Transformations in the marketing function reflect changes in the immediate business environment. While the impact of transformations can be identified through companies' financial results, a deeper ...meaning for such a transformation exists in societal changes. In other words, ongoing changes among consumers, markets, and marketing departments feature prominently in the need for business transformations. Marketing departments too are under increasing pressure to perform. In fact, 80% of chief executive officers do not trust or are unimpressed with their chief marketing officers (CMOs), and CMOs have a high turnover rate. Calls to demonstrate the efficiency of the marketing function have brought the focus on creating value andmanaging customer relationships in a personalized manner.
As there is growth in the population rate in the past few years, the number of vehicles on the roads has also increased. Thus, emissions of CO2 and hydrocarbons have risen, drastically. This problem ...has led to the success of the battery market, mostly in Electric Vehicle (EV) industry. Numerous research studies are going into the field of battery technology. The battery market is a Billion-Dollar market, annually. According to a market research report, the global battery market size in 2014 was 62 Billion US Dollars. Lead-Acid, Nickel Metal Hydride, and Lithium-ion batteries are the commonly used types of batteries for Electric-Drive Vehicles (EDVs), including Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs), Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs), and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs). Such batteries are mainly used in automotive and traction applications. They also find their applications in backup and emergency power for electrical installations. In addition, those types of batteries can be found in submarines and Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPSs). Lead-Acid, Nickel Metal Hydride, and Lithium-ion batteries are very popular as they are low cost and have high durability. This paper aims to emphasize various aspects relating to the economics of Lead-Acid, Nickel Metal Hydride, and Lithium-ion batteries and the market dynamics, which affect the battery industry. In this paper, the cost performances of the Lead-Acid, Nickel Metal Hydride, and Lithium-ion batteries over the years and their impacts on the EV industry are evaluated. Finally, the current situation of Lead-Acid, Nickel Metal Hydride, and Lithium-ion batteries markets are discussed. This paper indicates the market landscape and its growth prospects over the upcoming years.
The additive manufacturing production allows the direct realization of functional parts with complex shapes starting from digital models. The aim of this work is to describe the economic impact of ...this technology, which in recent years has found space in many fields of application, particularly in the medical field, through the production of orthopedic and dental prostheses. Thanks to powerful printers and starting from different polymers, it is possible to melt a very fine material and make the specimens layer by layer in a short time, at sustainable costs and bespoke, customizing them according to the customer's requests.
As aim of the paper, general and specific aspects concerning additive manufacturing are selected to suggest a useful model for the process evaluation and relate the relative theoretical and technical information. It shows case studies on the 3D phenomenon, highlighting the technological process, the different production technologies, the materials used and the economic considerations generated by the introduction of 3D.
The intensity of minilateral coalition-building among the United States and its Indo-Pacific partners, especially the consolidation of the Quad and the formation of AUKUS in 2021, has rekindled ...concerns over the relevance of ASEAN multilateralism and ASEAN's claim to centrality in the regional architecture. Although the challenge to ASEAN-led mechanisms from competing and parallel institutions initiated by other powers is not a new phenomenon, this article argues that the intensity of today's geopolitical tensions, primarily but not exclusively between the United States and China, has driven America and its Indo-Pacific partners to invest more in minilateral coalitions than in ASEAN institutions to advance their strategic goals. The institutional challenge that these minilaterals present to ASEAN is three-fold. First, they signify the entrenchment of hard balancing by the United States and its Indo-Pacific partners and their reduced reliance on ASEAN's normative influence. Second, their small, nimble membership holds out better prospects than ASEAN institutions in delivering tangible results and effective responses to regional security challenges. Third, they accentuate the pre-existing strategic incoherence within ASEAN in the face of Great Power competition.
Electric vehicle development is critical to achieve the sustainable goals, while the hit of COVID-19 strikes the market and brings challenges to the whole industry. China, among one of the earliest ...regions affected by COVID-19 and takes a great part in the global electric vehicle market, is attracting growing attention on its post-pandemic trends in the electric vehicle industry. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of COVID-19 impacts on China's electric vehicle industry from both the demand side and the supply side. Both challenges and opportunities for China's electric vehicle development are revealed with emerging trend analysis. It is found that the COVID-19 outbreak has reduced electric vehicle sales in the short-term, but may also stimulate future electric vehicle demand especially for large electric cars with better performance. Meanwhile, travel restrictions caused by COVID-19 have interrupted electric vehicle material supplies that relying on imports, accelerating domestic substitute exploitation and inventory improvement for critical parts. Additionally, massive lockdowns for controlling COVID-19 have disrupted productions and operations, which tends to expel small brands out of the competitive market, concentrating China's electric vehicle industry to the leading brands. Finally, the social distancing trend after pandemic is bringing challenges to traditional EV distribution channels with dealers, pushing automakers to develop innovative online selling channels. These impacts are likely to lead to a reformation of China's electric vehicle industry towards a more advanced and reliable future.
•Impacts of COVID-19 on China's EV market and supply chain are analyzed.•COVID-19 outbreak may shift consumer demand to large EVs with better performance.•Supply interruption by travel restrictions may promote domestic R&D and reserves.•Suspension caused by lockdown may expel SMEs and concentrate China's EV industry.•Post-pandemic social distancing may lead to innovative online EV selling models.
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