresenta se concentra em aspectos ligados à acústica e a fatores sonoros com características perceptivas notáveis; fenômenos e eventos que ocorrem ...num muito breve espaço de tempo nos períodos transitórios do som da flauta. A preocupação com tais eventos está intimamente relacionada ao aspecto perceptivo que os mesmos imprimem à execução musical. O propósito focal do artigo se direciona ao legato, uma das principais ferramentas de expressividade do flautista. A importância do legato está associada à boa expressividade e ao fluxo melódico que dá sentido à frase musical. Por esta razão o estudo se concentra em análises de diversas formas de legato, tanto na flauta quanto em outros instrumentos, com utilização de programas de análises de áudio a fim de se conhecer diferentes formas de se obter sons ligados e identificar fenômenos acústicos presentes em meio ao movimento sonoro transitório dos intervalos e como tais fenômenos interferem na sensação de fluxo sonoro. Elaborado à partir da pesquisa desenvolvida na Universidade Federal da Bahia sob o título "Aticulus Temporis: estudo dos regimes transitórios do legato na flauta" , este artigo condensa as principais etapas desta pesquisa e suas conclusões.
The transdisciplinary research project LEGATO analysed the combined generation of provisioning, regulating and cultural ecosystem services in wet rice agriculture in South-East Asia and applied ...ecological engineering to future-proof it against global change and environmental pollution challenges. Due to its transdisciplinary character and the sheer size, a systematic stakeholder involvement was inevitable. Starting with stakeholder identification by snowballing from a limited number of contacts, we derived a multi-level stakeholder analysis and tried to involve those identified as relevant. Applying different means and aiming at different depth of involvement, the effort can be judged successful. The paper describes the methods used to identify and classify stakeholders, and key elements of the stakeholder management, guided by the BiodivERsA Stakeholder Activation Handbook. While on the local level, farmers and extension workers turned out to be influential and interested stakeholders in both countries, as well as local (PH) or provincial authorities (VN), differences were manifest on higher levels due to the divergent institutional setting. National-level agents were hard to get interested in both countries, and influential agents along the production chain, including middle men, were not really interested in collaboration.
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